Bazarov and Arkady. The theme of friendship. Friendship is the spiritual closeness of people, mutual understanding, willingness to understand another person, to help him in a difficult situation. If there is no mutual understanding between friends, then there can be no true friendship. I. S. Turgenev writes about this in the novel “Fathers and Sons”.

His main character- Evgeny Bazarov. He is a man of new times, a nihilist. Bazarov is interested in natural sciences, is preparing to become a doctor, dreams of transformations in Russia, of improving the life of the peasantry. Arkady Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov precisely because he is not like others and is passionate about new ideas. Kirsanov tries to imitate his friend. But for Bazarov, Arkady is a young boy, a romantic, whom he treats with condescension.

Arkady and Evgeny were raised in different conditions. Kirsanov grew up in his father's rich landowner's house, and from childhood he was surrounded by parental care and affection. Life in the village flowed sleepily and leisurely. Nikolai Petrovich, his father, lived like other landowners, “occasionally went hunting and took care of the farm.”

Evgeniy's parents live much more modestly, in a small village house covered with a thatched roof. His family is closer to the common people: his father is a former military man, his mother is “a real Russian noblewoman of the past.” They live the old fashioned way, accustomed to work. And Evgeniy, in a dispute with Pavel Petrovich, proudly declares: “My grandfather plowed the land.” Evgeny was used to working since childhood, and even on vacation at the Kirsanov estate, “Arkady was sybaritizing, Bazarov was working.” He conducts experiments on frogs, treats ordinary people. Arkady is trying to help his friend, but I think that natural Sciences not his passion. He is closer to nature, music, poetry. And yet Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov as a person; it is not for nothing that he pronounces the word “nihilist” with such pathos. In the Kirsanovs' house, Bazarov is a stranger, the old people do not share his beliefs, they have their own principles.

It is strange to them that Bazarov denies art, poetry, religion, love. And it’s hard for Arkady to understand his friend’s beliefs, although he supports him. Kirsanov Jr. finds his happiness in his love for Katya Odintsova, because these heroes have a lot in common.

Family happiness is important to Arkady. Bazarov falls in love with Katya's sister, Anna Odintsova. However, Anna rejects his feelings. Gradually, Bazarov and Arkady become more and more distant from each other, because they do not have common interests. Moreover, Evgeny himself pushes his friend away: “You gentle soul, you weakling, where can you hate!.. You are a nice fellow, but you are still a soft, liberal gentleman...”

In my opinion, Bazarov himself is to blame for his loneliness. None of the people around him understand or accept nihilism. Evgeny himself pushes away both his sweet, kind parents and Arkady. Kirsanov is sorry to say goodbye to his friend, because his soul cannot hate someone or push someone away. If you want to have real friends, then you must accept them, perhaps come to terms with some shortcomings, and not impose your opinion. The strong, of course, can subjugate the weak, but this is not friendship, but only admiration. Real friendship is built on mutual understanding, common interests and the ability to give in.

In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel “Fathers and Sons.” In his novel, Turgenev showed a man new era- this is the democrat commoner Bazarov.

Throughout the entire novel, his friend Arkady is shown next to Bazarov. By their beliefs and origins, they belong to different social classes; according to their convictions, Bazarov is “a democrat to the core.” The friends study together at the medical faculty of the university; they have been connected by several years of friendship.

Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov and wants to be like him. He sincerely shares his views.

Arkady is forced to join the nihilists by “young courage and youthful enthusiasm.” But he is not guided by Bazarov’s ideas in life. They do not become an organic part of him, which is why he will so easily abandon them later. Bazarov says to Arkady: “Our dust will eat your eyes out, our dirt will stain you.” That is, Arkady is not ready for the tart, bitter life of a revolutionary. Bazarov, assessing the life of a revolutionary, is right on the one hand, but wrong on the other. Breaking existing foundations, traditions, and views always causes fierce resistance, and it’s hard for the progressive fighters. The revolutionary democratic ideal of happiness is revolutionary activity for the benefit of the people, despite personal adversity.

Arkady is not ready for this. Liberals do not “fight,” but “imagine themselves to be great; revolutionaries want to fight.” Giving an assessment of Arkady, Bazarov identifies him with the entire liberal camp. Spoiled by life in a noble estate, Arkady “involuntarily admires himself”; he enjoys “scolding himself.” This is boring for Bazarov, he “needs to break others.” Arkady only wanted to seem like a revolutionary, but in his heart he always remained a “liberal gentleman.”

