Back forward
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
Lesson objectives:
- Reveal the ideological content of the tale through text analysis.
- Development of monologue and dialogic speech of students.
- Development of students’ mental activity: ability to analyze, synthesize, generalize.
- Developing the ability to compare different types art.
- Development of expressive text reading skills.
- Formation of moral orientations to recognize true and false values.
- Identifying the relevance of the work for modern schoolchildren.
- Creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions for personal growth every student.
Methods and techniques: verbal, visual and illustrative, problematic.
Equipment:
- Computer.
- Projector.
- Presentation " Moral Lessons life. Analysis of the tale “ Black chicken, or underground inhabitants.”
- Cartoon“Black chicken.”
- Exhibition of drawings by students based on A. Pogorelsky’s fairy tale “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants.”
During the classes
1. Organizational moment. Checking the class's readiness for the lesson.
2. Main part.
Teacher's word:
1. Setting goals and objectives for students.
2. For correct answers in the lesson and additions, students will receive tokens, according to the number of which they will receive grades at the end of the lesson. A score of “5” is given for collecting 6 or more tokens, a score of “4” is given for collecting 5 tokens.
3. A story about a writer (slide 2-12)A carriage rides through the cold streets of winter St. Petersburg. Her passenger - a gray-haired man with surprisingly kind and somehow childish eyes - was deep in thought. He thinks about the boy he is going to visit. This is his nephew, little Alyosha.
The crew stops, and the passenger with a slightly sad, but boyishly brave face thinks about how lonely his little friend is, whom his parents sent to a boarding school and rarely even visit. Only his uncle often goes to see Alyosha, because he is very attached to the boy and because he well remembers his loneliness in the same boarding house many years ago.
Who is this man?
This is Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky. The son of a nobleman, the rich and powerful Count Alexei Kirillovich Razumovsky, who owned the village of Perovo near Moscow and the village of Pogoreltsy, Sosnitsky district, Chernigov province, 53 thousand serfs. The count himself was the grandson of the registered Cossack Gregory Rozum, the son of the last Ukrainian hetman, an influential nobleman of Catherine the Great and the most prominent Russian freemason.
The son of such a man could have been a prince, but Alexei was illegitimate. Although, being in the position of pupils in their father’s house, the Perovskys received an excellent education. There is evidence that Count Alexei Kirillovich was especially favored by the eldest, Alexei. But he was a hot-tempered man, capable of terrible outbursts of anger. And in one of these evil moments, he sent his son to a closed boarding school.
How alone Alyosha was in the cold government rooms! He was very sad and then one day he decided to run away from the boarding house. The memory of the escape remained for the rest of his life with a limp: Alyosha fell from the fence and injured his leg.
Then Alyosha grew up. In August 1805, Alexey entered Moscow University and in October 1807 graduated with a doctorate in philosophy and literature.
In the same 1807, his literary debut took place: he translated N.M. Karamzin's story " Poor Lisa" and published his translation with a dedication to his father.
For two years, he led the life of a diligent official: he served in the Senate, traveled with audits in Russian provinces, and then, settling in Moscow, he became a good friend of V.A. Zhukovsky, P.A. Vyazemsky, V.L. Pushkin, I.A. Krylov and other writers of the “friendly artel” and one of the founders of the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature”. He was friends with Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who greatly appreciated his kind soul.
The year 1812 came, and Anthony Pogorelsky fought against Napoleon as the headquarters captain of the Third Ukrainian Regiment; even his lameness did not prevent him from being a brave military officer.
He returned to St. Petersburg in 1816 and changed his military uniform to that of an official - a court councilor. However, soon circumstances developed in such a way that he was in his care with a sister and a one-and-a-half-month-old nephew, whom he took to his hereditary Little Russian estate Pogoreltsy.
Here, while engaged in gardening, supplying ship timber to the Nikolaev shipyards, serving as a trustee of the Kharkov educational district and - most of all - raising his nephew Alyosha, Perovsky composed the first fantastic stories in Russia.
First, in 1825, in the St. Petersburg magazine "News of Literature" he published - under the pseudonym "Antony Pogorelsky" - "Lafertov's Poppy Tree". Three years later, the book "The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia", the fairy tale "The Black Hen, or the Underground residents”, and then the novel “Monastery” will be added to the creative baggage.
