Упражнения на действительный залог в английском. Английский упражнения на пассивный залог

Упражнения начального уровня — это знакомство с грамматической темой, которую надо отработать. Если мы хотим хорошо ориентироваться в страдательном залоге, то начинаем с самого простого – с построения пассивных конструкций.

Итак, раскройте скобки и образуете пассивную конструкцию во времени, которое указано рядом. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The dog (to give) some food in ten munutes. Future Indefinite

2. This picture always (to admire). Present Indefinite

3. The letters (to type) now. Present Continuous

4. The children (to allow) to go for a walk . Present Perfect

5. His leg (to hurt) in an accident. Past Indefinite

6. The museum (to open) in September. Future Indefinite

7. These men (to arrest) yesterday. Past Indefinite

8. This exercise (to do) very carefully. Present Continuous

9. He (to appoint) a new manager of the firm. Present Perfect

10. Furniture (to made) from wood and plastic. Present Indefinite

11. The news (to announce) tomorrow morning. Future Indefinite

12. The box (not to open) for the last hundred years. Present Perfect

13. The article still (to translate). Present Continuous

14. A new metro line (to construct) in our town next year. Future Indefinite

15. The excursion (to organize) well. Present Perfect

16. His granny (to take) to hospital last Saturday. Past Indefinite

17. The Tower of London formerly (to use) as a prison. Past Indefinite

18. A new rule (to explain) now. Present Continuous

19. Her book (to publish) next month. Future Indefinite

20. Two of my dinner plates (to break). Present Perfect

21. These newspapes and journals (to sell) everywhere. Present Indefinite.

22. The short story (to read) aloud now. Present Continuous

23. A big battle (to fight) here 200 years ago. Past Indefinite

24. She (to meet) at the station tomorrow morning? Future Indefinite

25. You (to invite) to lunch tomorrow. Present Perfect

26. This play (to forget) in a few years’ time. Future Indefinite

27. The patient (to operate on) at this moment. Present Continuous

28. The bridge (to built) last year. Past Indefinite

29. My brother never (to beat) at tennis. Present Perfect

30. English (to speak) all over the world. Present Indefinite

31. Trees and flowers (to plant) in the park now. Present Continuous

32. Any questions (to ask) about me? Past Indefinite

33. Your report (to discuss) in two hours. Future Indefinite.

34. The children (to punish) for something they didn’t do. Past Indefinite

35. Milk (to use) for making butter and cheese. Present Indefinite

36. The floor (to wash) in the ckassroom now. Present Continuous

37. His lectures (to listen to) with great interest. Future Indefinite

38. You (to want) to help lay the table. Present Indefinite

39. A pupil always (to praise) when he works hard. Present Indefinite

40. The stolen car (to find) in another town. Present Perfect

Я раскрою скобки, образую формы страдательного залога в соответствующем времени и переведу предложения на русский язык.

1. The dog will be given some food in ten minutes. = Через десять минут собаке дадут поесть.

2. This pictures is always admired. = Этой картиной всегда восхищаются.

3. The letters are being typed now. = Письма сейчас печатают.

4. The children have been allowed to go for a walk. = Детям разрешили пойти погулять.

5. His leg was hurt in an accident. = Его нога была повреждена

6. The museum will be opened in September. = Музей откроется в сентябре.

7. These men were arrested yesterday. = Вчера эти люди были арестованы.

8. This exercise is very carefully being done. = Это упражнение сейчас выполняют очень внимательно.

9. He has been appointed a new manager of the firm. = Его назначили новым управляющим этой фирмы.

10. Furniture is made from wood and plastic. = Мебель делают из дерева и пластика.

11. The news will be announced tomorrow morning. = Эти новости сообщат завтра утром.

12. The box hasn’t been opened for the last hundred years. = За последние сотню лет эту коробку не открывали.

13. The article is still being translated. = Статью все еще переводят.

14. A new metro line will be constructed in our town next year. = В будущем году в нашем городе будет построена новая линия метро.

