Honor and dishonor.

Each of us has encountered people of honor. People who can selflessly help a person. Such people can come to the aid of even a stranger without demanding anything in return. But there is also a dark side of honor, one that gains strength day by day. Dishonor is negative quality a person, which is expressed in meanness, deceit, deception and betrayal. Dishonest people value only their ego; they help others for their own benefit. Can such people be trusted? Can you rely on them in difficult times? Of course not.

Today we understand that dishonor is growing, gaining momentum, while destroying the moral values ​​of a person. Nowadays it is difficult to find a person who will help, understand and console.

“Take care of honor from a young age,” - this is exactly the epigraph of the story by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “ Captain's daughter" The concept of honor became central to the work. Honor is decency, the moral purity of heroes, such as Pyotr Grinev, his parents, the entire family of Captain Mironov; This is military honor, loyalty to the oath, this, by and large, is love for the Motherland. The story contrasts Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin. Both are young, of the noble class, officers, but how different they are in character and moral principles. Grinev is a man of honor, whether it concerns his relationship with Masha Mironova, or his loyalty to the oath, perseverance to the end during the Pugachev rebellion. Without honor and conscience Alexey Shvabrin. He is rude to Masha, it costs him nothing to go over to the rebels, violating the officer’s honor. Captain Mironov, commandant, evokes deep sympathy Belogorsk fortress. He did not lose his dignity, remained faithful to his oath, and did not bend his knee to Pugachev. In the Grinev family, the concept of honor was the basis of the character of Father Petrusha. Despite the fact that Peter, like all children, loved to play pranks, the main thing was brought up in him - human dignity, decency, and this is honor. The hero shows it by returning the gambling debt and not being humiliated by betrayal, as Shvabrin did.

Let us turn to the work “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. The writer touches on one of the most important problems facing man - the problem of honor. How to protect the honor of yourself and your loved ones, no matter what, how to remain human in any situation?

The action takes place in the distant sixteenth century, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, when the guardsmen could commit outrages, knowing that they would not be punished by the tsar. Kiribeevich is shown as such a guardsman, who, without thinking about the fate of the woman, Alena Dmitrievna, puts her in a terrible position. The neighbors see him trying to caress her - married woman, which in those years was considered the greatest sin. Shame on an innocent woman. Her husband, the merchant Kalashnikov, is outraged and challenges the guardsman to open battle. Defending the honor of his wife and family, he went to the duel, realizing that he would not have mercy from the king in any case. And here a duel is played out between truth, honor and dishonor. Because of a man devoid of morality, the noble Kalashnikov dies, his children are left without a father, and a young innocent girl is left a widow. So Kiribeevich ruined the life not only of himself, but also of the woman he loved. And all because of this, that a person who does not have spiritual values ​​will never be able to comprehend true love, which exalts one to good deeds, in which honor remains pure and innocent. This work teaches a lot: that you always need to defend the honor of your family and loved ones, and not to offend anyone.

In conclusion, I would like to call people to conscience. To what has always been the concept of honor. Honor is one of the highest moral qualities personality. It is formed from childhood. After all, the basics human dignity- this is a long and thorny path from selfishness to the establishment of moral principles. From person to person, from generation to generation, the basics of honor, etiquette and human dignity were passed on, and only the person himself chooses which moral ideals choose your guide in this life. So let us not be dishonest people, let us not become like those who have already been swallowed up by their own ego, selfishness and selfishness. After all, the manifestation of honor is a feat not only for oneself, but also for the whole world!

