1) Aristocracy- (from the Greek "aristoz" - "best" and "kratoz" - "power") - literally, "the power of the best." Legitimate power of the hereditary elite.

2) Aristocracy- (from Greek - domination of the nobility) - a republican form of government in which supreme power is exclusively in the hands of the highest privileged classes, which rule either alone or with the assistance of representatives of other classes. The aristocracy is based on the idea that only a select few, the best minds, should rule the state. In practice, the “best minds” are determined in several ways: by noble origin, military prowess, philosophical or theological works, and finally, by the size and type of property. In most aristocracies, several or all of these factors are combined to determine the right to state power. Aristocracy is opposed to democracy, i.e. a republic in which state power is recognized as belonging to all or the majority of citizens.

3) Aristocracy- (from the Greek aristos - best and kratos - power) - the form of government in the state and the social layer that exercises power in it. In antiquity, the rule of the aristocracy was considered best as the rule of worthy, competent people (scientists, philosophers, etc.), in contrast to tyranny, ochlocracy (the rule of the crowd), and timocracy (the rule of selfish people). In modern times, a supporter of the aristocracy was, for example, G. Grotius. In other concepts (Bolingbroke, E. Burke, I. Bentham), the aristocracy acts as an element of a “mixed form of government”, a constitutional-monarchical system, serving as a necessary counterbalance to other - monarchical, democratic - structures, and a guarantor against the usurpation of power. In England, the House of Lords, the upper house of parliament, was considered the bearer of the aristocratic principle. In history, an aristocratic republic existed in ancient Sparta, medieval Genoa, Venice, Pskov, Novgorod.

4) Aristocracy- (from the Greek aristocracy - the best, noblest) - the power of the best. Plato and Aristotle understood aristocracy as the rule of educated, professionally trained people who mastered the art of politics (management). IN modern language The aristocracy refers to representatives of the upper strata of society who inherited their fortunes, to know by birth.

5) Aristocracy- (from the Greek aristos - best and...cracy), 1) a form of government in which power belongs to representatives of the clan nobility. 2) In a slave-owning and feudal state - the most privileged class; retains certain advantages in a bourgeois state.

6) Aristocracy- - 1) a form of government in which supreme power belongs by inheritance to the clan nobility, the privileged class; 2) clan nobility, a privileged layer of society who, by right of inheritance, have special property and civil rights.

7) Aristocracy- (Greek aristokratia, from aristos - best and kratos - power) - privileged nobility. In relation to political elites (see Elite) modern society the term A. is used in a negative sense. In ancient political theory, the government of A. was considered the best, the most disinterested (in contrast to timocracy, the rule of selfish people) and competent. This concept persists in classical and modern conservatism.

8) Aristocracy- (gr. aristos best, noble + kratos power) - 1) privileged layers of society, representatives of the family nobility (patricians in Rome, nobility in Europe and Russia, etc.); 2) a form of government in which supreme power belongs to representatives of the clan nobility. In the history of ancient political thought, Africa as a form of government was analyzed by Plato and Aristotle, who considered it as best view board. The concept of aristocracy was used in elitist concepts that substantiated the intellectual and moral superiority of the nobility.

9) Aristocracy- (from the Greek aristos - best and kratos - power) - a form of government based on the power of a noble privileged minority, the chosen (best), as well as the social stratum itself, consisting, as a rule, of large landowners (in feudal Russia and in other countries of the Middle Ages and Modern times).

10) Aristocracy- 1) In a slave-owning and feudal society, as well as in a capitalist society with feudal remnants - a privileged clan or rich nobility (usually the titled elite of noble landowners). 2) Financial A. - the top of the financial bourgeoisie. 3) Working A. - a certain part of the most qualified and wealthy workers.

Aristocracy

(from the Greek "aristoz" - "best" and "kratoz" - "power") - literally, "the power of the best." Legitimate power of the hereditary elite.

(from Greek - rule of the nobility) - a republican form of government in which supreme power is exclusively in the hands of the highest privileged classes, which rule either alone or with the assistance of representatives of other classes. The aristocracy is based on the idea that only a select few, the best minds, should rule the state. In practice, the “best minds” are determined in several ways: by noble origin, military prowess, philosophical or theological works, and finally, by the size and type of property. In most aristocracies, several or all of these factors combine to determine the right to government power. Aristocracy is opposed to democracy, i.e. a republic in which state power is recognized as belonging to all or the majority of citizens.

