God created man in his own image. But the most important thing that he gave to his creation was the ability to think, reflect and make choices. Sometimes we face very complex problems that seem quite difficult to solve on our own. In this case, heroes come to the rescue literary works who offer their compelling arguments. The problem of choice is the main theme USE essays, so the younger generation needs to be properly prepared for the decisive stage in their lives.

Problems of choice in human life

Think about it, how often in a day do you have to solve questions to which there are two or even more answers? First you think about what to eat for breakfast, then how to dress for school and which way to go there. After classes, you usually wonder whether to do your homework now, or after the party? Should I go for a walk with Masha or Kolya today? All these issues are just minor daily problems that you can surely handle easily.

But in life there are more serious choices. Sooner or later, you will have to think about where to go to study, where to work, how to determine your path in life. We need to think about this now, on the threshold adult life. This is why teachers ask students to read works at school, analyze them and draw conclusions. So that in the future it will be easier for you, based on the experience of others. We invite you to consider the problem of life choice found in literature. We present the arguments as examples.

Social problems

What kind of young man Are there any difficulties with society? Teenagers, as you know, are very emotional and emotionally unstable people. During puberty, they have completely unusual thoughts, and sometimes it seems to them that the whole world is against them. But survival in society is the key to a happy adult life. And you need to learn this as early as possible. The table on the left side presents the selection problem, arguments from the literature on the right.

	Problem name	Argument
	Some people are too rich, others are too poor.	Dostoevsky F. M. “Crime and Punishment.” Despite the fact that the novel raises many different problems, the main one is the level of poverty beyond which the main characters are forced to exist.
	Closedness, focus only on one’s own world, without regard to others.	There is a problem of choice in the works: Saltykov-Shchedrin “The Wise Minnow” and Chekhov “The Man in a Case”.
	Loneliness and its severity.	A good example is “The Fate of Man” by Sholokhov. The problem of life choice and loneliness appears in two characters at once - Andrei Sokolov and the boy Vanya. Both lost everything that was dear to them during the war.

School relationship problems

Such difficulties also occur quite often. Moreover, understanding them, let alone solving them, can be very difficult for a teenager. Parents, as a rule, cannot or do not want to interfere with the relationship between teachers and students. Let's consider what the literature has to say about this.

	Problem name	Argument
	Reluctance to learn and gain knowledge	This is also a significant problem of choice in a person’s life. There are arguments about the reluctance to acquire knowledge in F. I. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor.” The main character, being lazy and a slob, never achieved anything in life, and was not fit for independent existence.
		He offers excellent arguments in his autobiographical trilogy A. M. Gorky “Childhood”, “In People”, “My Universities”.
	The role of the Russian language in the life of any person	Nabokov, in his novel “The Gift,” extols the Russian language as a gift of fate and teaches how to appreciate what is given from above. It is also useful to read Turgenev’s poems, in which he admires the power and greatness of the Russian language.
	The clash of different views on life	Teacher and student are like father and child. One has enormous experience behind him and his own adult view of the world. The other has his own opinion, often contradicting the adult. This is also a kind of problem of choice. Arguments from literature can be drawn from Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons.”

Family problems

Where would we be without them? Family problems always arise at any age. We can hurt the person closest to us, and not even think about his feelings. He will still forgive. And sometimes we hurt our own parents the most. It is very difficult to protect yourself from mistakes. But you can read what the problem of choice is. Arguments from the literature will help with this.

	Problem name	Argument
	The complexity of the relationship between parents and children.	Parents often do not understand their offspring's point of view. The choice of children seems terrible to them, contrary to the norms and rules of life. But sometimes children are also wrong. Read Gogol's story "Taras Bulba". This is a very serious work that makes you think about how the problem of choice happens in a person’s life. The arguments are impressive.
	The role of childhood	Do you think everything is simple for children? No matter how it is. We live in a relatively calm and stable time and can give children the joy of growing up. But not many people had it. Pristavkin writes about how quickly you can grow up during the war years in his story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.” Tolstoy also encounters the problem of life choice. Look for arguments in the trilogy “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth”.
3.	Family relationships. Orphanhood.	Family values ​​need to be preserved. Proof of this is the epic novel by L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. Don’t be lazy, read everything, and you will understand how important it is to preserve what has developed and been established for centuries.

The problem of choosing a life path. Arguments from literature

Even an adult sometimes feels like his life has failed. The work is not to your liking, the profession does not bring the desired profit, there is no love, nothing around promises happiness. Now, if I had then, ten years ago, gone to study there, or married so-and-so, then my life would have turned out completely differently, perhaps happier. A person creates his own destiny and everything depends on this choice. The biggest difficulty is that the literature will help to understand this extremely complex issue.