Dubrovny Egor

It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

Honor... What is it? Honor - moral qualities a person, his principles, worthy of respect and pride, are a high spiritual force that can keep a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. Without honor a man has no real life. It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

World classics fiction have created many works that tell about heroes who have different attitudes to the concept of honor and dignity. Thus, in the prose poem “The Counterfeit Coin” by Charles Baudelaire, the meanness of man and the choice of dishonor are shown. Main character gives a poor man a counterfeit coin, not thinking that this unfortunate man might be arrested. An arrest was the least that could be done; he could have been flogged, beaten, or even simply killed. This poor fellow's life is already not so good, but it will become even worse. The man who gave this coin committed a dishonorable act; he chose wealth instead of honor, although one coin would not have made him poor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that it is unforgivable to be evil, and even worse - to do evil out of stupidity. This is the most dishonest thing! Even the kindest deed can conceal enormous meanness in its depths.

In Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's poem “Dead Souls,” the main character Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov serves as a vivid example of dishonor. Throughout the poem he deceives people for his own benefit. Pavel Ivanovich wanted to get rich by buying up “dead souls.” These were documents for the ownership of peasants who died, but are listed as living. Chichikov buys up “dead souls” in order to deceive the entire society. Pavel Ivanovich did not think about people, he blatantly lied to them and did everything for himself. Looking at these two examples, we see that more often people choose wealth. But I believe that it is better to be poor with honor than to be rich with dishonor.

“Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest spot takes away its shine and takes away all its value,” Edmond Pierre Beauchaine once said. Yes, this is indeed true. And everyone, sooner or later, will have to decide how to live - with honor or without it.

Cheboltasov Igor

Where do dishonest people come from?

Dishonor is a negative quality of a person, which is expressed in meanness, deceit, deceit and betrayal. It entails shame, destruction of oneself as an individual. Even in the most difficult moment, a person must continue to follow an honest path, without doubting for a second. From birth, parents raise their children to be honest, so where do dishonest people come from?

It seems that different answers can be given to this question, but I believe that dishonor is, first of all, a lack of respect for oneself and others. Therefore, it is very important that we understand that the main values ​​in life are honor and conscience. But, unfortunately, not everyone understands this and chooses the wrong path. By committing any deception, we are approaching dishonor. And with each subsequent betrayal we become dishonest.

The theme of dishonor is touched upon in the story “The Captain's Daughter” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. In this work, two heroes are contrasted: Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin. You can judge a person by his actions in difficult times. For the heroes, the test was the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev, where Shvabrin showed his dishonor. He saves his life by deception. We see him on the side of the rebels, while whispering something in Pugachev’s ear. Grinev is ready to share the fate of Captain Mironov and stand for his Motherland.

Let us turn to Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”. The main character Anatol Kuragin is an irresponsible and hypocritical person. He does not think about the consequences of his actions, does not think about the future and does not pay attention to the opinions of others. Kuragin's dishonor is his desire to marry Marya Bolkonskaya because of her wealth. It shows how the hero, for his own good and his own benefit, is ready for any dishonorable act. The author wants to convey to us that a dishonest person is ready to commit a vile act for his own benefit.

Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that dishonor means the loss of one’s moral character. Having acted dishonestly once, a person cannot stop, becoming a traitor and a liar. We often meet dishonest people these days, but we would like there to be as many honest people as possible.

Evstropova Victoria

School essays on this topic, as an option for preparing for the final essay.

Essay: Despair

According to Dahl, the concept of “despair” means a state of extreme hopelessness, a feeling of hopelessness. This means that its source does not necessarily have to be connected, say, with the socio-political-economic background in society. Another thing is that the historical stage we are experiencing has somehow exacerbated subtle moments in people’s lives, leading them to disappointing, so to speak, thoughts in terms of prospects. But there must be a way out of many situations, right?

According to one of the characters in the play by the famous French writer and twentieth-century existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, “The Flies,” “real human life begins on the other side of despair.”

Probably, everyone can have their own understanding of what was said, but the thought voiced by Sartre can also be considered from the point of view of the right of choice granted to a person: what is he going to do in the light of the despair that has gripped him (or periodically returns to him)? Continue to fade away or begin (restore) active activity, albeit through significant thorns?