Arkady appreciates Bazarov for his willpower, energy, and ability to work. At the Kirsanov estate, Bazarov is received cordially. Arkady asks his family to take care of Bazarov. But Bazarov’s revolutionary democracy does not at all fit in with the liberal aristocracy of the Kirsanov house. He does not fit into their life, full of idleness. And here, as a guest, Bazarov continues to work. The lifestyle of friends on the estate is expressed in the phrase: “Arkady was a sybaritist, Bazarov worked.” Bazarov conducts experiments, reads special books, collects collections, and treats village peasants. In the eyes of revolutionaries, work is a necessary condition of life. Arkady is never seen at work. Here, on the estate, Bazarov’s attitude to both nature and the people is revealed.

Bazarov considers nature not a temple, but a workshop, and a person in it as a worker. For Arkady, as for all the Kirsanovs, nature is an object of admiration and contemplation. For Bazarov this means lordship. He objects to prayerful contemplation of nature, lordly enjoyment of its beauty, he demands an active attitude towards it. He himself treats nature as a caring owner. Nature pleases him when he sees the fruits of active intervention in it. And here, too, the points of view of Arkady and Bazarov diverge, although Arkady does not talk about this.

The attitudes of Bazarov and Arkady to both love and women are different.

Bazarov is skeptical about love. He says that only a fool can feel free with a woman. But meeting Odintsova changes his views on love. She impresses Bazarov with her beauty, charm, and ability to behave with dignity and tact. Feelings for her arise when spiritual communication begins. She is smart, able to understand him.

I know Arkady

1. New!

   I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" was written in 1861 - at a time when the centuries-old foundations of Russia were changing. One of the themes of the work is eternal theme love. In the novel we see vivid love stories: the love story of Pavel Petrovich...

For more than half a century, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was at the center of the social and spiritual life of Russia and Western Europe, striving, in his own words, “during all this time... to embody into proper types what Shakespeare calls the very image...

In the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” political, philosophical and moral issues. The work touches on the so-called “eternal issues”: the relationship between the older and younger generations (“fathers and sons”), love and friendship, life choices...

2. New!

   1. New type of hero. 2. Features of the portrayal of “new” people in the novel. 3. The tragic loneliness of Bazarov as a “hero of the time.” 4. The open ending of the novel. I wanted to make him a tragic face... I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, big figure...

3. New!

The novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev already reflected the main conflict of the work in its title. Like a sharp gust of fresh wind, the “good representatives of the nobility” burst into the midst of “ new person"- son of a doctor, democrat, nihilist Bazarov. He is the embodiment of the denial of the usual life of a noble estate, its emptiness. The contradictions between conservatives and democrats are at the forefront of the novel. However, the analysis of the conflict between characters who formally belong to the same camp, but are, at first glance, allies, is especially interesting. Almost at the very beginning of the work, the reader meets Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov. An advanced student, a democrat, comes to stay at his friend’s estate. Arkady is sincerely grateful for this, he tells his father: “He is so kind that he agreed to stay with us!”

We can say that Bazarov deigns to be friends with young Kirsanov. Arkady is passionate about Bazarov’s ideas, he is one of his best “students”. The man is smart and insightful. Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov quickly realized that it was impossible to make Arkady “one of his own,” to completely change his views. The image of Arkady Kirsanov, thus, occupies a very special place in the novel. On the one hand, he is adjacent to the camp of the “children,” in other words, the revolutionaries, and on the other hand, he is an integral part of the camp of the “fathers.” The author himself emphasizes this: “Look at the faces of Nikolai Petrovich. Pavel Petrovich. Arcadia. Weakness, lethargy or limitation."
One of the main techniques for creating images (in this work by Turgenev is contrast. Thus, Arkady differs in some character traits and in some views from his father and grandfather. He strives for something new, his passion for the natural sciences is probably not only a deer to fashion Arkady strives to imitate Bazarov in everything, listens to his advice. Young Kirsanov is by no means deprived. positive qualities. He is intelligent and inquisitive. However, the main difference between these characters, also created on the basis of contrast, was pointed out by the author of the novel: “Arkady was a sybaritist, Bazarov worked.”