Probably the best example for younger generation- this is Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”. The theme of the entire work is choosing your place in life. Based on the destinies of several people, the author tells what can happen if you are weak-willed, or, conversely, strong-willed and stubborn. Ilya Oblomov as main character, carries within itself negative traits- inability to work, laziness and stubbornness. As a result, he turns into a kind of shadow, without purpose and happiness.

Another example of how inheritance, and not one’s own choice, influence a person’s life is “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin. It would seem, what else is needed? to a young nobleman? Carefree life, balls, love. There is no need to think about how to work, where to get money for food. But Onegin is not satisfied with such a life. He protests against the established social life, against the moral standards of his time, for which many consider him an eccentric. Onegin's main task is to find new values, the meaning of his life.

What to do with the profession

Another insoluble problem of the younger generation is the problem of choosing a profession. Parents can give completely different arguments when offering their child the best activity in life, in their opinion. Now this situation is not uncommon. Moms and dads force them to go to study where their child does not want to go. They argue their position in different ways: being a doctor is profitable, being a financier is prestigious, being a programmer is in demand, but a poor teenager just wants to become a machinist.

This happened with the main character of Mikhail Weller’s work “I Want to Be a Janitor.” The main character had a problem choosing a profession. His parents gave him arguments in favor of who he should become. They advised me to look at others who successfully defend their candidate's theses and perform at concerts after the conservatory. But the hero did not want to exchange his freedom for sitting in his pants in classrooms and studying books. He was attracted by his childhood dream of becoming a janitor, which is what he aspired to.

An example of the fact that it is not enough to choose a good profession to your liking, but you also need to develop your skills, is given by A.P. Chekhov in the story “Ionych”. Especially if you are a doctor. This was the case with the main character Ionych. He worked conscientiously, helping people until he became obsolete. He did not follow new developments in pharmacology and was not interested in new treatment methods. He risked losing his well-being. Moral of the piece: right choice profession is only half the success; your skills and talent need to be improved.

Problem Arguments

All our actions are influenced by the world around us. Before taking this or that step, we will definitely think about whether it contradicts the norms of social relations, conscience, morality, etc. This is all a problem moral choice. The arguments here are simple. A wise man once said that there is never a right decision. Because for you it will be true, but for others it will be false. Let's see what literature teaches us.

	Problem name	Argument
	Humanity, mercy	The most best examples cited by M. Sholokhov. He has several stories from which one can draw ideas about mercy and humanity. This is “The Science of Hate”, “The Fate of Man”.
	Cruelty	Sometimes circumstances force a person to commit cruel and terrible acts. It's hard to find such arguments. The problem of choice arose among the heroes of M. Sholokhov’s epic novel “ Quiet Don" The action takes place during the years of the revolution, and the main characters have to sacrifice something in the name of the revolution.
3.	About dreams and reality	Here you can’t do without the romantic story of A. Green “ Scarlet Sails" But what would have happened if Gray had never appeared in Assol’s life? In reality this does not happen. Of course, dreams sometimes come true, but you need to put a lot of effort into it yourself.
4.	The fight between good and evil	Two elements are always fighting within us - good and evil. Think about your actions and you will find arguments. The problem of choice also faced the heroes of Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. This is an excellent work in which the branches of good and bad deeds are very skillfully intertwined.
5.	Self-sacrifice	And again “The Master and Margarita”. A woman left her home, wealth and family for the sake of her beloved. She became weightlessness, a shadow, and sold her soul to the devil for the sake of her Master. The work makes you think. And one more story that I would like to remember in this context. This is Gorky's "Old Woman Izergil". The brave hero Danko tore his heart out of his chest to save people, thanks to which the path was illuminated and everyone was saved.

Personal problems

The most painful topic for teenagers is love. At the same time, it is the most interesting thing to write about. And how many examples can you give! Love and romantic relationships are another issue of choice. The essay is forced to be written based on one’s own thoughts, which are sometimes confused and mixed up. Let's consider what arguments can be given in this context.

I immediately want to remember tragic love Romeo and Juliet in Shakespeare's play. Misunderstanding on the part of relatives and enmity between clans lead to tragic consequences, although the young people were sincerely in love and experienced only the most tender and virginal feelings for each other.

An excellent example of a real romantic relationship in Kuprin’s story “ Garnet bracelet" After reading this work, I want to believe that love is the best feeling that has ever arisen in a person. “Garnet Bracelet” is an ode to the young, a hymn to happiness and prose of innocence.