(from the Greek aristos - best and kratos - power) - the form of government in the state and the social stratum that exercises power in it. In antiquity, the rule of the aristocracy was considered best as the rule of worthy, competent people (scientists, philosophers, etc.), in contrast to tyranny, ochlocracy (the power of the crowd), and timocracy (the power of selfish people). In modern times, a supporter of the aristocracy was, for example, G. Grotius. In other concepts (Bolingbroke, E. Burke, I. Bentham), the aristocracy acts as an element of a “mixed form of government”, a constitutional-monarchical system, serving as a necessary counterbalance to other - monarchical, democratic - structures, and a guarantor against the usurpation of power. In England, the House of Lords, the upper house of parliament, was considered the bearer of the aristocratic principle. In history, an aristocratic republic existed in ancient Sparta, medieval Genoa, Venice, Pskov, Novgorod.

(from the Greek aristocracy - the best, noblest) - the power of the best. Plato and Aristotle understood aristocracy as the rule of educated, professionally trained people who mastered the art of politics (management). In modern language, aristocracy refers to representatives of the upper strata of society who inherited their fortunes, to know by birth.

(from the Greek aristos - best and...cracy), 1) a form of government in which power belongs to representatives of the clan nobility. 2) In a slave-owning and feudal state - the most privileged class; retains certain advantages in a bourgeois state.

1) a form of government in which supreme power belongs by inheritance to the clan nobility, the privileged class; 2) clan nobility, a privileged layer of society who, by right of inheritance, have special property and civil rights.

(Greek aristokratia, from aristos - best and kratos - power) - privileged nobility. When applied to the political elites (see Elite) of modern society, the term A. is used in a negative sense. In ancient political theory, the government of A. was considered the best, the most disinterested (in contrast to timocracy, the rule of selfish people) and competent. This concept persists in classical and modern conservatism.

(gr. aristos best, noble + kratos power) - 1) privileged layers of society, representatives of the family nobility (patricians in Rome, nobility in Europe and Russia, etc.); 2) a form of government in which supreme power belongs to representatives of the clan nobility. In the history of ancient political thought, Africa as a form of government was analyzed by Plato and Aristotle, who considered it as the best type of government. The concept of aristocracy was used in elitist concepts that substantiated the intellectual and moral superiority of the nobility.

1) form of government, with a cut of state. power belongs to a privileged noble minority. As a form of government, Armenia is opposed to monarchy and democracy. “A monarchy is the power of one, a republic is the absence of any non-elected power; aristocracy - as the power of a small comparative minority, democracy - as the power of the people... All these differences arose in the era of slavery” (Lenin V.I., PSS, vol. 39, p. 74). In the history of antiquity. political ideas development of the concept of A. to designate one of the state. forms of government associated with Plato and Aristotle; later aristocratic. form of government was distinguished by Polybius, Spinoza, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Kant and others. The justification of A. by adherents of this form of government comes down, as a rule, to the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bpolitical. inferiority of the majority of people, whom the aristocratic is called upon to rule. elite. Aristocratic In ancient times, the republics were Sparta, Rome (6th-1st centuries BC), Carthage; in the Middle Ages Europe - Venice, Pskov and Novgorod feud. republics, etc.

2) Nobility, the privileged part of the k.-l. class (eupatrides in Athens, patricians in Rome, nobility, etc.) or societies, a group (for example, financial A.), enjoying special rights and benefits. Political A.'s influence and the circle of people included in it are determined by specific historical factors. conditions and characteristics of a particular country.

Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Alabugina)

Aristocracy

AND, and.

An upper class or social group with special privileges.

* Noble aristocracy. *

Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

Aristocracy

‘social strata of society’

Syn: nobility, elite, upper classes

Ant: "lower classes", "plebeians"

Efremova's Dictionary

Aristocracy

1. and.
   1. A form of government in which power belongs to a small, privileged group of noble, well-born people.
   2. :
      1. The privileged part of society, consisting of noble, well-born people in power.
      2. Privileged part of smb. public group.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Aristocracy

(from the Greek aristos - best and...cracy),..

1. a form of government in which power belongs to representatives of the clan nobility...
2. In a slave-owning and feudal state - the most privileged class; retains certain advantages in a bourgeois state.

Political Science: Dictionary-Reference Book

Aristocracy

(from Greek aristos is the best)

a form of government based on the power of a noble privileged minority, the chosen (the best), as well as the social stratum itself, consisting, as a rule, of large landowners (in feudal Russia and in other countries of the Middle Ages and Modern times).

Ozhegov's Dictionary

ARISTOCRUS A TIA, And, and.

1. The highest noble class of the nobility.

2. trans. The privileged part of the class or what. public group. Financial a. (top of financial circles).

| adj. aristocratic, oh, oh.