Bazarov does not want to be a slave to the principles that others have come up with, to blindly follow traditions; he denies principles “taken on faith.” He is a direct person, often even harsh. Speaking about his convictions, Evgeniy is not at all inclined to soften or smooth them out. It would seem that. Many of Bazarov’s views are shared by Arkady. But this “master’s” passion for nihilism is very superficial. In addition, some of Evgeniy’s statements unpleasantly offend Kirsanov. Such, for example, are Bazarov’s words about women and art.
To show common features Arkady and Bazarov and what distinguishes these heroes from each other, I. S. Turgenev, one might say, leads them through the same tests. The characters' personality traits are especially pronounced in situations where they need to make a choice. When the friends arrived at Kirsanov’s estate. Arkady realized that his uncle did not immediately like Evgeny Bazarov. But this time he took the side of someone who considered him not only his friend, but also his teacher. Bazarov was not at all embarrassed; he even deliberately emphasized the harshness of his own manners and judgments.
As the novel progresses, the author exposes both heroes to temptation; he invites them to choose “noble happiness.” It is embodied in the images of Katerina and Anna
Odintsov. Arkady, who was at first captivated by Anna Sergeevna’s extraordinary nature, this time listens to Evgeniy’s advice to pay attention to his younger sister. In sweet Katerina Odintsova, Arkady finds spontaneity, sincerity, and openness. who are close to his nature. He even plays music, although he is embarrassed when he catches Bazarov doing this. Perhaps, it is on Odintsova’s estate that Arkady realizes that the harsh life that Bazarov calls for is not at all an ideal for him, Kirsanov. In Katenka he finds his destiny and is quite happy. By the way, his “nihilistic” knowledge came in handy in life. Arkady managed to run the household much better than his father. Bazarov finally realized that Arkady was only a temporary ally, which means it was necessary to part with him. Saying goodbye to him, Evgeniy says: “...we say goodbye forever, and you feel it yourself... There is neither insolence nor anger in you, but there is youthful courage and youth
fervor: this is not suitable for our destiny.” It is in this conversation that Bazarov utters words that can be called historical, gives an unusually accurate description of both Arkady and people like him: “You are a nice fellow, but you are still soft,
liberal barich...” Evgeniy understands that she is harsh. The life full of hardships for which he is preparing himself does not suit Kirsanov at all. Various feelings are fighting in Bazarov’s soul: “regret, fear of being upset.” The author managed to psychologically correctly convey this state in the hero’s speech. Evgeniy says in a friendly manner: “Goodbye, brother!”, and then, as if having come to his senses, he adds ironically:
"Farewell, sir!"
In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” it is Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov who is the most complex and contradictory character. He is lonely and his attempts to find friendship and love are practically fruitless. Turgenev believed that Bazarov was a “tragic face.” And this statement is true. The tragedy of Yevgeny Bazarov is not only that his time has not come yet, not only that he cannot find happiness, but also that. that he deliberately refuses this happiness. It seems that Evgeniy is afraid to freely express his feelings and is trying to seem harsher. even rude, more rational than he really is. Perhaps this reflects the same fear of “being overwhelmed.” Only before his death are qualities revealed in him that previously the reader could only guess about: tenderness for his parents hidden under external severity and indifference, the poetry of his love for Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. The hero is filled with a thirst for life and work for the good of the country, but he understands that he can’t do anything; All that remains is to face death with dignity and courage. And Bazarov finally allows true feelings to break through, for the first time he speaks completely frankly about himself; “I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die anywhere! There is a task, because I am a giant.” Only now does he not hesitate to openly show concern for his parents. Entrusting their fate to Odintsova, Evgeny says: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…” Evgeny Bazarov dies “on the eve”, he does not seem to do anything significant, but the strength and charm of this character so strong that they literally capture the reader's attention. I. S. Turgenev managed to show not only the main socio-political conflict of the era in the novel, but also to create vivid images heroes who provided so much long life this work.

Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” depicts the era of the 60s of the 19th century, when significant changes were brewing in Russian life. At this time, a new type of progressive figure was being formed in Russia - a democrat commoner. The central place in the novel is occupied by the figure of a new man - Evgeny Bazarov. He is one of those young figures of the era who “want to fight.” People of the older generation, who do not share new beliefs, are portrayed by Turgenev as weak, and there are many “traces of nobility” in them.

But the young generation is also presented in the novel as heterogeneous. Bazarov and Arkady are friends, they receive the same education, and at first it seems that their views on life also coincide. However, their relationship still cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, it cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Throughout the entire novel, a weak nature (Arkady) submits to a stronger one (Bazarov). The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior on the Kirsanov estate. Bazarov is working, Arkady is sybaritizing. Bazarov is a man of action.