Love is sometimes destructive. There are arguments for this in the literature. The problem of choice appeared before Anna Karenina in the novel of the same name by L.N. Tolstoy. The feelings that arose for the young officer Volkonsky became destructive for her. For the sake of new happiness, a woman abandoned her devoted husband and beloved son. She sacrificed her status, reputation, position in society. And what did you get for it? Love and happiness or sadness and disappointment?

Problems of ecology, relationships with nature

The problem of choice in life is different. A variety of arguments were given. It's time to talk about the environment in which we live. IN Lately humanity has seriously thought about the fact that man, in fact, treats his home, Mother Earth, very disdainfully. And all actions aimed at preserving the health of the planet do not bring significant results. The ozone layer is being destroyed, the air is being polluted, there is practically no clean fresh water left in the world...

Do you allow yourself to leave garbage behind after a vacation in the forest? Do you burn plastic and put out the flames before leaving? The authors wrote a lot about relationships with nature. Let's consider what can be useful for the Unified State Exam.

Let's start with the dystopian novel “We” by E. Zamyatin. It's about about the inhabitants of a certain Unified State who became numbers, and their entire existence is possible only within the framework of the Tablet of Hours. They have no trees and rivers, because the whole world is built from human buildings and devices. They are surrounded by perfectly even proportions of glass houses. And relationships and love are allowed if there is a pink card. Such a world was depicted by Zamyatin specifically to show that a person will turn into a programmed robot without nature, real feelings and the beauty of the world around him.

The struggle between nature and man takes place in E. Hemingway’s work “The Old Man and the Sea.” This shows the real problem of human choice. The arguments are flawless. If you want to live, hold on. This applies to both a weak old man and a strong shark caught on a hook. The fight for life goes to the death. Who will win and who will give up? A short story that makes you think deeply about the meaning and price of life.

The problem of patriotism

Excellent arguments about love for the Motherland can be found in many. It is in these difficult times that the sincerity of feelings truly manifests itself.

An example of ideology about the false and true patriotism can be considered the epic novel by L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. There are many scenes in the books dedicated to this. It is worth remembering Natasha Rostova, who persuaded her mother to sacrifice carts for the wounded at Borodino. At the same time, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky himself is mortally wounded in a decisive battle.

But the most great love to the Motherland - among ordinary soldiers. They do not make loud speeches, do not praise the king, but are simply ready to die for their region, for their country. The author directly says that Napoleon was defeated in that war only due to the unity of the entire Russian people. The French commander in other countries faced exclusively the army, but in Russia he was opposed by ordinary people different classes and titles. At Borodino, Napoleon's army suffered a moral defeat, and the Russian army won thanks to its powerful fortitude and patriotism.

Conclusion

How to pass the exam with flying colors - this the main problem choice. We tried to present arguments (Unified State Examination) that are most often found in essay topics. All that remains is to choose what you need.

These sample essays for various texts will help in preparing graduates for the state exam.

“Essay based on the text of Pavlyuchenko on December 14, 1825...”

Moral choice... Meanness or honesty, loyalty or betrayal, feelings or reason? Each of us will sooner or later face acceptance important decision. The famous publicist Pavlyuchenko also talks about the possibility of moral choice.

The severity of this problem is indicated by known fact: There are currently a waiting list of 20,000 people in so-called nursing homes. This is an indicator that in modern society people often put their own comfort and peace of mind above the needs of their loved ones. The author of the text offered to me examines the problem of moral choice using the example of the feat of the wives of the Decembrists. Pavlyuchenko contrasts the wealthy life of noblewomen, a happy family life, and position in society with the miserable life in “peasant huts with mica windows and a smoking stove.” The author pays special attention to the voluntary refusal of noblewomen from a rich and moderate life, analyzing the reasons for the women’s actions.

The author's position is not expressed verbally, but is understandable. It is no coincidence that the author, describing the actions of the wives of the Decembrists, says that they behaved “bravely.” Thus, the publicist focuses on the dedication, courage and perseverance of his heroines. Behind the dry words of business papers (“I wish to share the fate of my husband”) we feel the author’s deep respect for the heroines. In the final part of the text, the publicist addresses the author of the novel “Crime and Punishment.” Like F.M. Dostoevsky, Pavlyuchenko evaluates the act of the Decembrists’ wives as the highest sacrifice.