Philosophical Dictionary (Comte-Sponville)

Aristocracy

Aristocracy

♦ Aristocratie

Power of the best ( aristoi) or those who are considered the best. The etymology of the word explains why it is necessary to distinguish between aristocracy and oligarchy - the power of individual people, distinguished regardless of their personal merits. In practice, however, both concepts tend to merge into one because, firstly, it is never possible to say with certainty who exactly can be considered the best, and secondly, because the likelihood that they will gain access is too small to power. Any government that calls itself an aristocracy is in reality an oligarchy.

Ushakov's Dictionary

Aristocracy

aristocracy(aristocracy outdated), aristocracy, pl. No, wives (Greek aristokratia - dominance of the best).

1. A government system in which power belongs to the rich and noble ( ist. watered).

2. collected The highest stratum of the nobility, high-born nobility.

| A set of senior persons of some social group occupying a highest, exclusive position in their environment. Merchant aristocracy. Service aristocracy. Labor aristocracy (in capitalist states - highly paid categories of workers, separated from the masses and under the influence of bourgeois ideology).

Aristocracy of mind, talent ( books) - the most intelligent, talented people.

Political science. Glossary of terms

Aristocracy

(from the Greek aristos - best and kratos - power) - a form of government in the state and a social stratum that exercises power in it. In antiquity, the rule of the aristocracy was considered the best as the power of worthy, competent people (scientists, philosophers, etc.), in contrast to tyranny, ochlocracy (the power of the crowd), timocracy (the power of selfish people). In modern times, a supporter of the aristocracy was, for example, G. Grotius. In other concepts (Bolingbroke, E. Burke, I. Bentham), the aristocracy acts as an element of a “mixed form of government”, a constitutional-monarchical system, serving as a necessary counterbalance to other - monarchical, democratic - structures, and a guarantor against the usurpation of power. In England, the House of Lords, the upper house of parliament, was considered the bearer of the aristocratic principle. In history, an aristocratic republic existed in ancient Sparta, medieval Genoa, Venice, Pskov, Novgorod.

Domanov V.G.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Aristocracy

(Greek) - a republican form of government in which supreme power is exclusively in the hands of the highest privileged classes, which rule either alone or with the assistance of representatives of other classes. It is opposed to democracy, that is, a republic in which sovereign power is recognized as belonging to the entire population or the majority of citizens. At its core is the idea that the state should be governed only by selected, best minds. But in reality, the question of this chosenness finds different solutions; For some, the determining factor is nobility of origin, for others, military valor, higher mental development, religious or moral superiority, and finally, also the size and type of property. However, in most aristocracies, several or all of these factors are combined to determine the right to state power. In addition to the state form, A. is also called the highest aristocratic classes. Belonging to them may be determined by birth and inheritance of known real estate ( family aristocracy , to know in a close sense), or is it associated with the acquisition of special conditions that presuppose it ( monetary And official aristocracy , noblesse financiè re, noblesse de la robe), or finally achieved by election. The people's aristocracy of Ancient Rome belonged to the latter family. The clan and landed aristocracy reached its full development in the feudal organization of the new European society, which replaced ancient civilization; In the fight against this medieval aristocracy, the principle of modern monarchy grew and strengthened. The Great French Revolution dealt a decisive, mortal blow to it, laying the foundation for the dominance of monetary finance, which has now established its rule in all European states. The essence of the aristocratic principle was that dominance should belong to the best people, and it had three important consequences. The first is that even in non-republican states, that is, in monarchies, aristocratic elements participate, if not directly in the possession of supreme power, then in its administration, and, moreover, virtually everywhere, but by virtue of state-legal powers in the so-called. representative monarchies. The latter is carried out mainly in the form of upper chambers; but the lower houses, or houses of representatives, as well as any popular representation in general, in turn also rest on the aristocratic principle. The second consequence is that the broadest democracy not only tolerates aristocratic elements, but in reality is nothing more than expanded democracy, so that both of them are relative concepts and represent only different degrees of development of the same state form and one and the same beginning that defines it. Finally, the third consequence is that in all public unions formed within the state, political, social and even church, as well as in international unions of states, the aristocratic principle appears everywhere (see Nobility).

Aristocracy is a form of government in which the nobility holds power in their hands. It differs from the monarchical form and tyranny. Democracy also has a completely different concept.

The concept of the privileged class

The ancient idealist philosophers Plato and Aristotle first spoke about this type of power. Representatives of the aristocracy were present in some ancient Greek cities and states. They were in Ancient Rome and Sparta.