The writer's literary heritage is small, but even it has barely been studied. His archive disappeared almost without a trace, carelessly left by the writer to the will of fate and chance. In the last years of his life, having completely abandoned literary activity, indifferent to literary fame, Pogorelsky cared little about him. According to legend, the manager of his estate, a passionate gourmet, squandered his patron’s papers on his favorite food - cutlets in papillottes. ( Papillot - a paper tube placed on the legs of chickens, turkeys, game, as well as on the bones of chops when frying them. (Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova))
Pogorelsky wrote several books for adults, but one of his books was especially important for him - this is his fairy tale “The Black Hen”. He wrote it for his nephew. Little Alyosha told Pogorelsky how, while walking in the boarding house yard, he made friends with a chicken, how he saved it from the cook, who wanted to make broth. And then, under the pen of Pogorelsky, this real incident turned into a fairy tale, kind and wise.
In the summer of 1836, A.A. Perovsky went to Nice for treatment of “chest disease” (coronary heart disease) and died in Warsaw on the way there. His sister Anna and nephew Alexey were with him.
Perovsky’s nephew, the same one to whom the fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” is dedicated, grew up and became a wonderful and famous writer himself. This is Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy.
4. Literary quiz (slide 13-33)
Name real name and the surname of the writer Antony Pogorelsky. |
Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky |
What sights are mentioned at the beginning of Antony Pogorelsky’s story “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants”? |
St. Isaac's Square, Peter the Great Monument, Admiralty, Horse Guards Manege |
| What was Alyosha’s only consolation on Sundays and holidays? | Reading books |
| Name the cook who was supposed to destroy Chernushka | Trinushka |
| What were the names of boys' bedrooms in the 19th century? | Dormitory |
| During the festive dinner in honor of the director, many delicious dishes were served for dessert, including bergamots. What it is? | Pear variety |
| Why did Alyosha's first attempt to get into the underground kingdom end in failure? | Alyosha woke up the knights |
| “Then she cackled in a strange voice, and suddenly, out of nowhere, small candles appeared in silver chandeliers...” What are “chandeliers”? | Candlesticks |
| What animals were in the royal menagerie? | Big rats, moles, ferrets |
| What were the paths in the underground kingdom strewn with? | Different stones: diamonds, yachts, emeralds and amethysts |
| “The trees also seemed extremely beautiful to Alyosha, although at the same time very strange. | They were of different colors: red, green, brown, white, blue and purple. When it looked at them with attention, I saw that it was...” |
It was a different kind of moss
5. Analysis of A. Pogorelsky’s fairy tale “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants.” Conversation with students (Slides 34-41)
– Tell us about Alyosha’s life in the boarding school (verbal drawing or retelling of the text)
– Watch a fragment of the animated film and try to determine whether there is a difference in the depiction of the rescue of Chernushka by Antony Pogorelsky and the creators of the cartoon.
(The difference is that Antony Pogorelsky in the fairy tale shows how Alyosha asks the cook Trinushka not to cut the chicken. In the cartoon, the rescue scene is presented differently: a kite suddenly swoops in, Alyosha boldly rushes at it with a stick and beats Chernushka off).
– Why do you think Chernushka decided to tell Alyosha her secret?
(Alyosha was a kind boy. Chernushka wanted to thank the boy for saving her life. Chernushka probably wanted to make Alyosha’s life more interesting and educational).
– Watch a fragment of an animated film. What interesting trees grew in the fairy garden?
(There were trees whose fruits could make a person wise; on another tree the seeds of kindness ripened; a tree of health grew).
– Watch a fragment of an animated film. What changed in Alyosha himself, around him, when he received a hemp seed?
(“With trepidation, he approached the teacher, opened his mouth, not yet knowing what to say, and - unmistakably, without stopping, he said what was asked. For several weeks, the teachers could not praise Alyosha enough. He knew all the lessons, without exception, perfectly, all the translations from one language to another were without errors, so they could not be surprised at his extraordinary success. He began to think a lot, put on airs in front of the other boys and imagined that he was much better and smarter than all of them. Alyosha’s character completely deteriorated from this: from being kind, sweet. and a modest boy, he became proud and disobedient. Alyosha became a terrible naughty boy. Having no need to repeat the lessons that were assigned to him, he indulged in pranks while other children were preparing for classes, and this idleness spoiled his character even more. when he was a kind and modest child, everyone loved him, and if he was punished, everyone felt sorry for him, and this served him as a consolation. But now no one paid attention to him: everyone looked at him with contempt and did not. They didn’t say a word to him.” Page 75-80)
- Why didn’t praise for excellent answers give Alyosha pleasure at first?