15. The excursion has well been organized. = Экскурсия была хорошо организована.

16. His granny was taken to hospital last Saturday. = В прошлое воскресенье его бабушку положили в больницу.

17. The Tower of London was formerly used as a prison. = Лондонский Тауэр раньше использовали, как тюрьму.

18. A new rule is being explained now. = Сейчас объясняют новое правило.

19. Her book will be published next month. = В будущем месяце ее книга будет опубликована.

20. Two of my dinner plates have been broken. = Разбились две моих обеденных тарелки.

21. These newspapers and journals are sold everywhere. = Эти газеты и журналы продаются везде.

22. The short story is being read aloud now. = Сейчас читают вслух этот рассказ.

23. A big battle was fought here 200 years ago.

24. Will she be met at the station tomorrow morning? = Ее встретят завтра утром на станции?

25. You have been invited to lunch tomorrow. = Вы приглашены на обед, который состоится завтра.

26. This play will be forgotten in a few years’ time. = Через несколько лет эту пьесу забудут.

27. The patient is being operated on at this moment. = Этого пациента сейчас оперируют.

28. The bridge was built last year. = Мост был построен в прошлом году.

29. My brother has never been beaten at tennis. = Моего брата никогда не побеждали в теннис.

30. English is spoken all over the world. = По всему миру говорят на английском языке.

31. Trees and flowers are being planted in the park now. = Сейчас в парке сажают деревья и цветы.

32. Were any questions asked about me? = Обо мне задавали какие-нибудь вопросы?

33. Your report will be discussed in two hours. = Через два часа будут обсуждать ваш доклад.

34. The children were punished for something they didn’t do. = Детей наказали за то, что они не совершали.

35. Milk are used for making butter and cheese. = Молого используют, чтобы сделать масло и сыр.

36. The floor is being washed in the classroom now. = В классе сейчас моют пол.

37. His lectures will be listened to with great interest. = Его лекции будут слушать с большим интересом.

38. You are wanted to help lay the table. = Хотят, чтобы помогли накрыть на стол.

39. A pupil are always praised when he works hard. = Ученика всегда хвалят, когда он усердно работает.

40. The stolen car has been found in another town. = Украденную машину обнаружили в другом городе.

1. Поставьте глагол в форму пассивного залога прошедшего времени.

  1. Jack ... (examine) by the doctor. (Джека осмотрел доктор.)
  2. The teapot ... (break) last week. (Чайник был разбит на прошлой неделе.)
  3. The letters ... (hand) to Doctor Loyds. (Письма были вручены доктору Лойдс.)
  4. The girl ... (frighten) by homeless dogs. (Девочку напугали бездомные собаки.)
  5. This novel ... (not translate). (Этот роман не был переведен.)
  6. We ... (not invite) to Andrew’s party. (Нас не пригласили на вечеринку у Эндрю.)

2. Измените предложения в действительном залоге на страдательный.

Например: We sent for the doctor. (Мы послали за доктором.) – The doctor was sent for. (За доктором послали.)

  1. The earthquake ruined a lot of villages. (Землетрясение разрушило много деревень.)
  2. Mother was cooking fantastic dinner. (Мама готовила фантастический ужин.)
  3. Somebody had stolen their car. (Кто-то украл их машину.)
  4. The secretary was typing the documents. (Секретарь печатала документы.)
  5. Sam had already painted the self-portrait. (Сэм уже написал автопортрет.)
  6. Kirsty bought these cushions in China. (Керсти купила эти подушки в Китае.)

3. Составьте по два предложения в пассивном залоге.

Например: We told her the news. (Мы рассказали ей новость.) – She was told the news. (Ей рассказали новость.), The news was told to her. (Новость была рассказана ей.)

  1. They gave me an Italian book. (Они дали мне итальянскую книгу.)
  2. He was showing us his new house. (Он показывал нам свой новый дом.)
  3. The waiter had served him a beef steak. (Официант подал ему говяжий стейк.)
  4. President promised his people prosperity. (Президент пообещал своему народу процветание.)
  5. Ross had taught Mary English grammar. (Мистер Росс обучил Мэри английской грамматике.)

4. Составьте вопросительные предложения, начиная с предложенных слов.

  1. Megan had been advised to wear contact lenses. (Меган посоветовали носить контактные линзы.) Why ... ? What ... ?
  2. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell. (Телефон был изобретен Александром Бэлл.) Who ... by? When ... ?
  3. The dogs were being trained by a policeman. (Собак тренировал полицейский.) Where ... ? How many dogs ... ?
  4. French textbooks had been packed for the library. (Французские учебники были упакованы для библиотеки.) What kind of books ... ?

Ответы:

  1. was examined
  2. was broken
  3. were handed
  4. was frightened
  5. wasn’t translated
  6. were not invited
  1. A lot of villages were ruined by the earthquake.
  2. Fantastic dinner was being cooked .
  3. Their car had been stolen .
  4. The documents were being typed by the secretary.
  5. The self-portrait had already been painted .
  6. These cushions were bought by Kirsty in China.
  1. I was given an Italian book. An Italian book was given to me.
  2. We were being shown the new house. The new house was being shown to us.
  3. He had been served a beef steak. A beef steak had been served to him.
  4. Prosperity was promised by president. The people were promised prosperity.
  5. Mary had been taught English grammar by Mr. Ross. English grammar had been taught to Mary by Mr. Ross.