At one time, the problem of moral choice worried such writers as L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, A.I. Kuprin. I would like to turn to the latter’s story “Anathema”. The hero of the story, Father Olympius, faces a choice: to fulfill his job responsibilities, which means anathematize L.N. Tolstoy or not to disobey the orders of the ruler. Protodeacon Olympius knows the consequences of disobedience (“they’ll put you in a monastery”!), and he decides to resign his rank. His soul does not tolerate anger, revenge, punishment of the writer, who awakened the most sincere feelings in him, because even at night he admired the charming lines of the story, was touched and cried.

No less interestingly, the problem of moral choice is considered in his story “The Wolf Pack” by V.V. Bykov. The hero of the work, Levchuk, is faced with a choice: to risk himself to save someone else’s baby or to run away alone, thinking about his life. Without a moment's hesitation, the partisan chooses a difficult path through the swamp, trying with all his might not to harm the child and not to be discovered. Was it difficult for Levchuk to make his choice? Undoubtedly. The more respect the hero’s decision evokes.

Concluding my essay - reasoning, I cannot help but note that the problem of moral choice will inevitably face each of us and I want to believe that we will be able to solve it with dignity.

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“Essay based on the text by L. Sobolev Nineteen-year-old Andrei Krotkikh...”

In the text offered to me, the writer poses the problem of moral choice.

To attract the reader's attention to the question posed, A.N. Sobolev narrates an episode from the life of his hero, nineteen-year-old Red Navy man Andrei Krotkikh. Before our eyes, a young fighter has to make a difficult choice. Andrei can, without thinking about himself, throw himself onto a “burning box with mines,” which will set the entire ship on fire, and save Commissar Filatov. Or, succumbing to “mean, panicky cowardice and fear,” rush from the stern along with everyone else. It is no coincidence that the author describes in such detail internal state the hero, his thoughts: “if he stumbles, then no one will help him,” “if this happens, then shells will begin to explode in the fire after the mines.” It is important for the writer to show how difficult the moral choice between one’s own interests and the salvation of others can be. Of course, the author approves of the protagonist’s decision, which is why the “grateful hug” of the commissar “for the act that he, Andrei Krotkikh, just did” is so important to Andrei.

The conclusion that A.N. Sobolev comes to in the course of his narration is close and understandable to me. I believe that not only the well-being of others, but also one’s own future can depend on the correctness of the decision.

To substantiate my point of view, I would like to turn to the work “Old Woman Izergil” by the famous 20th century author M. Gorky. Our focus is on Danko, whom the main character talks about. Together with Danko, we see how people who find themselves among swamps and stone trees weaken, how fear is born in their souls, how ready they are for the fate of slaves. It is difficult to imagine the life of this people if it were not for the protagonist’s intention to sacrifice himself. Reading this story, you understand that Danko’s decision is the right moral choice. That is why people created a legend about him.

You can make sure that your own future can depend on the right choice by reading V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”. We learn about the partisan Rybak, who was captured by the Germans. Reading the work, you don’t fully believe that for the sake of his own life the hero will betray the partisan detachment, and Demchikha, and the headman, and the exhausted Sotnikov. V. Bykov shows what terrible consequences a mistake can lead to: Rybak understands that, having remained physically alive and avoided the gallows, the hero “liquidates” himself morally, realizing that now he has no place either among strangers or among his own.

The text by A.N. Sobolev is addressed to each of us. Only when you put yourself in the place of the main character do you think about how important the right moral choice is.

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“Essay based on the test by Yu. Bondarev. The actress was...”

Moral choice... Own well-being or the benefit of society?.. Reason or feelings?.. Fortunately or unfortunately, each of us is faced with the problem of a difficult choice. So the famous publicist Bondarev, in the text offered to me, touches on this important problem.

Of course, the question that is the focus of the author’s attention is relevant. There is confirmation of this: according to statistics, the number of so-called nursing homes is increasing, and, nevertheless, more than 20,000 people are waiting their turn in these institutions! This means that the choice between one’s own peace of mind and caring for loved ones is often not made in favor of the latter. If we talk about historical roots problems, then we can recall the 10 biblical commandments - more than 2000 years ago there was a need to prescribe basic moral values ​​so that the choice in favor of morality was undeniable.

Yu. Bondarev does not verbally express his opinion on what is happening, but his position is extremely clear. We can confidently say that the author treats his heroine with sympathy: using the epithets “frightened” (eyes), “trembling” (fingers), “skinny” (bones) - the writer conveys the fear, confusion, and defenselessness of the young actress. The author convinces us that the heroine is making the right choice by depicting the second hero: “chubby hands”, “flat mouth”, “short stature” - these details create the image of “Mr. Cruelty”, an all-powerful man who uses his power without thinking about others. The writer believes that the choice made by the main character is the most correct, given the circumstances that happened to her.