In this context, the perspective of despair can really be defined as the initial (to a certain extent) path to finding the necessary solution, breaking a path to new heights. That is, despair, depending on a person’s perception of the “situation” within himself, can contribute to the birth (reanimation) of seemingly lost strength (some would say, conditioning). In other words, overcoming despair is actually overcoming oneself, when stagnation is gradually replaced by hope, and with it confidence.

By the way, it may also be that a person is simply tired of repeated efforts that do not give the result he expected. And hence the formation in him of uncertainty about the correctness of his chosen path in life. Here it is appropriate to refer to a Danish-American journalist and photographer who went through a difficult life path, Jacob August Riis ( late XIX- beginning XX century).

“When it begins to seem that nothing can help,” he wrote, “I go to watch the stonecutter deliver a hundred blows to the stone, but no crack appears on it. Only after the one hundred and first attempt is the stone divided in half. However, I understand that it was not the final swing of the cutter that contributed to this, but all the previous work.”

Perhaps what was said will remind someone famous proverb: “Water does not flow under a lying stone,” practically calling for activity, because in order to obtain the denominator you need, you must, at a minimum, not stop moving towards your intended goal.

In this aspect, it seems appropriate to cite an episode to which the outstanding Soviet high jumper, 1964 Olympic champion Valery Brumel refers in his book. Thus, he recalls how one of the athletic trainers conducted an experiment on regular squats, the essence of which was the psychological impact. The trainer asked the student, who had squatted about seven hundred times, why he completed the exercises. The athlete referred to “lead” in his legs, circles before his eyes and even the fear of death if he squatted again. However, the trainer spent two weeks convincing the pupil of the ability of the human muscle to perform unlimited work.

“You only need to overcome yourself once,” he said, “then it will immediately become easier.”

As a result, the athlete did not reach five thousand squats in just a couple of hundred attempts. V. Brumel writes that when faced with this information, he began to wonder whether there is a limit to human capabilities at all?

Perhaps someone will call this example incorrect in relation to the topic under consideration. But is everything so clear? Let us note that V. Brumel himself, at the peak of his sports career, had an accident that led to a severe broken leg. Having undergone 29 operations, he began to walk only after treatment by the famous orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Ilizarov, who became famous after this incident. After some time, V. Brumel again found himself in the jumping sector (!).

What leads a person to despair?

Despair. A state of hopelessness, a feeling that there is “no way out” and things won’t get better. This is a spiritual crisis when a person thinks that he cannot change his life for the better. What leads a person to despair? I think not only the difficult adversities of life, but also the loss of faith in a bright future, in the opportunity to change one’s existence and move forward, overcoming obstacles.

IN romantic story M. A. Gorky's "Old Woman Izergil" the author shows us how people come to despair. To do this, he includes the legend of Danko in the story and turns to ancient times. Cheerful, brave and strong people, who lived in the old days, plunged into despair when other, more powerful tribes came and drove them deep into the forest.

The stench from the swamps destroyed people, but they could not fight stronger and more evil enemies, since they did not have the right to die - they were obliged to keep the behests of their ancestors. The tribesmen fell into despair because they did not believe that they could get through the dense impenetrable forest to the light and sun. At that moment Danko appeared, who led them through the forest, and they followed him when they found faith. Despair came to them again one dark stormy night, when they lost faith in their leader and were ready to tear the hero apart out of anger, blaming him for their troubles. Danko tore open his chest with both hands, took out the burning heart, and, enchanted by the bright flame, the people regained faith and followed their leader, who led them to a spacious sunny clearing, and he himself died.

The author brings us to the idea that people come to despair when they lose faith in the possibility of changing their destiny and are afraid to fight for a better life. He sings a hymn to that daredevil who is ready to overcome obstacles and lead people, instilling in them faith in a better future, even if he has to sacrifice himself for the sake of others.