(“An inner voice told him that he did not deserve this praise, because this lesson did not cost him any work. Alyosha was internally ashamed of these praises: he was ashamed that they set him up as an example to his comrades, when he did not deserve it at all. Conscience She often reproached him for this, and an inner voice told him: “Alyosha, don’t be proud! Don’t attribute to yourself what does not belong to you; thank fate for the fact that it brought you benefits against other children, but don’t think that you are better. them. If you don’t correct yourself, then no one will love you, and then you, with all your learning, will be the most unfortunate child!”
– What advice does Chernushka give to Alyosha before the boy completely loses himself?
(“Do not think that it is so easy to recover from vices when they have taken over us. Vices usually enter through the door and exit through a crack, and therefore, if you want to improve, you must constantly and strictly watch yourself.” Page 81 )
– Do Chernushka’s advice coincide with the teacher’s conclusions?
(Yes. Both Chernushka and the teacher agree that idleness corrupts a person, work is a condition for a person’s moral beauty. “The more abilities and gifts you have by nature, the more modest and obedient you should be. That’s not why God gave you mind, so that you use it for evil.” P. 84)
- Why did Alyosha betray Chernushka?
(He was afraid of punishment). Watching a fragment of an animated film.
– The fairy tale ends tragically. The inhabitants of the underground kingdom have left, Alyosha is punished for betrayal. Watch a fragment of an animated film. Does Chernushka believe that Alyosha will improve?
(Yes. Only a believer can say this: “I forgive you; I can’t forget that you saved my life, and I still love you... You can only console me in my misfortune: try to improve and be again the same kind boy as you were before.” pp. 86-88)
- Has Alyosha recovered?
(Yes. He “tried to be obedient, kind, modest and diligent. Everyone loved him again and began to caress him, and he became an example for his comrades.” Page 88)
- Conclusions. Writing in a notebook.
The book reminds us of the main thing: we are all pure and noble at heart, but we must cultivate the Good within ourselves. To be able to be grateful, responsible, to earn the love and respect of others - all this requires effort. Otherwise, there is no other way, and trouble may threaten not only us, but also those whom we love and who trust us. A real Miracle can only happen once, and you have to be worthy of it...
Moral Lessons in Life
- You cannot put yourself above other people, even if you know and can do a lot.
- We must develop modesty, hard work, diligence, a sense of duty, honesty, respect for people, and kindness.
- You have to be strict with yourself.
6. Psychological and pedagogical situation (students work on pieces of paper in class).
Guys, imagine that you are in fairy world underground kingdom. And the king offers you a reward for saving Chernushka. You already know what Alyosha asked. What would you ask?
Student answers:
I would ask for a grain of health, because health is the most important thing. (3 persons).
I would ask that there never be winter.
I would ask Chernushka to be honest, not to lie to other people, to study well.
7. Students work with illustrations. Tell what episode of the fairy tale is depicted in the picture. Why was this particular fragment chosen?
8. Homework. At students' choice. (Slide 42)
1. Fill out the table “True and false values of life”
(The task should be completed approximately as follows:
2. Write your own version of the continuation of the fairy tale “What could have happened next?
– Alyosha became a sweet, modest boy. And then one day the garden appeared again, the underground inhabitants returned. Having learned about this, Alyosha immediately ran to look for Chernushka. He found her. He was so happy that he even cried and said: “I thought I would never see you!” To which Chernushka replied: “Well, I’m back, don’t cry!” This is how this instructive story about the boy Alyosha ended. (Malygina Svetlana).
–...A few years later, Alyosha’s parents came for him. For exemplary behavior, his parents took him on a trip to different countries. Of course, no one told the parents anything about this story. Then Alyosha grew up, entered a famous university, and studied with excellent marks. His parents were happy for him. (Koval Oksana).
9. Assessing student work.
Literature:
- Children's fairy tale magazine “Read It”, article “Author of “The Black Hen” Antony Pogorelsky (1787-1836). 2000. http://www.cofe.ru
- Korop V. Anthony Pogorelsky (1787-1836). http://www.malpertuis.ru/pogorelsky_bio.htm
- Malaya S. Anthony Pogorelsky. http://www.pogorelskiy.org.ru
- Pogorelsky A. Black chicken, or underground inhabitants. M.: Rosman. 1999. pp. 45-90.
