Hello dears.
We continue the conversation we started yesterday:
Well, of course, there is no way for us to get around the French
In France, prefixes to surnames previously denoted noble origin or family employment. Now, of course, this is no longer such a pressing question :-)) The most common prefix is “de” and it can be translated as “from”. Let us remember the unforgettable Dumas and his “Three Musketeers” Marie Aimée de Rohan-Montbazon, Duchess de Chevreuse, for example.
You say - what about d’Artagnan? He’s not De Artagnan... Everything is according to the rules :-)) The fact is that if the surname began with a consonant, then there was the option de, and if with a vowel, then d." As a variant of the first option, there were also the prefixes "du" - Well, the same Porthos later became Baron du Vallon de Brassier de Pierrefonds or de la (de la) - Athos, Count de la Fère. 
When the surname began with a vowel, there were also variants of “dez” - Mr. dez Esar and much sharper
"de l"". Everything is simple here. Although this moment last names are just last names :-)
Ledru des Essarts Francois Roche
Unlike the Germans, Scandinavians and French, everything is completely different in Dutch surnames. Very often their last names have prefixes. The most common is, naturally, “van”
van (fan), which, by the way, is spelled together with the surname. It is similar to the German “von” and also depends on some kind of territorial designation, but does not at all indicate noble origin, but rather the opposite. Especially if used with another prefix - “den”. On the one hand, there seems to be the influence of the French “de”, and on the other hand, if there is any Van den, then he is from the common people.
Reinier Cornelis Backhuizen van den Brink (senior) - botanist
There are several other options: “van de”, “van der”, “van ten”, “ter”, “t`” is much less common 
Edwin van der Sar
The noble one is the double prefix van...that (for example, Baron van Vorst tot Vorst).
The Italian tradition also has several prefixes to surnames. And historically the prefixes meant the following:
De / Di - belonging to a surname, family, for example: Eusobio Di Francesco means “one of the Francesco family”, 
Yes - belonging to the place of origin: Da Vinci - “Leonardo from Vinci”, where Vinci meant the name of a city or locality. Subsequently, Yes and De became simply part of the surname and now do not mean anything. It is not necessarily an aristocratic origin. 
The prefixes "la" and "lo" often preceded nicknames (la Fabro - blacksmith) or indicated foreign origin (Lo Greco - from Greece, from a Greek family).
More aristocratic would be the prefix "della" ("del"). But here, too, you can make a lot of mistakes. della Rovere is a family Popes, and Del Duca only says that the ancestors of the owner of the surname belonged to some duke :-)
Francesco della Rovere from the same Sixtus IV
To be continued...
Have a nice time of day.
In any group you can meet a person with an unusual, strange or very As a rule, its origin depends on the specific traditions of the country in which its owner was born. For example, Dutch surnames are considered one of the funniest in the world. Find out why in this article.
Last name: from birth and for life
The very word “surname”, so familiar to us today, comes from ancient Roman. This word meant a large and strong family with a man at the head. Then the ancient Romans included in the concept of family, by the way, slaves who served their owners. In Russia, the rules were practically the same: before the abolition of serfdom, peasants bore the same surname as the landowner.
Nowadays, there is nowhere without a surname - it is given to us from birth and most often remains with us for life. Except in special cases, of course.
History of funny Dutch surnames
Dutch surnames are considered the funniest in all of Europe, and there is a completely reasonable historical explanation for this. When the nation was conquered by Napoleon in 1811, he issued a decree that forced everyone in the Netherlands to acquire a French surname.
The Dutch themselves, who had previously only had names, were not going to obey the law. And since they believed that the occupation of the country was only a temporary measure, they decided not to bother themselves or rack their brains by coming up with names. And the freedom-loving people were not at all against mocking the invaders.
This is how absolutely stupid surnames appeared that were simply impossible to pronounce without laughing. For example, Naaktgeboren, which literally means “born naked.” Or Piest (“pissing”). There were also entire family branches under the surname Rotmensen - translated from Dutch, “rotten people.”
A few years later, the war with Napoleon ended, and the inhabitants of the country became independent again. However, contrary to expectations, the law was never repealed. So the heirs of these people have to bear dissonant surnames to this day. But they are rightfully considered the most original in the world.
What does "van" mean in Dutch surnames?
Recognizability of family names is given by their unique prefixes: “van”, “de”, “van der” and others. This is why Dutch surnames are so widely known abroad. For example, in the USA they are very popular.
Many Americans automatically associate Dutch surnames with prestige and high income. Mainly due to the fact that the rich industrialists came from the Netherlands. Take, for example, But his last name, despite its beautiful sound, is the most ordinary one. There was a town near Utrecht, it was called Bilt. And the surname Van-der-Bilt (Vanderbilt) means a native of this town, that is, one who comes “from Bilt.”
The Germans also have a memorable prefix von, indicating the aristocratic status of the bearer. But the Dutch version of van is much more prosaic, and there is no social status behind it.
The residents of the Netherlands usually write the prefix “van” with a small letter (with the exception of initials or the beginning of a sentence), but abroad it can be found written with a capital letter.
The most popular Dutch names
In general, the Netherlands is a state, although small, but very socially rich. Proximity to Belgium and Germany, a rich ethnic and religious composition, several indigenous groups - all this cannot but influence Dutch names and surnames.
If you want to know all about names in this country, it's worth visiting your local Social Security Bank. In addition to its main task - insuring the population from all kinds of disasters, this structure also deals with statistics on the names of residents.
Once every three months, bank employees post lists of the most popular names - male and female - on the official website. You can also notice a trend of decreasing or increasing popularity of each name compared to the previous period. Any name can be found full information, including its origins, etymology, correspondences in other languages, and known speakers.