Let us give one more literary argument. In M. A. Gorky’s play “At the Bottom,” the heroes found themselves not only at the bottom of their lives, but also at the bottom of their souls, having exhausted their reserves of faith, hope and love. " Former people“They live in a shelter, irritated, disunited, embittered. But then comes the wanderer Luke, who instills faith in the possibility of changing life for the better. He does not promise anything to Satin, Baron, Bubnov, since these “tramps” have long resigned themselves to their fate and are not ready to fight for a way out from the bottom of life to the light. “The Evil Old Man” speaks only to those who need hope and are ready to overcome despair. Luka tells the drunken Actor that somewhere there is a free hospital for alcoholics, instilling in him the belief that he can start new life. The actor quits drinking, sweeps the streets, earning his way. But then the elder suddenly disappears without telling the Actor the address of the hospital. And Satin says that the old man lied out of pity, that there is no free hospital. The actor, who has lost his faith, cannot withstand despair and commits suicide.

We came to the conclusion that a person comes to despair when he loses faith in the possibility of changing his life for the better. To prevent this from happening, you need to have will, courage and determination.

What is hope?

What is hope? Most people ask this question, but never find an answer. Hope is, first of all, a person’s faith in a good future, expectation, anticipation of something vitally important to him. I believe that in any life situation a person should always have hope for the best. There are many literary works, where the main characters do not lose faith.

One of these works is the story of A.P. Chekhov “Vanka”. The main character Vanka is a little orphan boy. He writes a letter to his grandfather. His letter is imbued with kindness, warm words; Vanka wants his grandfather to take him home. He doesn’t like the place where Vanka lives, because he gets beaten. Vanka recalled all the warm moments associated with his childhood, which took place in the village with his grandfather.

The letter is filled with the belief that as soon as grandfather reads the letter, he will immediately take Vanka away. But the reader understands that this will not happen, since the field for the addressee indicates “grandfather’s village.” Thus, Vanka’s hope did not fade, and he believed that his beloved grandfather would come for him.

Another striking example of faith in the best is the work of A. S. Green “The Green Lamp”. Yves, one of the heroes of the story, who was a tramp. One day he met two rich men, they fed him and clothed him. After that, they offered to pay him to put a lamp on the window every evening and, without leaving the house, to sit next to her. Yves agreed, and every evening he hoped that some miracle would happen. For several years, Yves lit this lamp and read books at the same time. 8 years have passed. Yves became a doctor. Thus, Yves' hope helped him find a new life.

In conclusion, I would like to say that a person should never lose hope, no matter what happens. After all, she can always help you get out of even the most difficult situations. It makes a person believe in the best and strive for the goal.

Quotes on the topic: Hope

Man lives only by hope; hope is, in fact, his only property.
Carlyle

Hope lives even at the graves.
Goethe I.

Hope is the only good that cannot be satiated with.
Vauvenargues

No matter how bad things get, never despair, hold on as long as you have strength.
Suvorov A.V.

A well-prepared person retains hope in adversity and fears a change in fortune in happy times.
Horace

Hope always says that it will be easier in the future
Tibulus

As long as a person is alive, he should never lose hope.
Seneca

Hope is the most useful of all passions of the soul: since it maintains health through the calmness of the imagination.
Derzhavin G. R.

Where there is hope, there is also fear: fear is always full of hope, hope is always full of fear.
La Rochefoucauld

It is always better to hope than to despair.
Goethe I.

The hope of joy is a little less than the fulfillment of pleasure.
Shakespeare W.

What is the most common thing for everyone? Hope; for if anyone has nothing else, then she is.
Thales

Hopes are the dreams of those who are awake.
Plato

If life deceives you,
Don't be sad, don't be angry!
On the day of despondency, humble yourself:
The day of fun, believe me, will come.
Pushkin A. S.

Fear and hope can convince a person of anything.
Vauvenargues

Nadezhda is the best doctor known.
Dumas A. father

We shouldn't lose heart.
Cicero

Hope is the desire of the soul to convince itself that the desired will come true... Fear is the inclination of the soul, convincing it that the desire will not come true.
Descartes

The hope that accompanies us throughout our lives does not leave us even at the hour of death.
Pope A.

