Jazz is a musical movement that has swept the whole world since the 19th century. Its origins are connected with the blues. This direction arose as a combination of several musical cultures. Instead of many other words, it is only worth noting that thousands of people from all over the world love and appreciate this music.

Origin of Jazz

Jazz - musical genre, which originated in African-American communities in the United States. Developed into late XIX and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. Jazz, born in America, can be seen as a reflection of the cultural diversity and individualism of this country.

Intellectuals around the world hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms." As jazz spread throughout the world, it drew on various national musical cultures, which gave rise to different genres.

The question of the origin of the word "jazz" has led to considerable research. It is believed to be related to slang, a slang term dating back to 1860.

There are many styles: classic jazz; hot jazz Chicago style; swing style; Kansas City; gypsy jazz (it is also called jazz-manush).

Gypsy jazz

Gypsy jazz (also known as European manouche jazz) is a style of jazz music believed to have been launched by Gypsy guitarist Jean (Django) Reinhardt in Paris in the 1930s. Since this style comes from France, and Django is from the Manouche gypsy clan, he is often called by the French name Jazz Manouche, or, alternatively, manouche jazz. The term is now widely used for this style of music.

In those days, dance music was welcomed, and many of the dance hall musicians were gypsies. They traveled for the most part Central Europe without allegiance to any particular country. Some of them remained nomads, and some settled where they could find work. They brought with them many ideas and infused regional popular music with their own styles. So, jazz-manush music was influenced by cultures different countries: Russia, Italy, Belgium, Spain and the Middle East, as well as the Balkans.

Peculiarities

With the advent of bebop (at the end of the 40s), interest in gypsy jazz was somewhat reduced, only the style continued to exist and became one of the most beloved areas of today's jazz.

Although there are many instrumental lineups, a band consisting of one guitar, violin, two rhythm guitars and bass is often the norm. Jazz manush aims for an acoustic sound, even when played in amplified concerts.

Top Performers

Below are the artists of this genre who are listened to by thousands of people:

• Louis Armstrong (American jazz trumpeter, vocalist, bandleader).
• Django Reinhardt (Jean (Django) Reinhardt (January 23, 1910 - May 16, 1953), guitarist and composer.
• Stefan Grappelli (January 26, 1908 – December 1, 1997) was a pioneering jazz violinist who founded a string ensemble with Django Reinhardt in 1934.
• Biréli Lagrène was born on September 4, 1966 in Soufflenheim (Bas-Rhin) into a traditional gypsy family and community. He began playing the guitar at the age of four.
• "Rosenberg Trio" - two guitarists and one bassist.
• "Lost Fingers" - (2008 to present) acoustic trio based in Quebec City.

10 Great Gypsy Jazz Songs:

• "Small Swing" (Django Reinhardt).
• "For Sephora" (Stochelo Rosenberg).
• "Nouages" (Django Reinhardt).
• "Belleville" (Django Reinhardt).
• "Dark Eyes" (traditional).
• "Troublant Bolero" (Django Reinhardt).
• "Small Blues" (Django Reinhardt).
• "I'll See You in My Dreams" (Jones/Kahn).
• "Coquette" (Green/Lombardo).
• "Sweet Georgia Brown" (Bernie/Pinkard).

As they say in famous proverb, there are no comrades for taste and color. Everyone listens to the music they like best. After all, it inspires, gives a lot of energy and emotions. And jazz-manush remains one of the most popular jazz styles today.

Jazz-manouche (Manush) or gypsy-jazz (Gypsy) is a movement originally from Europe, combining the traditional motives of the gypsies of the Manush group and swing. The solo instrument is an acoustic guitar, joined by a violin, accordion, saxophone and clarinet. There are no drums, percussion is created by a special guitar rhythm.

Performers

The European style of jazz, which combined ethnic traditional motifs of the gypsy group “Manush” and swing, was called jazz-manouche or gypsy-jazz. Acoustic guitar- usually the solo instrument of a group performing music in this style. Accordion, violin, clarinet and saxophone can also play this role. The missing drums are replaced by an accompanying guitar, with the help of which percussion is realized. The leading part is distinguished by its fast rhythm and transitions to improvisation characteristic of the style. Among the important elements, it is worth highlighting the gypsy scale - the Hungarian minor, as well as the doubly melodic minor, which is combined with auxiliary tones and chromaticisms. The weak beat is emphasized with the help of rhythm, and the rhythmic pattern swings.

Gypsy musicians played in places where large numbers of ordinary people gathered: at fairs, squares, and markets. In these places, dance music was mainly in demand, and the most successful was the one who made those around him dance. The melody should be simple, but beautiful, emotional, sincere and temperamental. Those gypsy clans that found refuge in the Parisian suburbs at the end of the 19th century actively used the Bal-musette style. This French dance has been popular since 1980 and was actively performed in squares. To this day, one of the foundations of the gypsy-jazz style is its melody.

In the 20-30s of the last century in Paris there was a need for some new musical direction. Django Reinhard and the Ferre brothers armed themselves with these prerequisites, which they began to develop jazz-manush, which instantly acquired a large army of fans. However, in the 40s, the popularity of the style faded under the massive onslaught of bebop and other jazz styles. Mass interest in gypsy jazz was lost, however, it was not forgotten. Today this is one of the most interesting ethnic areas of jazz music, which continues to develop.

Noun, number of synonyms: 1 jazz (16) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

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