It is curious that you will only find information on names in the Dutch version of the site. Although it itself is available in many languages, including English, German, French and Spanish. However, you need to understand Dutch to know the most popular Dutch first and last names.
Male names, for example, Daan, Sem, Lucas, Milan, Thomas, are found here at almost every step. And if we talk about popular women's ones, then these are Emma, Julia, Sophie, Lotte, Lisa and Anna.
Origin of Dutch surnames
Today, almost any Dutch surname can be classified into one of four categories based on origin: geographical, occupational, descriptive or familial:
- Surnames that are derived from the region in which the bearer lives or his ancestor once lived are widespread. For example, de Vries. Sometimes it’s not even just a region, but a specific estate or place where a person worked - van Aller or van de Vliert (literally “coming from a farm”)
- Another example of a typical surname is by profession. For example, Haak means “peddler”, Kuiper means “cooper”, and with de Klerk everything is clear - the person worked as a clerk.
- The third group of surnames came from certain physical features a person or his character traits. For example, Dik means "fat" and de Groot means "big". Not everyone is lucky with their last name, what can you say.
- The last group of surnames is associated with the origin of its bearer and conveys family ties. Addicks means nothing more than “son of Addick,” and Evers means “son of Ever.” That is, a kind of patronymic is an analogue of what we wear in Russia.
Interesting facts about Dutch surnames
- Dutch male surnames, like ours, are given once and for life. When a girl gets married, she has a choice. She can either keep her last name or combine it with her husband’s last name, turning it into a double one. Many people prefer the first path if the groom’s surname is completely dissonant.
- There are over one hundred thousand original Dutch surnames. And many of them you will not find anywhere else.
- The surname de Jong means "young" and is often given to a younger family member with the same name. While the analogue de Oude “senior” is much less common. This is understandable - it is not customary to call someone who already has a specific surname a new name just because a new member has appeared in the family.
- The most popular Dutch surnames are Vries, Jansen, van de Berg, Bakker, van Dijck and Visser.
Family prefixes- in some world nominal formulas, components and integral parts of the surname.
Sometimes they indicate aristocratic origin, but not always. They are usually written separately from the main family word, but sometimes merge with it.
- 1 Use in various countries
- 1.1 England
- 1.2 Arab countries
- 1.3 Armenia
- 1.4 Germany
- 1.5 Israel
- 1.6 Spain
- 1.7 Netherlands
- 1.8 France
- 1.9 Ireland and Scotland
- 1.10 Other
Use in various countries
England
- Fitz - "son of someone", Anglo-Norman fitz (for example: Fitzgerald, Fitzpatrick)
Arab countries
- al (ar, as, at, ash) - indicates where a person comes from (صدام حسين التكريتي saddam husayn at-tikritiy “Saddam Hussein from Tikrit”)
- abu - father - abu-Mazen (father of Mazen)
- ibn - son - ibn-Khottab (son of Hottab)
Armenia
- Ter or Turn - կամ Տերն, in the ancient Armenian original tearn (Armenian տեարն), “lord”, “lord”, “master”. For example: Ter-Petrosyan (Armenian: Տեր-Պետրոսյան).
- Nor -, an uncommon form of the prefix in Armenian surnames.
Germany
- von and other options (von der, von dem, vom, von und zu, von und zum, vom und zum, von zu, von und zu der, von in der) (for example: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) Belonging to the nobility, aristocracy , an old family.
- zu and other variants (tsur, tsum, zu in) (for example: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg)
- in and other options (in der, im)
- an der, am
- auf and other options (auf der)
- aus and other options (aus dem)
Israel
- Ben - (Hebrew בן - son) (for example: David Ben-Gurion)
Spain
- de - (for example: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra)
Netherlands
- van is a particle that sometimes forms a prefix to Dutch surnames derived from the name of a locality; often it is written together with the surname itself. Matching by grammatical meaning German particle “von” (von), Dutch (van) cannot, however, be considered, like the first, a sign noble origin.
- van de
- van den
- van der
- van ten
France
In France, surname prefixes denote noble origin. When translated into Russian, the prefixes indicate the genitive case, “iz” or “…skiy”. For example, Cesar de Vendôme is the Duke of Vendôme or Vendôme. For example: d'Artagnan means that a person bearing this surname is a nobleman from Artagnan.
The most common prefixes:
- if the surname begins with a consonant:
- de la
- if the surname begins with a vowel:
- de l".
Ireland and Scotland
- O" means “grandson.” For example, O’Reilly, O’Hara, etc.
- Mac - meaning "son" - in Irish and Scottish surnames usually indicates their origin. In most cases in Russian it is written with a hyphen, but there are exceptions. For example, the combined spelling of such surnames as MacDonald, McDowell, Macbeth, McGonaggle, McCoy, McLuhan and others is generally accepted. General rule does not exist, and the spelling is individual in each case.
Others
- Di, da, do, shower (Portugal, Brazil)
- Da, de, di, del, degli, dalla (Italy)
- La (Italy)
- Be (Finland)
- Af (Sweden)
- Bet (Assyria) Bet Mushul.
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family prefix root, family prefix micro, family prefix smart, family prefix t2
Van is a prefix to a surname - a particle that sometimes forms a prefix to Dutch surnames derived from the name of a locality; often it is written together with the surname itself. Matching By grammatical meaning of the German particle “von” (von), Dutch (van) cannot, however, be considered, like the first, a sign of noble origin [Those Dutch names with the prefix Van, Van de, Van den or Van der, which were not included in the number words beginning with the syllable Van should be looked for under the letters with which the name itself begins.].
encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .
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