All my hope is in myself.
Terence

Even in the most hopeless, struggle remains hope.
Rolland R.

Where hope dies, emptiness arises.
Leonardo da Vinci

O deceiving hope of man!
Cicero

The “Honor and Dishonor” direction is based on polar concepts associated with moral choice person: to be faithful to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. Many writers focused their attention on depicting various manifestations of man: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to deep moral failure.

For inspiration!

Everything in the world depends on

From the heavenly heights.

But our honor, but our honor

It depends on us alone.

Song from the movie "The Musketeers. 20 years later"

Music M. Dunaevsky, poems by Leonid Derbenev

Possible essay topics

Possible essay topics(selection by Irina Anatolyevna Suyazova)

1. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Honest eyes do not look sideways”?

2. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Honor goes along the road, and dishonor on the side”?

3. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Death is better than dishonor”?

4. How do you understand the meaning of F. M. Dostoevsky’s statement “Trading honor, you cannot get rich”? 5. A work about honor and dishonor that excited you...

6. It’s easy to be called a man, but it’s more difficult to be a man (proverb).

7. How are the words “honor”, ​​“honesty”, “purity” similar?

8.Why has honor been valued at all times?

9.Is it appropriate to talk about honor and conscience in our time?

10. How do you understand what “honor” and “dishonor” are?

11.People want wealth and fame for themselves; if both cannot be obtained honestly, they should be avoided. (Confucius)

12. When a guilty person admits his guilt, he saves the only thing worth saving - his honor (Victor Hugo)

13.Whoever loses honor cannot lose anything beyond that. (Publius Syrus)

14.Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest spot deprives it of its shine and takes away all its value. (Pierre Beauchaine, French writer)

15. Is the Russian proverb true: “Take care of your honor from a young age”?

16. You won’t get rich by trading your honor. (F.M. Dostoevsky, great Russian writer)

17. An honest person can be persecuted, but not dishonored. (F. Voltaire)

18.Honor can only be lost once. (E.M. Kapiev, Dagestan Soviet prose writer)

19.Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

20. Honor, decency, conscience are qualities that should be valued (according to the works of Russian literature of the 19th century century)

21. Your attitude to the relevance of the topic of honor (Why does the topic of honor remain relevant today?)

22. What kind of person can be called a man of honor?

23. How do you understand what “honor” and “dishonor” are?

24. Betrayal and dishonor: how are these concepts related?

25. Honor and conscience are the leading concepts characterizing the human personality

26. The concept of honor that is close to my spirit...

27. Can love or conscience revive the previously lost concept of honor? (As an example-argument: Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov, heroes of F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”) 28. Can a person who wins a duel be considered a man of honor?

29. Do you agree with the statement of F.M. Dostoevsky “In everything there is a line beyond which it is dangerous to cross; for once you step over, it is impossible to go back”?

30. What is true honor and what is imaginary?

31. What lengths can you go to for protection? human honor? 32. A work about a man of honor that shocked me...

33. What does it mean to walk the path of honor?

M.A. Sholokhov, story “The Fate of a Man”;

A.S. Griboedov, comedy “Woe from Wit”;

DI. Fonvizin, comedy “Undergrown”;

A.S. Pushkin, story “The Captain's Daughter”;

"The Tale of Igor's Campaign";

ON THE. Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'"

M.Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"

L.N. Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace"

I.S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"

F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"

M.A. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita"

A.I. Solzhenitsyn's story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”

N.M. Karamzin, story “Poor Liza”

A.N. Ostrovsky, drama "The Thunderstorm"

A.I. Solzhenitsyn, story "Matryonin's Dvor"

A.I. Kuprin, stories " Garnet bracelet", "Olesya"

M. Gorky, story “Old Woman Izergil”

Tolstoy L.N., story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”

Paustovsky K. G., fairy tale “Warm Bread”

Stevenson R., ballad “Heather Honey”

M.Yu. Lermontov. “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich...”