The work “Black Chicken or Underground inhabitants"was written by Pogorelsky in 1829. There are facts that confirm that the fairy tale was written for the nephew of the writer Tolstoy, the future virtuoso of Russian literature. The story of the fairy tale began with little Tolstoy telling his uncle that he once played in the yard with a chicken. These words became the ancestors of a fairy tale that is still relevant today.
The author gave the work the subtitle “A Magic Tale for Children.” But, if we turn to literary criticism, then the story is a work of medium volume, in which there are several plot lines. But, in essence, this is not a story, since story line one and the volume of the work is closer to the story. This work can be classified as a fairy tale, because in addition to real events, it also contains fantastic ones.
The author constructed the plot in such a way that one can quite easily discern the dual worlds; it is always characteristic of romanticism. The reader reads about events in the real world, this is a boarding house, and also in the fictional world, in the work this is an underground kingdom. Pogorelsky is prone to romanticism, perhaps due to the fact that he served with Hoffmann. The main theme of the tale is the adventure of Alyosha, who is looking for adventure either in the underground kingdom or in a boarding house. The author in the work is trying to say that it is very important to keep your word, and it is also better to do something yourself. In addition, in the work you can see the idea that you cannot put yourself above others.
From the very beginning of the work, the reader is immersed in it, because almost from the first lines the author takes the reader to the city of St. Petersburg. In almost two paragraphs, the author describes the city and the boarding house in which the events directly take place. Central character is Alyosha, and also Chernushka, the chicken. The supporting characters are the teacher, the cook and Holland's grandmothers. In addition to these characters, there are also teams, such as boarding house students and dungeon dwellers.
All events occur in a chain, everything is logical. Alyosha meets people at the boarding house, then a chicken, and soon saves Chernushka. Next, the boy ends up with the minister in a dungeon and studies with a hemp seed. Then he loses this seed, but in the end Alyosha fixed everything, and everything that now looked like a vague dream.
Thanks to the “two worlds”, the author was able to show with the help of the work many problems that are eternal, and therefore relevant today. This fairy tale is a kind of example of how to present eternal problems to the reader. This work is very useful for children to read, but it is equally important for adults to read the work.
Detailed analysis
It is no coincidence that Anton Pogorelsky’s tale is studied in school curriculum. This is wonderful literary work. Recognizable, original, Russian.
It seems like a fairy tale, but it’s not like any of the ones we know. There's more to this tale real events than fiction.
The action takes place not in the Three-Ninth Kingdom, but in St. Petersburg, on Vasilyevsky Island. The boy Alyosha's parents send him to a boarding house, paying for his education several years in advance. For some everyday reason, they completely forget about their son.
Alyosha is homesick and misses his parents. He feels his loneliness and abandonment especially acutely on holidays and weekends, when all his comrades go home. The teacher allows him to use his library. Alyosha reads a lot, especially novels about noble knights.
When the weather is good and he gets tired of reading, Alyosha goes out into the yard. The space of the yard is limited by a fence made of baroque boards, beyond which he is not allowed to go. He loves to watch the life of the alley through the holes made by wooden nails, which seem to have been drilled specially for him in the baroque boards by a kind sorceress.
Alyosha also made friends with chickens, especially Chernushka. He treated her to crumbs from the dinner table and talked to her for a long time. It seemed to him that she understood him and responded with sincere affection.
Wonderful style and language of the story: detailed, figurative. What is it worth, for example, to observe that people age over the years, but cities, on the contrary, become younger and prettier.
The characters in the tale are depicted with several precise strokes. But they appear before the reader’s imagination three-dimensionally, realistically, vividly. These are not cliché heroes, these are real people, characters, birds, beasts, animals.
The action in the story develops logically and sequentially. All residents of the estate in which the boarding house is located await the arrival of the school director on one of the weekends. His family of teachers is especially looking forward to it. They started cleaning the boarding house in the morning. Preparations are also underway in the kitchen.
Alyosha is not happy about these events. He noticed that usually on such days the number of chickens with whom he was accustomed to communicate decreases. Not without reason, he assumes that the cook is involved in this. So this time she went out into the yard with the intention of catching another chicken in order to prepare a meat dish from it for the holiday table.