PASSIVE VOICE

Ex Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive .

Я рассказал - Мне рассказали

Она привела - Ее привели

Мы спросили - Нас спросили

Мы ответили - Нам ответили

Он забыл - Его забыли

Он помнил - Его помнили

Мы пригласили - Нас пригласили

Ex 2.

Мне расскажут Мне рассказывают Мне рассказали

Нам ответили Нам отвечают Нам ответят

Нас послали Нас посылают Нас пошлют

Ему помогли Ему помогают Ему помогут

1. My question (to answer) yesterday.

2. Hockey (to play) in winter.

3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.

4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.

5. His new book (to finish) next year.

6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.

7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.

8. Bread (to eat) every day.

9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.

10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.

Ex . 4 Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы:

    A lot of houses (построено) in Moscow.

    When (было написано) this letter?

    Many places of interest (посещаются) by tourists.

    When (была переведена) this article?

Ex . 5 Замените действительный залог страдательным.

    Many people attended this lecture.

    He will leave the ticket on the table.

    People speak English in many countries.

    An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln.

    They grow bananas in Africa.

    Chemists purify water in different ways.

    Irene"s husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south.

    The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview.

    Mr. Wilson will teach you English.

    The doctor ordered me a month"s rest from studying.

    Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday.

    Our mother tells us stories every evening.

    Lydia will show you a new book of pictures.

    A boy showed her the way.

    They will send us a box of fruit.

    Five or six small children followed them.

Ex . 7 Поставьте выделенные глаголы в Passive Voice

1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at last she wrote it.

2. Don"t put the cup there: somebody will break it.

3. Why weren"t you at the birthday party? - They didn"t invite me.

4. We met many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time.

5. We shall leave you behind if you are not quick.

Ex Active Voice .

1. The room was cleaned and aired. 3. Whom were these letters written by? 5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be allowed to go there. 10. Betty was met at the station. 11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert. 13. The chicken was eaten with appetite.

Ex 9. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to undertand) by all of us.

2. The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody.

3. I hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody.

4. The letter (to post) in half an hour.

5. It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room.

6. At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team.

7. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived.

8. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters.

Ex

    Much attention (is devoted /devotes) to the development of this science.

    The architect (was built / built) many beautiful bridges in town.

    They (study/are studied) the properties of this material.

    He (influenced / was influenced) by his friends.

    He (reconstructed/was reconstructed) an old church in our town.

    He (was caught/caught) by police yesterday.

    The manager (gave/was given) an interesting work by the President.

    A beautiful cathedral (built/was built) in our town in the 11 century.

Ex. 11. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.

2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.

3. He (to give) me this book next week.

4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.

5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation.

Present Simple Passive.

1. Я всегда хвалю моих друзей.

2. Меня всегда хвалят дома.

3. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои оценки.

4. Каждую субботу папе показывают мои оценки.

5. Мы часто вспоминаем вас.

6. Нас часто вспоминают в деревне.

7. Мне дают сок каждое утро.

8. Каждое утро я даю кошке молоко.

9. Он каждый день рассказывает нам что-нибудь интересное.

10. Ему каждый день рассказывают что-нибудь интересное.

11. Я часто посылаю письма друзьям.

12. Меня часто посылают на юг.

13. Меня часто приглашают в кино.

Ex . 13.

1. Я посоветовал моему другу поступить в спортивную секцию.

2. Мне посоветовали поступить в спортивную секцию.

3. Я показал доктору мои зубы.

4. Меня показали доктору.

5. Я дал своей собаке кусок сахара.

6. Мне дали на обед суп.

7. Вчера я попросил учителя помочь мне.

8. Вчера меня попросили помочь однокласснику.

9. Прошлым летом я научил сестру плавать.

10. Прошлым летом меня научили плавать.

11. Вчера нам задавали много вопросов на уроке.

12 Я ответил на все вопросы.

Ex . 14.

1. Новые коньки купят завтра.

2. Миша попросит меня помочь ему.

3. Мишу попросят рассказать о своем путешествии.

6. Завтра я принесу новый фильм.

7. Завтра принесут новый фильм.

8. Мой друг поможет мне с математикой.

9. Моему другу помогут с немецким.

10. Я куплю мороженого.

PASSIVE VOICE

V -2

Ex 1. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive .

Я показал - Мне показали

Мы послали - Нас послали

Он помог - Ему помогли

Он посоветовал - Ему посоветовали

Мы поправили - Нас поправили

Он вылечил - Его вылечили

Он позвал - Его позвали

Ex 2.

Мне покажут Мне показывают Мне показали

Ее привели Ее приводят Ее приведут

Нас спросили Нас спрашивают Нас спросят

Ex 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.

2. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.

3. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.

4. This work (to do) tomorrow.

5. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.

6. These trees (to plant) last autumn.

7. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.

8. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.

9. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.

10. Lost time never (to find) again.

11. Rome (not to build) in a day.

Ex . 4. Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы:

1. English (говорят) in many countries of the world.

2. The student (задают) many questions by the teacher now.

3. The film (показывали) when we entered the hall.

4. The device (был протестирован) by last month.

Ex . 5. Замените действительный залог страдательным.

1. Computers process information.

2. The teacher gave the student much work.

3. They invented photography in the 1840s.

4. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.

5. They have sent for the doctor.

6. They show films at the cinema.

7. She will deliver a lecture tomorrow.

8. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.

9. The Chinese invented paper.

1. In summer the boys often drive the horses to the fields.

2. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest.

3. The waves carried the boat away.

4. We shall do the translation in the evening.

5. They water the flowers regularly.

6. You promised me these books long ago.

7. Bessie’s father gave her a complete set of Walter Scott’s works.

9. The boys will paint the roof of the house.

10. Tom Sawyer whitewashed the fence.

    Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

Ex . 7. Поставьте выделенные глаголы в Passive Voice , внеся необходимые изменения в предложения.

1. I spent all my money on books last month.

2. I don"t think we shall do all this work today: there is too much of it.

3. It"s a very funny thing that when I start doing this, somebody always stops me.

4. Don"t leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them.

5. The elephant broke the branch of the tree.

6. The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.

Ex . 8. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice .

1. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen. 2. The boy was punished for misbehaving. 3. By three o"clock everything had been prepared. 4. The dictation was written without mistakes. 5. Whom was the poem written by? 6. Her dress was washed and ironed. 7. I was not blamed for the mistakes. 8. This house was built last year. 9. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday. 10. When will this book be returned to the library?

Ex 9. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium.

2. The book (to discuss) at the next conference.

3. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday.

4. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech.

5. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken.

6. The lectures (to attend) by all of us.

7. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment.

8. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I’ve known him for years.

Ex . 10. Выберите глаголы в действительном или страдательном залоге.

1. Canals (link/are linked) many rivers in Great Britain.

2. The book (consists/is consisted) of 4 parts.

3. William the Conqueror (defeated/was defeated) King of England and (built/was built) an abbey near the place of battle.

4. The first Olympic games (held/were held) in Greece in 777 B.C.

5. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.

6. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs.

7. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room.

8. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift.

Ex. 11. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice.

1. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book.

2. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest.

3. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.

4. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.

5. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

Ex. 12. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Active или Present Simple Passive

1. Моей сестре часто помогают в школе.

2. Я иногда забываю взять дневник.

3. Он пишет много писем.

4. Книги А. Кристи читают с интересом.

5. Собаки любят кости.

6. Собак любят во многих семьях.

7. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай?

8. Где хранят старые письма?

9. Почему эти правила всегда забывают?

10. Почему вы всегда забываете эти правила?

11. Где живут ваши друзья?

12. Где покупают хлеб?

13. Когда задают вопросы?

Ex . 13.

1. Учитель поставил мне хорошую оценку.

2. Дома меня похвалили.

3. Эти письма принесли утром.

4. Мой портфель купили в прошлом году.

5. Эти орехи съели вчера.

6. Где вы купили эту книгу?

7. Где купили эту книгу?

8. Когда сварили обед?

9. Когда разбили чашку?

10. Когда ты разбил чашку?

11. Что ему обещали?

12. Когда починили машину?

13. Когда исправили ошибку?

Ex . 14.

1. Билеты принесут завтра.

2. Диктант будут писать в следующий вторник.

3. Маму попросят не беспокоиться.

4. Маме дадут чашечку кофе.

5. Мама поблагодарит доктора.

6. Телеграмма будет отправлена сейчас же.

7. Ковер повесят на стену.

8. Книги положат на полку.

9. Когда пошлют письмо?

10. Когда проверят контрольную работу?

11. Как будут делать эту работу?

Passive Voice .

1.

2) Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice .

I.

Passive Voice .

Passive Voice .

1)Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice .

1. I bought potatoes yesterday. 2. We shall bring the books tomorrow. 3. They are repairing the clock now. 4. They sell milk in this shop. 5. I have trans­lated the whole text. 6. They broke the window last week. 7. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 8. We shall do the work in the evening. 9. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 10. They were playing tennis from four till five. 11. He stole a lot of money from the shop. 12. By six o"clock they had finished the work. 13. At twelve o"clock the workers were loading the trucks. 14. By three o"clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 15. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year. 16. They will show this film on TV. 17. They are building a new concert-hall in our street. 18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 22. They have forgotten the story. 23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you? 24. They haven"t brought back my skates.

2) Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

I. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly. 2. They have recently built a huge plant, in the town of N. 3. We must finish the work by tomorrow. 4. When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor. 5. They looked for the girl everywhere. 6. They did not listen to the boy. 7. She looks after the patients well. 8. They asked for our address. 9. My father looked through these papers this morning- Ю- He will give my brother English lessons. 1.1. A friend of his has shown me an interesting magazine. 12. His friend told him everything. 13. They showed Helen the nearest way to the thea­tre. 14. He gave his patient some good advice. 15. Mary has told me the news. 16. The people looked at the little boy with interest. 17. They ex­amined the paper attentively.

3) Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice .

1. We asked him about his holidays. 2. They have already discussed the novel. 3. He did not give me his address. 4. She showed him the way to the metro station. 5. He will introduce me to his friends. 6. They are building a bridge over the river. 7. I haven"t yet translated the article. 8. We were look­ing at the man with great surprise. 9. You will speak about the film at the lesson. 10. The head­mistress sent for the pupil"s parents. 11. Has the secretary typed the letters? - No, she is typing them now.

4)Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice .

1. We turn on the light when it is dark. 2. The students finished their translation in time. 3. Helen washed the dishes. 4. Betty often took her young­er brother for a walk. 5. Mother has made some coffee. 6. Have you ironed your dress yet? 7. Nina mispronounced this word. 8. They have told her the truth. 9. She promised us an interesting enter­tainment. 10. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. 11. I shall finish my work about seven o"clock. 12. Somebody has opened the door. 1.3. The waitress brought in the coffee. 14. One of my friends took me to the cinema last week. 15. We shall finish this work in time. 16. They built this house in 1960. 17. They were selling new children"s books in that shop when I entered it yesterday. 18. A large group of young people joined us on our way to the station. 19. A young teacher started a school in this village. 20. He has just interrupted me. 21. The teacher has explained it to us.

1) Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. I bought potatoes yesterday. 2. We shall bring the books tomorrow. 3. They are repairing the clock now. 4. They sell milk in this shop. 5. I have trans­lated the whole text. 6. They broke the window last week. 7. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 8. We shall do the work in the evening. 9. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 10. They were playing tennis from four till five. 11. He stole a lot of money from the shop. 12. By six o"clock they had finished the work. 13. At twelve o"clock the workers were loading the trucks. 14. By three o"clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 15. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year. 16. They will show this film on TV. 17. They are building a new concert-hall in our street. 18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 22. They have forgotten the story. 23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you? 24. They haven"t brought back my skates.

2) Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

I. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly. 2. They have recently built a huge plant, in the town of N. 3. We must finish the work by tomorrow. 4. When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor. 5. They looked for the girl everywhere. 6. They did not listen to the boy. 7. She looks after the patients well. 8. They asked for our address. 9. My father looked through these papers this morning- Ю- He will give my brother English lessons. 1.1. A friend of his has shown me an interesting magazine. 12. His friend told him everything. 13. They showed Helen the nearest way to the thea­tre. 14. He gave his patient some good advice. 15. Mary has told me the news. 16. The people looked at the little boy with interest. 17. They ex­amined the paper attentively.

3) Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice .

1. We asked him about his holidays. 2. They have already discussed the novel. 3. He did not give me his address. 4. She showed him the way to the metro station. 5. He will introduce me to his friends. 6. They are building a bridge over the river. 7. I haven"t yet translated the article. 8. We were look­ing at the man with great surprise. 9. You will speak about the film at the lesson. 10. The head­mistress sent for the pupil"s parents. 11. Has the secretary typed the letters? - No, she is typing them now.

4)Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice .

1. We turn on the light when it is dark. 2. The students finished their translation in time. 3. Helen washed the dishes. 4. Betty often took her young­er brother for a walk. 5. Mother has made some coffee. 6. Have you ironed your dress yet? 7. Nina mispronounced this word. 8. They have told her the truth. 9. She promised us an interesting enter­tainment. 10. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. 11. I shall finish my work about seven o"clock. 12. Somebody has opened the door. 1.3. The waitress brought in the coffee. 14. One of my friends took me to the cinema last week. 15. We shall finish this work in time. 16. They built this house in 1960. 17. They were selling new children"s books in that shop when I entered it yesterday. 18. A large group of young people joined us on our way to the station. 19. A young teacher started a school in this village. 20. He has just interrupted me. 21. The teacher has explained it to us.

Сегодня мы рассмотрим с Вами правила употребления страдательного залога в английском языке. Грамматический феномен, по-английски называемый Passive Voice, на русский переводится как пассивный залог или страдательный залог.

Passive Voice правила употребления будут сопровождаться упражнениями на отработку. Начнем!

План статьи:

Что такое пассивный залог?

В английском языке залог указывает на то, выполняет ли подлежащее действие самостоятельно (активный / действительный залог), или действие совершается над ним (пассивный / страдательный залог). Таким образом, есть два залога:

  • Active Voice
  • Passive Voice

совершающий действие , то сказуемое употребляется в форме действительного залога.

My boss gave me a bonus. – Начальник выдал мне премию (начальник сам выдал).

The hurricane ruined his house. Ураган разрушил его дом (ураган сам разрушил).

Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, сказуемое употребляется в форме страдательного залога.

I was given a bonus. – Мне дали премию

His house was ruined. – Его дом был разрушен.

Когда употребляется страдательный залог?

Существует мнение, что следует избегать употребления страдательного залога особенно в письменной речи, чтобы не усложнять высказывание. Это действительно так: не нужно употреблять страдательный залог там, где можно употребить действительный. Когда стоит употреблять пассивный залог? Есть несколько случаев:

  • Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, неизвестно.

Our house was broken into last week. – Наш дом ограбили на прошлой неделе.

  • Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, не важен.

The job will be finished by Monday. – Работа будет закончена к понедельнику.

  • Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, очевиден из контекста.

My brother was fined for driving without license. – Моего брата оштрафовали за вождение без прав.

  • когда мы заинтересованы в действии, а не в деятеле (в новостях, инструкциях, заголовках, объявлениях).

The international exhibition of sport equipment will be held next month. – Международная выставка спортивного оборудования будет проведена в следующем месяце.

  • Для описания процесса приготовления, инструкция проведения исследований и пр.

Water is heated and added to the mixture. – Вода нагревается и добавляется к смеси.

  • В официальных объявлениях, в научных докладах.

Much research has been conducted on this topic. – Множество исследований было проведено по этой теме.

Прежде, чем перейти к следующему блоку правил, давайте закрепим полученную информацию и выполним упражнение.

Упражнение 1. Соотнесите предложения 1 - 8 с правилами употребления пассивного залога a - e.

1 – b/e, 2 - ? ...

  1. Smoking is not allowed in the reception room.
  2. Talks will be held in Stockholm next week.
  3. Fees must be paid in advance.
  4. The kidnappers have been arrested.
  5. Cars left here will be towed away.
  6. The research was carried out last year.
  7. The check must be signed.
  8. All the documents have been stolen.
  1. неизвестно, кто выполняет действие.
  2. неважно, кто выполняет действие.
  3. из контекста ясно, кто выполняет действие.
  4. газетный заголовок (название статьи), привлекающий внимание к происходящим событиям,
  5. описание процесса в инструкциях, научных работах, собственно инструкции, правила

Упражнение 2 . Подумайте, какое из предложений лучше использовать – в активном залоге или в пассивном.

  1. There’s going to be a big art exhibition.

a) A lot of visitors will be attracted to it

b) It will attract a lot of visitors.

2. Telephone is an apparatus with which people can talk to each other over long distances.

b) A. Bell invented the telephone.

3. Alexander Bell is a British inventor who went to live in Canada and then in the USA.

a) The telephone was invented by A. Bell.

b) A. Bell invented the telephone,

4. We’ve bought a new computer.

a) It can do the job much more quickly.

b) The job can be done much more quickly.

Образование форм Passive Voice

Временные формы страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола «to be» в соответствующем времени и смыслового глагола в форме причастия прошедшего времени Past Participle (третья форма глагола).

Таким образом, общая схема образования представлена на картинке:

Образование времен в пассивном залоге

Таблица временных форм пассивного залога:

A picture is painted

A picture is being painted

A picture has been painted

A picture was painted

A picture was being painted

A picture had been painted

A picture will be painted

A picture will have been painted

Future - in - the - Past

A picture would be painted

A picture would have been painted

Таким образом, при изменении времени в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол «to be» , смысловой глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму – третью (Past Participle / Participle II.