Of course, I agree with Yu. Bondarenko’s point of view, and if I have to make a difficult choice, then I hope I will make it correctly. An example of this can be considered the act of Father Olympius, the hero of A. Kuprin’s story “Anathema”. In life, the archdeacon was given a choice: having betrayed his convictions, remain in the service, enjoy well-deserved respect, be the darling of the public, or betray his love for the work of L.N. Tolstoy, lose your position, public praise, but not give up your soul, faith, principles. And instead of the word “anathema,” he proclaims “many le-e-e-ta-a-a-a,” defining his choice.

The issue of true choice is illuminated no less clearly by V. Bykov in the story “The Wolf Pack.” I am surprised and delighted by the decision of one of the main characters - Levchuk. Between saving a child, three days in a swamp, his own life and the future of an unknown “little one,” he, without hesitation, chooses deprivation and danger. Following the author of the story, I understand that the sacrifice was not in vain, because after 30 years the main reward and merit of the former partisan is the life of this baby saved from the “wolf pack”.

I conclude my discussion with a firm conviction of how important the right choice is in the life of each of us.

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“Essay based on the text by K.S. Aksakov Public opinion...”

“Public opinion is good and great power...” - it is with this phrase from the text offered to me that I would like to begin my essay - reasoning. Does public opinion really have that much influence? Is it necessary to support the moral imperfection of a person if society extols him? Are moral laws important for public opinion? I am sure that the questions that arise concern not only me. So the author of the text offered to me raises the problem of a person’s responsibility to himself and society as a whole.

Moral problem, which is the focus of the author’s attention, undoubtedly worries many. We are all concerned about the situation in Ukraine: the “stable” shelling of “dormitory” areas, the death of children, pensioners, women, robberies and violence, the bombing of schools, hospitals and kindergartens - all this personifies Ukraine today! Is this what the people who stood in the center of Kyiv in November 2013 wanted? No, of course not, but, unfortunately, public opinion turned out to be stronger than the arguments of individual politicians and public figures. Go to a rally? - Yes! Overthrow the government? - Yes! And no one thought what would happen next! A similar situation is considered by the famous publicist K. Aksakov, analyzing the behavior of guests who came to visit a host who is not distinguished by morality and, it turns out, approve of his vices.

The author’s position, it seems to me, is formulated in the following sentence: “... personal morality alone is not enough, public morality is necessary.” In other words, in order to be considered truly kind and moral, a person is obliged to express his position, and not support the opinion of people who are immoral and deceitful, but endowed with power. Is it really that important? Yes, the author believes that this is very necessary for the development of a society that represents a moral union.

Of course, I agree with the author’s opinion: public opinion has the greatest influence. As a first argument in support of my position, I would like to recall M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. Pontius Pilate, this hero who amazed me, was found on “twelve thousand moons” of loneliness and glory as a coward and traitor, suffering from pangs of conscience. For what, you ask? And because, choosing between the life of Yeshua (and therefore justice!) and his own selfish well-being, he gives preference to the second. Why did he do this, because he knew that Ishua was not a criminal? And because the people (and therefore society) demanded the death of Ishua, the crowd shouted his name, demanding execution. Here is an example when public opinion is immoral. Pontius Pilate (sacrificing his career) could have stopped the execution, but the fear that society would reject him prevented this.

Ray Bradbury examines this problem no less vividly in his dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451. This work depicts a conflict between society (which prefers not reading books, but burning them, not big family with many children, but walls with “relatives”, not conversations between people, but listening to “shells”) and a small group of people. There are few of them, but they know the value of books, live communication, morality and spirituality, they are the keepers of information, the connection between generations. The main character, Montag, tries to rebel against the “murderous regime”, but society categorically resists this. Maybe Montag should have come to terms with his “tastes”? I think not! Protesting main character finds like-minded people, which means that the formation of a new society has begun, in which there is no place for “relatives”.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you that the society that surrounds us is ourselves, which means that if you want to change society, start with yourself first.

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“Essay based on the text by Yu. Bondareva Actress...”

Choice... Difficult questions, in answering which one has to choose between observing one's own moral principles and receiving benefits, are classified as a problem of moral choice. The famous Russian writer Yu. Bondarev discusses its importance in the text offered to me.