The “branchy little girl” filled the boy with horror. She chased the chickens and caught his beloved Chernushka. It seemed to Alyosha that the chicken was calling him for help. Without hesitation, he rushed to the rescue. In surprise, the cook released the chicken from her hands, and it flew onto the roof of the barn. The angry Chukhonka shouted: “Why bother? He can’t do anything, he can’t sit still!”
To reassure the cook, Alyosha gives her a gold imperial, which was very dear to him, because his grandmother gave him the coin as a souvenir.
Then the guests arrived. Alyosha imagined the school directors as a knight in armor with a “feathered helmet” on his head. It turned out that he was a small, puny man with a bald head instead of a helmet, wearing a tailcoat instead of armor. He arrived in a cab, not on horseback. It was completely incomprehensible why everyone treated him with such respect.
Alyosha was dressed up and forced to portray a capable student in front of the guests. Tired of the day's events, he finally goes to bed.
This is where the fabulous events begin. The reader can guess: they happen in reality or in Alyosha’s dream.
Chernushka appears from under the sheet on the next bed. She speaks in a human voice. In gratitude for the rescue, he wants to show Alyosha a wonderful country with underground inhabitants. He warns that you will have to get into it through the rooms of hundred-year-old Dutch women who lived here in the boarding house, and about whom Alyosha had heard a lot. When passing through their rooms, nothing can be touched and nothing can be done.
Twice the hen led the boy into the underworld, and both times he disobeyed her. The first time I shook hands with the learned cat, the second time I nodded to the doll. Therefore, the knights descended from the walls and blocked the path to the underworld. Chernushka had to fight with the knights to get to the king.
In gratitude for saving his beloved minister (who turned out to be Chernushka), the king of the underworld gives Alyosha a wonderful hemp seed that can fulfill any desire.
Alyosha wanted to know everything about his studies, without preparing for lessons. At first, he surprised both his teachers and his comrades with his abilities, but then he had to admit that he received a wonderful gift from the king of the underworld.
Alyosha loses the grain, and with it his abilities. Chernushka and the underground inhabitants are not offended by him, although they had to leave their favorite places. Alyosha is given a chance to improve.
The fairy tale teaches that one must try to earn the respect of others. Undeserved success makes a person proud, arrogant, and arrogant. One lie leads to another. It is not easy to get rid of vices. But there is always a chance to start a new good life.
A fairy tale called “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” was written by the Russian writer A. Pogorelsky in 1829. But the work has not lost its relevance today. The fairy tale will be of interest to many schoolchildren, and for some it can serve as a real source of life wisdom.
How the book was created
Many schoolchildren liked the fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants.” Reader reviews of this book are very positive. However, not everyone knows for what purpose the fairy tale was originally created. This work was a gift to A. Tolstoy, for whom Pogorelsky replaced his father. Alexei Tolstoy was a relative paternal line of the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. It is known that over time, Alexey Nikolaevich also became a popular writer and even contributed to the creation of the famous image of Kozma Prutkov.
However, this awaited him only in the future, and for now the boy was causing a lot of difficulties for Pogorelsky due to the fact that he did not want to study. That is why Pogorelsky decided to compose a fairy tale that would encourage his pupil to work in his studies. Over time, the book became increasingly popular, and every schoolchild could write a review about it. "The Black Hen, or the Underground Dwellers" has become a classic for every student. Perhaps fans of the fairy tale will be interested to know that the surname Pogorelsky is actually a pseudonym. In fact, the writer's name was Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky.
The main character of the fairy tale, the scene of action
The main character of “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” is the boy Alyosha. The fairy tale begins with a story about the main character. The boy studies in a private boarding school and often suffers from his loneliness. He is tormented by longing for his parents, who, having paid money for education, live with their worries far from St. Petersburg. Books replace the emptiness in Alyosha’s soul and communication with loved ones. The child's imagination takes him to distant lands, where he imagines himself to be a valiant knight. Parents take other children away on weekends and holidays. But for Alyosha, books remain the only consolation. The setting of the fairy tale, as stated, is a small private boarding house in St. Petersburg, where parents send their children to study. Having paid money for their child’s education several years in advance, they, in fact, disappear from his life completely.
The beginning of the story
The main characters of “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” are the boy Alyosha and Chernushka, a character whom Alyosha meets in the poultry yard. It is there that the boy spends a significant part of his free time. He really enjoys watching how birds live. He especially liked the chicken Chernushka. It seems to Alyosha that Chernushka is silently trying to tell him something and has a meaningful look. One day Alyosha wakes up from Chernushka’s screams and saves a chicken from the hands of the cook. And with this act the boy discovers an unusual, fairy-tale world. This is how the fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” by Antony Pogorelsky begins.