The main thing for him is the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical knowledge in practice. Passion for natural sciences is a typical feature of the cultural life of Russia in the 60s. Bazarov and Arkady express completely different opinions in relation to art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, says that Raphael is not worth a penny.

Arkady appreciates and loves literature. On the way to the estate, he and his father read Pushkin by heart: How sad your appearance is to me, Spring, spring, the time of love! Arkady is always neat, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners.

Bazarov wears a “long robe with tassels,” and when meeting Pavel Petrovich, “he didn’t shake his hand and even put it back in his pocket.” A major disagreement arose between Bazarov and Arkady in a conversation about the role of nature in human life. “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop,” says Bazarov. Already here, Arkady’s resistance to Bazarov’s views is visible, gradually the “student” leaves the power of the “teacher.” The climax of the development of the conflict between the heroes is the dispute “in a haystack” (Chapter XXI). “You are a gentle soul, a slob,” says Bazarov, realizing that their paths with Arkady diverge. “You’re a nice guy, but you’re still a soft, liberal gentleman.” The further fates of the heroes develop differently.

Arkady continues the traditions of his family; even the weddings of father and son Kirsanov took place on the same day. Bazarov dies from blood poisoning. “Russia needs me...

No, apparently it’s not needed.” Pisarev very accurately assesses the reasons for the disagreements between Bazarov and Arkady: “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements that are joyful to it.” The work of I. S. Turgenev was written in 1860-1861.

The basis of this novel is the social conflict between the “fathers,” that is, the “past century,” and the “children,” the “present century.” The main characters of Turgenev's work are Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov and Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov. At first glance we see that these two images are very similar. Indeed, both heroes are young (about the same age, although Evgeniy Vasilyevich is older than Kirsanov), both study at the same university. Both Arkady and Bazarov are representatives of the same ideological circle, the nihilists, from which it is clear that they both share the same moral beliefs and principles.

It would seem that Arkady and Bazarov have the same paths (that is, moral principles), but in fact their ideology differs, since Arkady belongs to the “past century”, and Bazarov is a representative of the “present century”. First of all, Bazarov and Arkady have different social backgrounds.

The Kirsanovs belong to a family of wealthy noble aristocrats, while Evgeniy Vasilyevich “comes from” a rather poor commoner family. Miscellaneous social status leaves its mark on the character and ideological beliefs of Bazarov and Arkady. Kirsanov with early childhood I got used to care and love, since my parents did everything to ensure that Arkady lived calmly and happily. “The couple lived well and quietly... and Arkady grew and grew - also well and quietly.” This is why Arkady is drawn home to see his father and he is sincerely glad to be back from university. “Arkady spoke in a somewhat hoarse, but sonorous youthful voice, cheerfully responding to his father’s caresses.”

Bazarov, on the contrary, grew up to be an independent person, since he left home in his youth and got used to living without parental care. When meeting them, Evgeny Vasilyevich does not experience much joy, and he is annoyed by his parents’ affections. Bazarov constantly interrupts his father and tells Arkady about him as “a very funny old man and the kindest... He talks a lot.” Bazarov feels superior to his parents. In some way, he even despises them, since he cannot understand how they “don’t stink of their own insignificance.” This attitude towards his relatives is strongly influenced by Bazarov’s beliefs.

By nature, Evgeny Vasilyevich is a nihilist, that is, a person who does not have any principles, does not adhere to any beliefs and denies everything. Nihilists do only what is beneficial and useful to them. “We act on what we recognize as useful. At the present time, denial is the most useful thing - we deny. Building is no longer our business...

First we need to clear the place." Bazarov does not even recognize art. In his opinion, all this is “romanticism, nonsense, nonsense,” and Raphael and other great artists “are not worth a penny.” Bazarov’s principles are not a mask, since even before death, at the moment when people sum up their whole life, Evgeny Vasilyevich does not give up his convictions, although he understands that he has done nothing for the benefit of humanity and has achieved nothing, since his time has not yet come. “And I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things... after all, I’m a giant! And now the giant’s whole task is to die decently...

Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t.” Arkady is a follower of Bazarov. He admires and worships his friend.

He is trying with all his might to be like him, which is why he “puts on” the principles and beliefs of Evgeniy Vasilyevich - Arkady “is on his own, and the beliefs dangle by themselves” (D. I. Pisarev). An example of this is Arkady’s meeting with his father. Kirsanov is sincerely glad to be returning home, but he tries to hide his feelings from Bazarov and takes on an indifferent appearance. “...Arkady, who, despite the sincere, almost childish joy that filled him, wanted to quickly turn the conversation from an excited mood to an ordinary one.”