Undoubtedly, the topic of observing moral commandments and moral principles worries many. It is enough to recall the Samara volunteer association “Not OUR Children”, which is engaged in charitable assistance to children's institutions, or refer to the text offered to me. Its author, Yu. Bondarev, examines moral choice using the example of actions main character narrative - a young actress who finds herself in a difficult situation. She refuses to violate her moral principles against the wishes of the owner of the house, a person with influence. The author focuses the reader's attention on the difference in the position of the heroes. For example, the actress is described as very fragile and insecure: “..her thin hand trembled..”, “... defenseless bones...”. Her interlocutor, on the contrary, seems to be a very self-confident, unbending person: “... an all-powerful man...”, “... with a look... firm...”.

The author's position is not clearly expressed, however, by analyzing the text, it can be revealed. So, for example, the owner of the house is described as an omnipotent, unshakable person who only wants to satisfy his needs. And even his glasses were called ruthless by Yu. Bondarev! What, if not this, can complete the image? negative hero? The description of the actress, in turn, is contrasted with him. “... blushed childishly...”, “... smiled at him with pitiful timidity...”, “... shoulders... thin, narrow...” - all these details evoke a feeling of compassion for the girl. It seems to me that in this way the author expresses sympathy for the heroine and his dislike for, as he writes, “Mr. Cruelty.”

I completely agree with the position of Yu. Bondarev. I have heard more than once about similar situations in which many had to sacrifice something for the sake of observing their own moral principles. The problem of moral choice is touched upon by many writers, and I would like to highlight some of them. The story of the Belarusian writer Vasil Bykov “Wolf Pack” describes the situation of a difficult moral choice that the main character faces. Partisan Levchuk finds himself in a situation where he must either try to save the baby, but possibly be discovered by enemy soldiers, or leave the child to die and reduce the risk of his own death. The hero commits the only true, but no less heroic act - he saves the newborn. During the escape of the hero and the child, they have to wait three days, being in a swamp without food or water, and this turns out to be not in vain - the heroes are saved. This act evokes many feelings, one of which is boundless respect for the hero.

The hero of another story by V. Bykov, “Sotnikov,” evokes the same feeling. The situation described in it differs from the previous one: here the hero faces a terrible choice: betray his squad and save his life, or die himself, but give others a chance to survive. The choice is truly difficult: in the face of death, not everyone can maintain humanity, but for the main character this turns out to be a feasible task - he sacrifices himself for the sake of others. Both cases are also interesting because during the war years such situations happened everywhere. Every day people sacrificed themselves to save someone else, to save people dear to their hearts.

After my analysis, there is no doubt that moral choice is the most difficult choice in a person’s life. This problem is eternal, situations requiring the ability to sacrifice one’s own good for the good of other people are inevitable, and if I found myself in a similar situation, I would like to show myself as worthy as the heroes of Vasil Bykov’s stories.

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“Essay based on the text by A. Aleksin That year, father and mother...”

Does much really depend on making the right moral choice? This is exactly the question that modern prose writer Anatoly Aleksin asks in the text offered to me.

Analyzing the problem, the author turns to a fragment from the life of his hero. The writer talks about the difficult life situation in which Seryozha found himself: the teenager must choose between his own peace of mind and the well-being of his family. It seems to me that it is no coincidence that antithesis was chosen as the main compositional device. The author contrasts two points of view on solving this problem. On the one hand, this is the position of Shurik, who, for his own benefit, is ready to step over the feelings of Nina Georgievna, “disappear from this house and not remind of himself” to the woman who gave him thirteen years of her life. Seryozha is opposed to him: for three and a half years he hid his communication with Nina Georgievna, because “he was afraid of destroying something, he was afraid of offending his mother,” he valued the happiness and “exemplary character” of his family. The final part of the text contains the arguments of the main character, his internal monologues. They help the author show how difficult the path to the only correct moral choice can be and how important it is not to make a mistake when making a decision.

The author's point of view is beyond doubt. A. Aleksin is convinced that moral choice determines a person’s personality, which is why it is so important not to make mistakes in your decisions. It seems to me that the writer’s position is expressed in the point of view of the main character, who is sure that the life of those who “began to need you” can depend on the choice of one person.

I certainly agree with A. Aleksin’s point of view and believe that moral choice determines not only our future, but also the lives of those around us.

I would like to substantiate my point of view by referring to the work B. Vasilyeva “My horses are flying.” We meet one of the heroes, Dr. Jansen, in the dead rainy autumn during his funeral and see how throughout the cemetery, praying for different languages to different gods, women, children, men kneeling in the mud... How did this man deserve such respect for himself? Reading autobiographical story, we learn that Dr. Jansen, sacrificing himself, saved two teenagers (he pulled them out of a sewer well, the air in which was oversaturated with methane). His choice not only saved the children, but also united the residents of the city of Smolensk, saving their faith in man. Reading about the hero, I realized that the lives of many can depend on the moral choice of one person.