Выбор временных форм пассивного залога осуществляется на основании тех же правил, что и соответствующих форм активного залога. Наречия времени могут служить маркерами при выборе необходимой формы.

Обратите внимание , что в пассивном залоге отсутствует группа времен Perfect Continuous, нет здесь и формы Future Continuous.

При образовании вопросов в пассивном залоге перед подлежащим ставится либо сам глагол «to be» в соответствующем времени, либо вспомогательный глагол употребляемого грамматического времени.

При образовании отрицательной формы частица not ставится:

1) либо после глагола «to be»

2) либо после вспомогательного глагола употребляемого грамматического времени.

Утверждение

Отрицание

Вопрос

He is not asked.

He was not asked

Не will be asked

Не won"t be asked

Will hе be asked

Не is being asked

Не is not being asked

Is hе being asked

He was being asked

He was not being asked

Was he being asked

He has been asked

He hasn’t been asked

Has he been asked

He had been asked

He hadn’t been asked

Had he been asked

На сайте есть упражнения на следующие времена страдательного залога:

Давайте немного попрактикуемся в использовании времен пассивного залога.

Упражнение 3 . Напишите нужную форму глагола do.

  1. The work ____________ at the moment.
  2. The work _______ by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
  3. The work _______ by the time you come home.
  4. The work _______ by the time he came home.
  5. The work __________ yet.
  6. The work ______ just ______.
  7. The work _________ while I was getting ready for classes.
  8. The work __________ two weeks later.
  9. The work __________ when I entered the room.

Упражнение 4 . Расскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужном времени пассивного или активного залога.

The College 1______ officially _________ (open) last week. The college campus 2_________ (build) around a main square. This is the heart of the college as all the paths and walkways lead out from this point. Car parking 3____________ (limit) and, in fact, students 4_________ (not encourage) to come by car as the college 5______________ (serve) by a new bus service. The college 6 _______ (situate) outside the city that’s why it 7________ (be) necessary to include major facilities like banks, shops and post office.

There 8______ (be) already two open days and a third open 9______ (plan) for next week. So whether you want to start studying or not why don’t you go out to Hardacre and see everything it has to offer.

Как перевести предложение из активного залога в пассивный?

Для перевода предложения из активного залога в пассивный нужно предпринять несколько шагов.

  1. Находим в предложении подлежащее и дополнение.

Somebody has stolen my car .

Somebody – подлежащее, my car – дополнение.

  1. Определяем время предложения.

В нашем случае это Present Perfect.

  1. Образуем предложение в пассивном залоге. Дополнение становиться на место подлежащего. Для правильного образования временной формы ставим глагол to be во время исходного предложения и прибавляем третью форму смыслового глагола.

My car has been stolen.

Иногда в предложении есть 2 дополнения, соответственно мы можем сделать несколько вариантов предложений в страдательном залоге.

My brother gave me a dictionary . (Два дополнения – me и a dictionary)

I was given a dictionary.

A dictionary was given to me.

Предпочтительным является первый вариант, в котором подлежащее выражено одушевленным местоимением, но оба варианта допустимы.

С двумя дополнениями употребляются следующие глаголы:

А теперь немного практики.

Упражнение 5. Преобразуйте предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

  1. They are now building new hospitals in the provinces.
  2. Will they publish her new novel next year?
  3. They will have completed the new petrol station by winter.
  4. The police have just arrested Jimmy on suspicion of murder.
  5. They cut the gas off because Mr. and Mrs. Green hadn’t paid their bill.
  6. They will open a new hotel next week.
  7. Our managers discuss important matters every Tuesday.
  8. The government closed the plant last year.

Упражнение 6 . Преобразуйте предложения из пассивного залога в активный, добавив лицо либо предмет, совершающего действие, где это необходимо.

  1. Return tickets should have been reserved two weeks ago.
  2. Two single rooms had been booked for the friends by their travel agent.
  3. The pyramids are being ruined by the tourists.
  4. The new sofa will have been delivered by noon.
  5. When will Molly be told the time of his arrival?
  6. Why hasn’t my car been repaired yet?
  7. An ancient settlement has been uncovered by archaeologists.
  8. Hundreds of rare birds are killed every day.
  9. The picnic was ruined by bad weather.
  10. Who were these roses planted for?

Употребление предлогов by, with в Passive Voice

Предлоги by и with употребляются при необходимости упоминания лица или предмета, осуществляющего действие, а также предмета, являющегося инструментом действия или материалом, с помощью которого действие производится

Предлог by используется, чтобы сказать, что или кто выполнил действие.