N.V.Gogol. , story "Taras Bulba"

F. Cooper, novel “The Last of the Mohicans”

A.P.Platonov, story “Yushka”

V. Scott. , novel "Ivanhoe"

Pushkin A.S. ,novel "Dubrovsky"

Green A.S. , extravaganza “Scarlet Sails”

Merimee P., short story “Matteo Falcone”

L.N. Andreev, story “Judas Iscariot”

N.S. Leskov, “The Stupid Artist”, “The Enchanted Wanderer”

G. de Maupassant, “The Necklace”

Materials for the introductory part of the essay

Honor is that high spiritual force that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an action when conscience is the judge. Life often tests people, presenting them with a choice - to act honorably and take the blow or be cowardly and go against their conscience in order to gain benefit and avoid troubles, possibly death. A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but retreat from it, the loss of honor is even more painful. Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot help but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his entire life. At the same time, he cannot help but think about his place among other people. This spiritual connection between a person and society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity. “Honor is my life,” wrote Shakespeare, “they have grown into one, and to lose honor is for me the same as losing life.” Moral decay, the decline of moral principles leads to the collapse of both an individual and an entire nation. That is why the importance of the great Russian classical literature

, which is the moral foundation for many generations of people.

Materials for the main part of the essay

Holy Army Conscience, Nobility and Dignity -
here it is, our holy army.
Give him your hand

There is no fear for him even in the fire.
His face is high and amazing.
Dedicate your short life to him.
Maybe you won't be a winner
1988

but you will die like a man.

"Self-esteem..."

Bella Akhmadulina

Self-esteem is a mysterious tool:

whether to an accordion, to a bombing, to beautiful chatter,

dried up, destroyed, crushed at the root.

Self-esteem is a mysterious path,

on which it’s easy to crash, but you can’t turn back,

because without delay, inspired, pure, alive,

will dissolve and turn to dust human image is yours.

Self-esteem is simply a portrait of love.

I love you, my comrades - pain and tenderness are in my blood.

No matter what the darkness and evil prophesies, there’s nothing but this

humanity did not come up with a way to save itself.

So don’t waste your time, brother, don’t give up, spit on the nonsense vanity -

you will lose your divine face, your pristine beauty.

Well, why risk it in vain? Are there not enough other concerns?

Get up, go, servant, just straight, just forward.

Yuri Levitansky

Everyone chooses for themselves

A woman, religion, a road.

To serve the devil or the prophet -

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves

A word for love and for prayer.

A sword for a duel, a sword for battle -

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves:

Shield and armor. Staff and patches.

The measure of the final reckoning

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

I also choose - as best I can.

I have no complaints against anyone -

Everyone chooses for themselves.

The day will come and the hour will strike,
When will it be the turn of intelligence and honor throughout the whole earth to stand in first place.
Robert Burns

This wonderful text is from a collection of texts for Unified State Exam essays can be used both in the main part and in the introduction and conclusion. Read it, write down quotes, keywords.

(1) In a letter to his wife on May 18, 1836, Pushkin wondered: where did these sensible young people come from, “who are spit in the eyes, and they wipe themselves off” instead of defending their honor? (2) Sometimes it seems that we came out of the greatcoats of these meek people. (3) We can no longer hear the ringing of elastic steel in the word honor.

The direction of the final essay “Honor and dishonor”
Presentation on literature
Russian language teachers and
literature
highest category
Repina Ekaterina
Kirillovna

What are the types of reasoning?

1. Reasoning
- proof:
thesis - arguments, evidence - conclusion.
2. Reasoning-explanation:
What it is? For example, “What is honor?”
3. Reasoning-reflection:
What should I do? What to do? Why is this happening?