Introduction to the Underworld
At night, Chernushka comes to the boy and begins to talk to him in a human voice. Alyosha was very surprised, but decided to follow Chernushka into the magical underground world where little people live. The king of this unusual people offers Alyosha any reward for his ability to save their minister, Chernushka, from death. But Alyosha could not come up with anything better than asking the king for a magical ability - to be able to answer correctly in any lesson, even without preparation. The king of the underground inhabitants did not like this idea, because it spoke of Alyosha’s laziness and carelessness.
A lazy student's dream
However, a word is a word, and he had to keep his promise. Alyosha received a special hemp seed, which he always had to carry with him in order to answer his homework. At parting, Alyosha was ordered not to tell anyone what he saw in the underworld. Otherwise, its inhabitants will have to leave their places, leave forever, and begin to build their lives in unknown lands. Alyosha swore that he would not break this promise.
Since then, the hero of the fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” becomes best student throughout St. Petersburg. He feels awkward at first as the teachers praise him completely undeserved. But soon Alyosha himself begins to believe that he is chosen and exceptional. He begins to be proud and often plays pranks. His character is getting worse and worse. Alyosha becomes more and more lazy, becomes angry, and shows impudence.
Plot development
It is not enough to familiarize yourself summary"The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants." This book is definitely worth reading, because it contains a lot of useful ideas, and its plot will be interesting to everyone. The teacher tries not to praise Alyosha anymore, but, on the contrary, tries to bring him to his senses. And he asks him to memorize as many as 20 pages of text. However, Alyosha loses the magic grain, and therefore can no longer answer the lesson. He is locked in his bedroom until he completes the teacher's assignment. But his lazy memory can no longer work so quickly do this work. At night, Chernushka reappears and returns him the precious gift of the underground king. Chernushka also asks him to correct himself and once again reminds him that he should remain silent about the magical kingdom. Alyosha promises to do both.
The next day main character fairy tale “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants” by Antony Pogorelsky brilliantly answers the lesson. But instead of praising his student, the teacher begins to interrogate him when he managed to learn the task. If Alyosha does not tell everything, he will be whipped. Out of fear, Alyosha forgot about all his promises and spoke about his acquaintance with the kingdom of the underground inhabitants, their king and Chernushka. But no one believed him, and still he was punished. Already at this stage one can understand the main idea of “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants.” Alyosha betrayed his friends, but the main vice that became the cause of all his troubles was banal laziness.
End of story
The inhabitants of the underworld had to leave their homes, Minister Chernushka was shackled, and the magic grain disappeared forever. Due to a painful feeling of guilt, Alyosha fell ill with a fever and did not get out of bed for six weeks. After recovery, the main character becomes obedient and kind again. His relationship with his teacher and comrades becomes the same as before. Alyosha becomes a diligent student, although not the best. This is the ending of the fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants.”
Main ideas of the tale
Chernushka gives Alyosha a lot of advice with which he could save himself and not become evil and lazy. The Minister of the Underworld warns him that it is not so easy to get rid of vices - after all, vices “enter through the door and come out through the crack.” It is worth noting that Chernushka’s advice coincides with the conclusions made by Alyosha’s school teacher. Labor, as both the teacher and the Black Hen believe, is the basis of morality and inner beauty of any person. Idleness, on the contrary, only corrupts - recalls Pogorelsky in the work “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants.” the main idea fairy tale - there is goodness in every person, but in order for it to manifest itself, you need to make efforts, try to cultivate and manifest it. No other way. If this is not done, trouble can fall not only on the person himself, but also on those close and dear to him who are close to him.
Lessons from the story
Pogorelsky's fairy tale is interesting not only for its magical plot, but also for the morality that Pogorelsky tried to convey to his pupil. There is very little left of the writer’s literary heritage, and that is why it is worth listening to the ideas that can be found in the works that have survived to our times. What does “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” teach and who will benefit from these lessons? They will be useful to every student, regardless of his academic performance. After all, they teach everyone to be better. And first of all, you should not try to put yourself above other people, even if you have any outstanding talents and abilities.
State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "MPGU"
Formation of the character of Alyosha, the main character of the fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants”
Work completed
Berdnikova Anna
I checked the work:
st.pr. Leontyeva I.S.