This form of government was also typical for the republics of the Middle Ages that existed in Europe. The opposite is democracy. Aristocracy, in contrast, does not assign sovereign power to all people or the majority of them. On the contrary, there is a community of chosen ones according to the principle of blood. Aristocracy is the idea of ​​governing the state by the upper class of people, they were assigned the best talents and brilliant minds.

The main factor in the choice of rulers was how noble the origin of the applicants was, and sometimes their valor as warriors was valued. Sometimes they relied on the level of mental development.

Religion and morality were also taken as a standard. Another type that aristocracy can represent is oligarchy. In this case, dominant positions are given to those who have the most property values. As a rule, one factor is not enough. It was believed that only a person who was truly several steps above the average stratum of society was worthy of ruling.

Ways to join the ranks of the aristocrats

Besides the fact that aristocracy is state uniform, this term also denotes the upper class of society. You can get into it if you were born into an appropriate family and inherited a large fortune. The tribal upper stratum of society is precisely characterized by property that far exceeds the average of an ordinary citizen.

The highest aristocracy is identified with special conditions or achievements, thanks to which a person falls into the ranks of the leading representatives of his community. In Ancient Rome, the elevation above the main mass could be clan or land. These people achieved high positions when it came to the feudal system in European society, which replaced ancient civilization. In the struggle against this system, the monarchy, representing the rule of one person, grew and strengthened.

The monetary aristocracy is precisely the institution of power that began to exist as a result of the Great french revolution. Since then, all European states have been controlled by the richest citizens.

Destiny of the best

The aristocratic principle is that only the best people may have dominance. Several important factors emerged from this. Even non-republican states that were monarchies included elements of aristocracy in their model of government. This could not be a direct possession of power in the country, but only individual manifestations.

This was facilitated by the widespread state and legal powers of representative monarchies. In this case, the aristocracy is the upper ruling chambers, as well as the lower ones, receiving orders from above. It is typical to have organizations with representatives on different levels. A single principle united these steps of the ladder of power.

Aristocracy is everywhere

Even in a democracy there are some elements of inequality. The concept of an extended aristocracy is applied. Since power is built differently in different types of society, the understanding of the forms of domination is very relative. We can only become familiar with the various degrees of metamorphosis of any form of government.

All public, social, political and church unions formed in the state carry within themselves the principle of election of the aristocracy. The same can be said at the international level.

In Russia

The Russian aristocracy were nobles whose position was significantly higher than that of the common class. One of the first roles in the state fell on their shoulders. They had a lot of privileges, but had to answer for this with service.

The nobleman was a person who placed himself above those around him, who was a couple of steps ahead, but at the same time responsible, who felt his important role. He served the society of his native state, participated in military operations, and was completely selfless towards the state. The nobles took an oath and followed it. In addition to military service, they also had responsibility for the peasants living on their lands, as well as their own estate.

High moral code

The most important value was faithful service; it was encouraged by noble honor. This was embedded in their psychology at the level of ethics and morality. The nobleman had to listen and follow the orders of his superiors, not be greedy for affection, not ask for service, but also not shirk his duties. The most important thing is honor and courage.

As we see, society noble Russia created for its citizen a portrait painted in the most beautiful tones of morality. After all, if not from the elite, then from whom else should other people take an example?

How to become true nobles

The nobles were not brought up with the help of a certain pedagogical system or methods, did not impose rules. This can be called a way of life or a style of behavior, a conscious choice.

But to some extent, the nobles showed their best character traits by inertia, adopting the habits of their families and imitating relatives. Traditions were not discussed or changed, but were simply observed as a given. Theoretical prescriptions probably would not have had the same effect as the principles that were demonstrated in everyday life, acting in one way or another, communicating in real life. Standards of behavior were practically absorbed with mother's milk.

Model for the rest of society

The Russian nobleman had a range of character traits that were most characteristic of him. He must be independent and brave, show nobility and honor. It was believed that nature endowed Russian aristocrats with these qualities, although they could be enhanced or suppressed by the environment.

The noble environment developed and improved. The qualities of a Russian citizen that I wanted to see in those around me prevailed. The nobles had faith that the future would smooth out the unequal position between layers in Russian society, that the culture of these people, starting from literary works, painting and refined manners, will descend to the peasants, penetrate into their characters. Every person in society will soon be free and enlightened.

To create a high-quality society, it is necessary that only the highest ideals reign in every circle, and that people are characterized by honesty, intelligence and good education. It was through education that a dramatic and positive transformation of the population was to be achieved.

To bear a duty to the Fatherland and to be faithful to it meant the same thing for a nobleman as to be honest with oneself and follow one’s principles. Only those who respect themselves can respect others and vice versa. It was in such a sublime and persistent ideology that the top of Russian society was brought up.