Working on an essay

1.Learning to write an introduction on a topic.
2. We work with the main part of the essay, revealing the topic:
draw up the first thesis and select literary arguments.
.compose the second thesis and select literary arguments.
3. We write a conclusion on the topic of the essay.
4. We check the draft essay 3 times (spelling, punctuation,
stylistics).Editing the text of the essay.
5 Copy carefully, clearly and legibly with a gel pen
essay on the Unified State Examination answer form No. 2.

Learning to write abstracts for an essay

How should you write a thesis statement to cover the topic of your essay?
1.Ask a question about the topic of the essay.
2. Give an answer to this question.
3. This answer will be the thesis for the main part of the essay.
4.Prove your thesis using literary arguments. Wherein
There is no need to retell the text. You need to write your own
reflections and reasoning using arguments from books.

Final essay “Honor and Dishonor.” A basic level of.

1. Introduction.
Honor... What is it?
Honor is the moral qualities of a person, his principles, worthy
respect and pride, this is a high spiritual force that is capable of
keep a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice.
For most of us, the state of lost honor (dishonor) is
severe pain in the soul, since it is precisely this state that disrupts our
spiritual connection with other people, with society. Without honor you have no
a person of real life.

Main part of the essay

Classics of world fiction, including Russian,
created many works that tell about such heroes who
have different attitudes to the concept of honor and dignity.
Thus, in the novel by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” the problem of honor is given
the most serious attention. The author shows two Russians
officers - Grinev and Shvabrin. Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is a man of honor and
debt, but Shvabrin cannot be called such. Why is this happening?
Life often tests people and presents them with choices. How to be that
to do in specific situations? To act according to honor and conscience or
come to dishonor?

Main part of the essay

IN parental home Peter received a healthy start in life, his moral
qualities and life principles worthy of respect. Father seeing off
Peter to serve, gave him orders to serve honestly and remember that
For a person, honor is the most important thing. The young officer remembers his father's
commandment “Take care of honor from a young age.” Grinev is characterized by nobility and loyalty.
Honor and duty for a Russian officer are the meaning of life. He
refused to serve Pugachev, explained this by the fact that he took an oath to serve
to the Empress. Pyotr Andreevich behaves boldly, honestly,
worthy.
Pugachev rated Grinev as a man of honor.
And we see that the path of honor is very difficult, but correct in life.

We reveal the topic of the essay. Argument one.

And Shvabrin? He is also a Russian officer. But which one? At Shvabrin's
there is no sense of duty and human dignity. By violating
military oath, went over to Pugachev’s side, crawled at his feet
from the impostor, begged for forgiveness. He betrayed his homeland, his
colleague Grinev, brought so much suffering to Masha Mironova,
who rejected his love.
And this is real dishonor.
Rereading the pages of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", we begin
clearly understand that “honor does not come with the uniform. Honor is a moral filling,” that dishonor leads to the collapse of human
personality.

Second argument in the essay

In the novel “Dubrovsky” A. S. Pushkin shows two landowners, old
friends - Kiril Petrovich Troekurov and Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky.
What does honor mean to each of them? For a long time the only person
to whom Troekurov treated with reverence and respect was his neighbor
from Kistenevka-Dubrovsky. Old friends quarreled. Both landowners had
hot temper, both proud.
Troekurov maintained this state in himself with the consciousness of wealth and power.
And Dubrovsky is aware of the antiquity of his family and noble honor.
The incident at the kennel shows Dubrovsky as a proud man who
has a sense of self-esteem. Troekurov with his
the actions taken drove his former friend to insanity and
of death. Such actions destroy personality.

Main part of the essay

Rereading A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Dubrovsky”, we think about
because honor is the main core of a person, his moral backbone,
when conscience becomes the judge of human actions and actions,
which is also our best controller

About the conclusion to the essay

In conclusion, it is necessary to draw a conclusion based on what has been written
reasoning.
It should resonate with the introduction.
This composition of an essay is called a ring composition.
This version of the composition (construction of the work) is considered one
of the very best.