Arkady loves poetry and sometimes doesn't mind daydreaming. He speaks beautifully and floridly, while his friend is always laconic. “Oh my friend, Arkady Nikolaevich! - exclaimed Bazarov. “...Don’t talk nicely.”

Ahead of Arkady lies a quiet family life with his wife Katya, because he is a typical gentleman and will continue the traditions of his grandfather and father. Bazarov himself understands this and calls Kirsanov “a soft, liberal barich who cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling.” Thus, we see that in fact the beliefs of Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov are just a mask, so he can theoretically be attributed to the “camp of the fathers,” while Bazarov is a true nihilist and “a democrat to the tips of his nails” (I.S.

After its publication in 1862, Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” caused a literal flurry of critical articles. None of the public camps accepted Turgenev’s new creation. Liberal criticism could not forgive the writer for the fact that representatives of the aristocracy, hereditary nobles, are depicted ironically, that the “plebeian” Bazarov constantly mocks them and turns out to be morally superior to them.

Democrats perceived the main character of the novel as an evil parody. The critic Antonovich, who collaborated in the Sovremennik magazine, called Bazarov “the Asmodeus of our time.” But all these facts, it seems to me, speak in favor of I. S. Turgenev. Like a true artist, a creator, he was able to guess the trends of the era, the emergence of a new type, the type of democrat commoner, who replaced the progressive nobility.

The main problem posed by the writer in the novel is already contained in its title: “Fathers and Sons.” This name has a double meaning. On the one hand, this is a generational problem - eternal problem classical literature, on the other hand, the conflict between two socio-political forces operating in Russia in the 60s of the 19th century: liberals and democrats.

The characters in the novel are grouped depending on which of the socio-political camps we can attribute them to. But the fact is that the main character Bazarov turns out to be the only representative of the camp of “children”, the camp of democrats and rabble-rousers. All other heroes are in the hostile camp.

The central place in the novel is occupied by the figure of a new man - Evgeny Bazarov. He is presented as one of those young men who “want to fight.” Others are people of the older generation who do not share Bazarov’s revolutionary democratic beliefs. They are depicted as petty, weak-willed people with narrow, limited interests.

The novel presents nobles and commoners of two generations - “fathers” and “children”. Turgenev shows how a commoner democrat acts in an environment alien to him. In Maryina, Bazarov is a guest who differs in his entire appearance from his landowner hosts. And he disagrees with Arkady in the main thing - in his idea of ​​​​life, although at first they are considered friends. But their relationship still cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Throughout the entire novel, the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one is observed: Arkady to Bazarov. But still, Arkady gradually acquired his own opinion and ceased blindly repeating Bazarov’s judgments and opinions of the nihilist. In disputes, he does not stand up and expresses his thoughts. One day their argument almost led to a fight.

The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in Kirsanov’s “empire”. Bazarov is busy with work, studying nature, and Arkady is sybaritic and does nothing. The fact that Evgeniy is a man of action can be seen immediately from his red, burnt hand. Yes, indeed, in any environment, in any home, he tries to get busy. His main occupation is natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Passion for science is a typical feature of the cultural life of Russia in the 60s, which means that Bazarov keeps up with the times. Arkady is the complete opposite. He doesn’t do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace, but for Bazarov, it’s not to sit idly by, to work, to move.

They have completely different opinions regarding art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove his greatness to him. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of the nobility. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, speeches, and appearance.

A major disagreement arose between the “friends” in a conversation about the role of nature in human life. Here Arkady’s resistance to Bazarov’s views is already visible; gradually the “student” emerges from the power of the “teacher.” Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. “You, gentle soul, are a weakling,” says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady can no longer be his associate. The “disciple” cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. But Bazarov appears before us as a man of the new generation, which has replaced the “fathers” who were unable to solve the main problems of the era. Arkady is a person belonging to the old generation, the generation of “fathers”.

Pisarev very accurately assesses the reasons for the disagreements between the “student” and the “teacher”, between Arkady and Bazarov: “Bazarov’s attitude towards his friend casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality is isolated in itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it.”

Arkady wants to be the son of his age and “puts on” Bazarov’s ideas, which absolutely cannot “grow together” with him. He belongs to the category of people who are always looked after and always do not notice the care. Bazarov treats him patronizingly and almost always mockingly; he understands that their paths will diverge.