Aristocracy

ARISTOCRACY

(aristocracy) Rule by the best. The criteria by which the best are identified or selected can be very different. For example, management ability can be determined either by technical or evaluative indicators, or by historical or dynastic characteristics. Since, by definition, the best are those who are chosen, the distinction between aristocracy and oligarchy has become blurred over time, and oligarchy is often presented as a perverted form of aristocracy.

Policy. Dictionary. - M.: "INFRA-M", Publishing House "The Whole World". D. Underhill, S. Barrett, P. Burnell, P. Burnham, etc. General editor: Doctor of Economics. Osadchaya I.M.. 2001 .

Aristocracy

(from the Greek aristos - best and kratos - power) - a form of government in the state and a social stratum that exercises power in it. In antiquity, the rule of the aristocracy was considered the best as the power of worthy, competent people (scientists, philosophers, etc.), in contrast to tyranny, ochlocracy (the power of the crowd), timocracy (the power of selfish people). In modern times, a supporter of the aristocracy was, for example, G. Grotius. In other concepts (Bolingbroke, E. Burke, I. Bentham), the aristocracy acts as an element of a “mixed form of government”, a constitutional-monarchical system, serving as a necessary counterbalance to other - monarchical, democratic - structures, and a guarantor against the usurpation of power. In England, the House of Lords, the upper house of parliament, was considered the bearer of the aristocratic principle. In history, an aristocratic republic existed in ancient Sparta, medieval Genoa, Venice, Pskov, Novgorod.

Domanov V.G.

Political science. Dictionary. - M: RSU.

Aristocracy

(from Greek aristos is the best)

a form of government based on the power of a noble privileged minority, the chosen (the best), as well as the social stratum itself, consisting, as a rule, of large landowners (in feudal Russia and in other countries of the Middle Ages and Modern times).

V.N. Konovalov.. 2010.. 2010 .

Political Science: Dictionary-Reference Book.

comp. Prof. Science Sanzharevsky I.I.:

Political science. Dictionary. - RSU

Synonyms See what “Aristocracy” is in other dictionaries:

- (Greek aristokratia, from aristos noble, best, and kratos strength). 1) the highest class in the state. 2) a government in which all supreme power is in the hands of the upper class. 3) a set of persons who have acquired important knowledge in a well-known profession... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language aristocracy- and, f. aristocratie f. , lat. aristocratia gr. 1. Aristocratic form of government. Sl. 18. Some wanted to establish a republic, others an aristocracy, others anarchy, rejecting only monarchical rule. Kheraskov Cadmus 69. Aristocracy or... ...

Historical Dictionary Gallicisms of the Russian language

Nobility, high society, light (big), beau monde, high life (read: highlife). Family aristocracy, monetary aristocracy; aristocracy of mind and talent. . Prot. know. See know money aristocracy... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar... Synonym dictionary

Aristocracy- (aristocracy obsolete), aristocracy, plural. no, female (Greek: aristokratia, domination of the best). 1. A government system in which power belongs to the rich and noble (historical political). 2. collected The highest stratum of the nobility, high-born nobility. ||… … Philosophy terminerdin sozdigi

- (Greek) such a republican form of government in which supreme power is exclusively in the hands of the highest privileged classes, which rule either alone or with the assistance of representatives of other classes. To her… … Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

- (from the Greek aristos best and...cracy), 1) a form of government in which power belongs to representatives of the clan nobility. 2) In a pre-capitalist society, a hereditary nobility with power and privileges; in a number of countries... ... Modern encyclopedia

Female, Greek a government where supreme power is in the hands of nobles, a special upper class; noble power, boyars; | the estate itself is the nobles, the nobility, the highest boyars, the okolnichy, the highest class by birthright, the clan nobility; | nobility... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

- (from Greek, lit. power of the best, most noble), 1) a form of government in which the state. power belongs to a privileged noble minority. As a form of government, Armenia is opposed to monarchy and democracy. “Monarchy as the power of one,... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

- (Greek aristokratia, from aristos noble, best, and kratos strength). 1) the highest class in the state. 2) a government in which all supreme power is in the hands of the upper class. 3) a set of persons who have acquired important knowledge in a well-known profession... ...- and the obsolete aristocracy... Dictionary of difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian language

Books

• Aristocracy of Beroi in the Hellenistic era, Yu. N. Kuzmin. The monograph is devoted to the study of family ties between a number of residents of the Macedonian city of Beroi of the Hellenistic era, which are examined mainly using examples of noble families...