Moscow 2010
A. Pogorelsky's magical fairy tale “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants” in the list of Russian works classical literature For extracurricular reading attracts the attention of teachers because it makes it possible to introduce students to authentic a work of art, addressed to children.
In the history of Russian literature, the name of A. Pogorelsky is associated with the emergence of romantic prose in the 20s of the 19th century. His works affirm such moral values as honesty, selflessness, height of feelings, faith in goodness, and are therefore close to the modern reader.
Antony Pogorelsky (pseudonym of Alexei Alekseevich Perovsky) is the maternal uncle and educator of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, a poet, writer, playwright, whose name is closely connected with the village of Krasny Rog and the city of Pochep in the Bryansk region.
He was one of the most educated people of his time. Graduated from Moscow University in 1807, was a participant Patriotic War 1812, was a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, where he communicated with Ryleev, N. Bestuzhev, Kuchelbecker, F. Glinka. Pushkin knew and appreciated the stories of A. Pogorelsky. A. Pogorelsky's works include: “The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia”, “The Monastery”, “The Magnetizer” and others.
A fairy tale“The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants” was published by A. Pogorelsky in 1829. He wrote it for his pupil, nephew Alyosha, the future outstanding writer Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy.
The fairy tale has been living for the second century. L. Tolstoy loved to reread it to his children, and our children listen and read it with great pleasure.
Children are captivated fantastic events that happen in real life little pupil of a private boarding school Alyosha. They vividly perceive his worries, joys, sorrows, while realizing the clear and so important idea for them about the need to cultivate hard work, honesty, dedication, nobility, to overcome selfishness, laziness, selfishness, and callousness.
The language of the story is peculiar; it contains many words, for an explanation of the lexical meaning of which students should consult a dictionary. However, this circumstance does not in the least interfere with understanding the fairy tale, its main idea.
Uniqueness art world“The Black Hen” is largely due to the nature of creative interaction with the literature of German romanticism.
It is customary to name “The Elves” by L. Tick and “The Nutcracker” by E.-T.-A as the sources of the fairy tale. Hoffmann. Pogorelsky's familiarity with the work of German romantics is beyond doubt. The story of a 9-year-old boy who found himself in the magical world of underground inhabitants, and then betrayed their secret, dooming the little people to move to unknown lands, is very reminiscent of the plot situation of Tick’s “Elves” - a fairy tale in which the heroine named Marie, who visited in childhood in the amazingly beautiful world of elves, reveals their secret to her husband, forcing the elves to leave the land.
The lively fantastic flavor of the Underworld makes it similar to both the fairy-tale world of elves and the candy state in Hoffmann’s “The Nutcracker”: colorful trees, a table with all kinds of dishes, dishes made of pure gold, garden paths strewn with precious stones. Finally, the author's constant irony evokes associations with the irony of the German romantics.
However, in Pogorelsky it does not become all-consuming, although it receives many addresses. For example, Pogorelsky openly mocks the “teacher,” on whose head the hairdresser has piled a whole greenhouse of flowers, with two diamond rings shining between them. “An old, worn-out cloak” in combination with such a hairstyle reveals the squalor of the boarding house, occasionally, on the days of the arrival of significant persons, demonstrating the full power of servility and servility.
A striking contrast to all this is the inner world of Alyosha, devoid of hypocrisy, “whose young imagination wandered through knightly castles, through terrible ruins or through dark dense forests.” This is a purely romantic motive.
However, Pogorelsky was not just an imitator: mastering the experience of German romanticism, he made significant discoveries. In the center of the fairy tale is the boy Alyosha, while in fairy tales - sources there are two heroes - a boy and a girl. Boys (Anders in “Elves”, Fritz in “The Nutcracker”) are distinguished by their prudence, they strive to share all the beliefs of adults, so the path to the fairy-tale world, where girls discover a lot of interesting things, is closed to them.
German romantics divided children into ordinary children, that is, those who are unable to escape the confines of everyday life, and the elite.
“Such intelligent children do not last long, they are too perfect for this world...” the grandmother remarked about Elfrida, Marie’s daughter. The ending of Hoffmann’s “The Nutcracker” does not give any hope for happiness for Marie in “earthly life”: Marie, who gets married, becomes a queen in a country of sparkling candied fruit groves and ghostly marzipan castles. If we remember that the bride was only eight years old, it becomes clear that the realization of the ideal is possible only in the imagination.