The cake was cooked by my Granny.

Предлог with употребляется для того, чтобы рассказать какой инструмент или материал был использован.

The bread was cur with a knife.

Мы уже знаем, что в Passive Voice можно и вовсе не употреблять предлоги by и with, так как упоминание действующего лица и тем более материала или инструмента необязательно.

Однако в вопросительных конструкциях в пассивном залоге, начинающихся с who (кем?) и иногда с what (чем?) всегда присутствует предлог by.

Who was the Mona Lisa painted by? – Кем была написана Мона Лиза?

What was the flood caused by? – Чем было вызвано наводнение.

Обратите внимание, что возможна и такая форма постановки вопроса, когда предлог стоит на первом месте, что более характерно для официального стиля.

By whom was Australia discovered?

By what was the flood caused?

With what was the window broken?

Давайте немного попрактикуемся!

Упражнение 7 . Заполните пропуски предлогами with или by.

  1. In his childhood Tom used to be beaten ____ a stick.
  2. My parents were married ____ a priest.
  3. Molly’s bedroom wall was covered ____ posters.
  4. The house was surrounded ___ flowerbeds.
  5. His shorts were covered ___ mud.
  6. Tom had been stabbed ___ a penknife.
  7. The deer was shot ___ a hunter ___ rifle.
  8. Soup is eaten ___ a spoon.
  9. The new swimming pool has been just opened ___ the mayor.
  10. During the robbery, the manager was hit ____ a baseball bat.
  11. Extra training was provided ____ the company.
  12. This story was written ___ Agatha Christie.
  13. The bear was shot ____ a gun.
  14. Trained dogs are used ____ the police.
  15. The hall was decorated _____ pink and purple balloons.
  16. University laboratories are equipped _____ up-to-date devices.
  17. Rare books, issued ____ British publishers, are being shown at the exhibition.

Модальные глаголы в пассивном залоге.

Если в состав сказуемого в активном залоге входят модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты, то в страдательном залоге это сказуемое будет выглядеть следующим образом:

модальный глагол + be + Past Participle

We must finish work in May. (Мы должны закончить работу в мае.) – Our work must be finished in May.

You can buy this book in any bookshop. (Вы можете купить эту книгу в любом книжном магазине.) – This book can be bought in any bookshop.

Обратите внимание, что после глаголов hear, help, make (в значении «заставлять»), see в страдательных оборотах следует инфинитив с частицей to.

I was made to wash the dishes. – Меня заставили помыть посуду.

Molly will be helped to finish her project. – Молли помогут завершить ее проект.

Ответы к упражнениям.

Упражнение 1.

1 – b/е, 2 – b/d, 3 – е, 4 – с,d, 5 – b/е, 6 – b, 7 – c/е, 8 — a

Упражнение 2 .

1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – b, 4 — a

Упражнение 3.

1 is being done, 2 will be done, 3 will have been done, 4 had been done, 5 hasn’t been done, 6 has just been done, 7 was being done, 8 will be done, 9 was being done

Упражнение 4.

1 was officially opened, 2 is/was built, 3 is limited, 4 are not encouraged, 5 is served, 6 is situated, 7 has been, 8 have already been, 9 is planned

Упражнение 5.

  1. New hospitals are now being built in the provinces.
  2. Will her new novel be published next year?
  3. The new petrol station will have been completed by winter.
  4. Jimmy has just been arrested on suspicion of murder.
  5. The gas was cut off because the bill hadn’t been paid by Mr. and Mrs. Green.
  6. A new hotel will be opened next week.
  7. Important matters are discussed (by our managers) every Tuesday.
  8. The plant was closed last year.

Упражнение 6.

  1. We should have reserved return tickets two weeks ago.
  2. The travel agent had booked two single rooms for the friends.
  3. The tourists are ruining the pyramids.
  4. They will have delivered the sofa by noon.
  5. When will Tom tell Molly the time of his arrival?
  6. Why haven’t you repaired my car yet?
  7. Archaeologists have uncovered an ancient settlement.
  8. People kill hundreds of rare birds every day.
  9. Bad weather ruined the picnic.
  10. For whom did you plant these roses?

Упражнение 7.

1 with, 2 by, 3 with, 4 with, 5 with, 6 with, 7 by,with, 8 with, 9 by, 10 with, 11 by, 12 by, 13 with, 14 by, 15 with, 16 with, 17 by

Надеюсь, эти правила и упражнения помогли Вам разобраться в теме The Passive Voice.