Vasil Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” helps you think about why it is so important to make the right decision. Before our eyes, Rybak, a partisan captured by the Nazis, has to make a choice: to save his life at the cost of betraying his Motherland or to share the fate of his comrades and die with dignity. The hero chooses life, but what does this decision cost him? Having survived, Rybak “liquidates” himself as a person worthy of respect: he understands that there is no place for him on this earth: neither among his devoted comrades, nor among the Germans. Vasil Bykov shows how great the consequences of a moral choice can be and how important it is not to make a mistake when making a decision.

Of course, in life, each of us will have to make a choice between our own peace of mind and the interests of others. It is important to understand what your decision may lead to and make it consciously.

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“Essay based on the text by V. Soloukhin There was a war, for which we...”

Do moral laws apply in difficult war years? Is there a place for compassion, mercy and humanity at this time? These questions are raised by the author of the text proposed to me, V.A. Soloukhin. The problem of moral choice is the focus of the writer's attention.

Revealing the problem, the author talks about the difficult, hungry life of sixteen-year-old boys during the war. We see how the heroes try to survive on four hundred grams of bread a day, how they try to get food by any means. In such a situation, is it worth thinking about others or should everyone take care of themselves, live by their own interests and needs? In order to show that this question can be answered in different ways, the author contrasts the positions of Mishka, his father, the driver and the main character. The first believe that they need to worry about themselves, so foodstuffs unthinkable in times of famine are stored in a closed, secret “barn.” This is contrasted with the point of view of the protagonist who lived in the same room, who was ready to sacrifice the weekend for the sake of his comrades, to go forty-five kilometers to the village to bring bread. It is no coincidence that in the final part of the story the author focuses on the fate of Mishka, who “didn’t complain to anyone” about the boys who broke the nightstand, but could no longer live in their room. Showing that Mishka’s consumerist, indifferent position leads him to the position of an outcast, the author convinces of how important it is to make the right decision so as not to be of no use to anyone.

We can understand the author’s position in relation to V.A. Soloukhin to his heroes. Describing Mishka, the author does not hide his negative attitude towards him. “Greeds”, “grabbers”, “shameless lies”, “cunning look” - these details leave no doubt: the writer does not accept the immoral choice of Mishka and others like him and is sure that it is very important to be able to make the right choice from a moral point of view.

The author’s position is clear and close to me. You can make sure that even today it is important to make the right decision by getting acquainted with the periodical press. Increasingly, essays about real heroes who sacrificed themselves for others appear in newspapers and magazines - the choice of these people is considered correct and worthy.

Arguing my position, I would like to turn to M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. We see how difficult it is for one of the main characters to make a decision - the procurator of Judea Pontius Pilate. He has to choose: follow the truth and save Yeshua Ha-Nozri, or go against his feelings and desires, send the prisoner to death, retaining his power and authority. Reading about the punishment of the procurator with immortality, we understand that the hero made the wrong decision, which is why he has been tormented by the reputation of a coward and a traitor for more than two thousand years. The procurator's dreams of meeting, talking with the prisoner and leaving with him along the lunar path help to realize what consequences a wrong choice can lead to.

Boris Vasiliev tells in his work “My Horses Are Flying” that the action of one person can affect the fate of an entire city. Before us is the life of Dr. Janson: he comes to patients at any time of the day, in any weather, gives life and everyday advice, does not refuse help, sacrifices himself to save teenagers. Reading about the doctor for the poorest, you understand why after his death he is revered as a saint: the ability of a modest, middle-aged Latvian to forget about himself and about time was valued very highly by the townspeople.

Of course, the text by V.A. Soloukhin is addressed to each of us. The boys' story helps you think about your decisions and actions.

• Situations of moral choice show the true qualities of a person
• A brave, strong-willed person in a difficult life situation would rather choose death than a shameful life
• Moral choices are often so difficult that they can lead to dire consequences
• Only a coward would go over to the side of someone he considered an enemy for the sake of a better life.
• Situations of moral choice are not always associated with a threat to human life
• By a person’s behavior in situations of moral choice, we can judge his internal qualities
• A true personality, devoted to his moral principles, will not be stopped by any life circumstances

Arguments

A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. More than once Pyotr Grinev found himself in difficult life situations when he had to make a choice on which his future life depended. When captured Belogorsk fortress the hero had two options: recognize Pugachev as the sovereign or be executed. Despite his fear, Pyotr Grinev refused to swear allegiance to the impostor, not daring to betray his native country. This is not the only situation of moral choice in which the hero made the right decision and proved that he is a man of honor. Already under investigation, he did not mention that he was connected with Pugachev because of Masha Mironova, because he did not want trouble for his beloved. If Pyotr Grinev had told about her, the girl would probably have been brought to investigation. He did not want this, although such information could justify him. Situations of moral choice showed the true inner qualities of Pyotr Grinev: the reader understands that he is a man of honor, devoted to his homeland and true to his word.