Conclusion on the essay topic

So, discussing the problem of honor and dishonor, recalling the pages of two
novels by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, I come to the conclusion that
the concept of honor will never become outdated, since it is honor that helps a person
to live, to be on top, helps to make the right moral choice,
to carry out a spiritual connection with people, with society. And this
quite a lot in human life. And I really want to hope that in
our time among my contemporaries will be as possible more people, For
which the concept of honor will never lose its
high significance.

Evaluating an essay based on five criteria

Criterion No. 1. Relevance to the topic.
Criterion No. 2. Argumentation. Involvement of literary
material.
Criterion No. 3. Composition (construction of an essay) and
logic of reasoning.
Criterion No. 4. Quality of written language.
Criterion No. 5. Literacy.
Grade-pass-fail

Used sources

1.A. S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter".
2.A. S. Pushkin. "Dubrovsky".
3. Final essay in the graduating class. Preparation. Writing.
Editing. Compiled by G. V. Tsvetkova. "Teacher". Volgograd.
4.O.I. Shcherbakova. Types of essays on literature. Grades 10-11.
"Enlightenment: 2015".
5.Elena
Starodubtseva. "The Captain's Daughter" in class
literature (I'm going to a literature lesson).

In our cruel age, it seems that the concepts of honor and dishonor have died. There is no special need to preserve honor for girls - striptease and depravity pay dearly, and money is much more attractive than some ephemeral honor. I remember Knurov from “Dowry” by A.N. Ostrovsky:

There are boundaries beyond which condemnation does not cross: I can offer you such enormous content that the most evil critics of other people's morality will have to shut up and open their mouths in surprise.

Sometimes it seems that men have long ceased to dream of serving for the good of the Fatherland, protecting their honor and dignity, and defending the Motherland. Probably, literature remains the only evidence of the existence of these concepts.

A.S. Pushkin’s most cherished work begins with the epigraph: “Take care of your honor from a young age,” which is part of a Russian proverb. The entire novel “The Captain's Daughter” gives us the best idea of ​​honor and dishonor. The main character, Petrusha Grinev, is a young man, practically a youth (at the time of his departure for service he was “eighteen” years old, according to his mother), but he is filled with such determination that he is ready to die on the gallows, but not to tarnish his honor. And this is not only because his father bequeathed to him to serve this way. Life without honor for a nobleman is the same as death. But his opponent and envious Shvabrin acts completely differently. His decision to go over to Pugachev’s side is determined by fear for his life. He, unlike Grinev, does not want to die. The outcome of the life of each of the heroes is logical. Grinev lives a dignified, albeit poor, life as a landowner and dies surrounded by his children and grandchildren. And the fate of Alexei Shvabrin is clear, although Pushkin does not say anything about it, but most likely death or hard labor will end this unworthy life of a traitor, a man who did not preserve his honor.

War is a catalyst for the most important human qualities, she shows either courage and courage, or meanness and cowardice. We can find proof of this in V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”. Two heroes are the moral poles of the story. The fisherman is energetic, strong, physically strong, but is he courageous? Having been captured, he betrays his partisan detachment under pain of death, betraying its location, weapons, strength - in short, everything, in order to eliminate this center of resistance to the fascists. But the frail, sickly, puny Sotnikov turns out to be courageous, endures torture, and resolutely ascends to the scaffold, not for a second doubting the correctness of his action. He knows that death is not as terrible as remorse from betrayal. At the end of the story, Rybak, who escaped death, tries to hang himself in the toilet, but cannot, because he does not find a suitable weapon (his belt was taken away during his arrest). His death is a matter of time, he is not a completely fallen sinner, and living with such a burden is unbearable.

Years pass by historical memory Humanity still contains examples of actions based on honor and conscience. Will they become an example for my contemporaries? I think yes. The heroes who died in Syria, saving people in fires and disasters, prove that there is honor, dignity, and there are bearers of these noble qualities.