Romance values the world of a child, whose soul is pure and naive, unclouded by calculation and oppressive worries, capable of creating in his rich imagination amazing worlds. In children we are given, as it were, the truth of life itself, in them its first word.
Pogorelsky, by placing the image of the boy Alyosha at the center of the fairy tale, demonstrated the ambiguity, versatility and unpredictability of the child’s inner world. If Hoffmann was saved by romantic irony, then L. Tieck’s tale, devoid of irony, amazes with hopelessness: with the departure of the elves, the prosperity of the region disappears, Elfrida dies, and after her her mother.
Pogorelsky’s tale is also tragic: it burns the heart and evokes the strongest compassion for Alyosha and the underground inhabitants. But at the same time, the fairy tale does not give rise to a feeling of hopelessness.
Despite the external similarity: brilliance, unearthly beauty, mystery - Underworld Pogorelsky is not like either the candy-puppet state in “The Nutcracker” or the country of eternal childhood in “Elves”.
Marie in Hoffmann's "The Nutcracker" dreams of Drosselmeier's gift - a beautiful garden, where "there is a large lake, miraculous swans with golden ribbons on their necks swim on it and sing beautiful songs." Once in the candy kingdom, she finds just such a lake there. The dream during which Marie travels to a magical world is a real reality for her. According to the laws of romantic dual worlds, this second, ideal world is the true one, since it realizes all the forces human soul. Dual worlds take on a completely different character in Pogorelsky.
Among Pogorelsky's underground inhabitants there are military men, officials, pages and knights. In Hoffmann’s candy-doll state there is “every kind of people you can find in this world.”
The wonderful garden in the Underworld is designed in English style; The precious stones strewn along the garden paths glisten from the light of specially installed lamps. In The Nutcracker, Marie “found herself in ... a meadow that sparkled like glittering precious stones, but ended up looking like candy.
The walls of the richly decorated hall seem to Alyosha to be made of “labradorite, like he saw in the mineral cabinet available in the boarding house.
All these rationalistic features, unthinkable in romanticism, allowed Pogorelsky, following the German romantics, to embody in the fairy-tale kingdom the child’s understanding of all aspects of existence, Alyosha’s ideas about the world around him. The underworld is a model of reality, according to Alyosha, a bright, festive, reasonable and fair reality.
A completely different kingdom of elves in Tika's fairy tale. This is the country of eternal childhood, where the hidden forces of nature reign - water, fire, treasures of the earth's bowels. This is the world to which the child’s soul is initially related. For example, nothing more than fire, the rivers of which “flow underground in all directions, and from this flowers, fruits and wine grow,” nothing more than the welcomingly smiling Marie, laughing and jumping creatures “as if from a ruddy crystal." The only imbalance in the carefree world of eternal childhood is the underground room where the prince of metals, “an old, wrinkled little man,” commands ugly gnomes carrying gold in bags, and grumbles at Cerina and Marie: “Forever the same pranks. When will this idleness end?
For Alyosha, idleness begins when he receives a magic seed. Having received freedom, now making no effort to study, Alyosha imagined that he was “much better and smarter than all the boys, and became a terrible naughty boy.” The loss of prudence and abandonment of it, Pogorelsky concludes, lead to sad consequences: the degeneration of the child himself and the suffering to which Alyosha doomed the underground inhabitants with his rebirth. “Elves” shows the fatal incompatibility of the beautiful world of childhood with reality, its inexorable laws; growing up turns into degeneration, the loss of everything bright, beautiful and valuable: “You people are growing up too quickly and are rapidly becoming adults and reasonable,” the elf argues Cerina. An attempt to combine ideal and reality leads to disaster.
In “The Black Hen,” Alyosha’s word not to reveal the secrets of the underground inhabitants means that he owns the happiness of an entire country of little people and the ability to destroy it. The theme of human responsibility not only for himself, but also for the well-being of the whole world, united and therefore fragile, arises.
This is how one of the global themes of Russian literature opens.
Inner world the child is not idealized by Pogorelsky. Prank and idleness, poeticized by Tick, lead to tragedy, which is being prepared gradually. On the way to the Underworld, Alyosha commits many rash acts. Despite numerous warnings from the Black Hen, he asks for the cat's paw and cannot resist bowing to the porcelain dolls... The disobedience of an inquisitive boy in the fairy-tale kingdom leads to a conflict with the wonderful world, awakening the forces of evil in him.