A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. The fate of Tatyana Larina is tragic. In love with Evgeny Onegin, she did not see anyone as her fiancé. Tatiana has to marry Prince N., good man, whom she, however, does not love. Eugene rejected her, not taking the girl’s declaration of love seriously. Later, Onegin sees her at one of the social evenings. Tatyana Larina is changing: she becomes a stately princess. Evgeny Onegin writes letters to her, confesses his love, hoping that she will leave her husband. For Tatyana, this is a situation of moral choice. She does the right thing: she maintains her honor and loyalty to her husband. Although Tatyana is still in love with Onegin, she asks him to leave her alone

M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man.” The trials that people went through during wartime showed the willpower and character of everyone. Andrei Sokolov showed himself as a man faithful to the military duty of a soldier. Once captured, he was not afraid to express his thoughts about the backbreaking labor to which the prisoners were forced. When, due to someone's denunciation, he was summoned to Müller, the hero refused to drink German weapons to the victory. He was ready to endure hunger, to give up the desire to drink before dying, but to preserve his honor and show the true qualities of a Russian soldier. The moral choice of Andrei Sokolov allows us to consider him a real person with great strength who loves his country.

L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. The situation of moral choice in which Natasha Rostova finds herself is not related to the threat to her life. When everyone was leaving Moscow, besieged by the French, the Rostov family took away their belongings. The heroine was faced with a choice: take away things or give up carts to transport the wounded. Natasha Rostova chose not things, but helping people. The situation of moral choice showed that material well-being is not as important for the heroine as helping those who are in trouble. We can say that Natasha Rostova is a person with high moral values.

M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. Everyone makes a moral choice based on their life principles, goals, attitudes and desires. The most dear person in life for Margarita was her Master. To see her beloved, she undoubtedly agreed to a deal with the devil. In a situation of moral choice, she chose what was most dear to her, despite the horror of the method of achieving her goal. Margarita was ready for anything, even such a dishonorable act, because the meeting with the Master was vital for her.

N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. Sometimes only the opportunity to choose your own life path reveals true human qualities. Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, who went over to the enemy’s side because of his love for a Polish woman, showed the true traits of his character in a situation of moral choice. He betrayed his father, brother and his homeland, showing vulnerability to the power of love. A real warrior would not take any enemy into account, but Andriy turned out to be different. Circumstances broke him and showed the young man’s inability to be faithful to his military duty and devoted to his native land.

V. Sanin “Seventy degrees below zero.” Sinitsyn did not prepare winter fuel for Gavrilov, which endangered Gavrilov’s life in severe frost conditions. Sinitsyn had a choice: at first he wanted to do everything to ensure the safety of the expedition, but then he was afraid of adverse consequences for his mistake and left everything as it was. The situation of moral choice showed that Sinitsyn is a cowardly person, for whom the desire to remain without punishment is more important than the life of another person, which depends on him.

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In the prose of the 60-80s, among the heroes filled with high moral meaning, there are those who shine with a special light, pure and noble, and carry signs of uniqueness.

This is a long tradition of our literature: the search for the ideal of man in its almost absolute expression. Once upon a time, Chernyshevsky, along with the “simply positive” heroes, needed Rakhmetov, a “special” person. Modern literature, continuing this tradition, gave the world more than one brilliant page, the hero of which turned out to be an unusual or even extraordinary person. Such people of a special, highest standard of morality for me were Sotnikov (V. Bykov “Sotnikov”), Nikolai Pluzhnikov (B. Vasiliev “Not on the Lists...”), Andrey Knyazhko (Yu. Bondarev “The Shore”), Sasha Pankratov (A. Rybakov “Children of Arbat”).

Time has no power over these images. Even though there is a peaceful sky above us now and it is difficult to “try on” the situation, the situations in which my favorite heroes live, fight and win, but they are for me the criterion of morality, which our people are in such dire need of today. society.

What is morality for me? This is, first of all, the ability to sympathize, to compassion. Therefore, if, while reading works, I sympathize with the hero, then I receive a charge of morality.

We can't predict

How our word will respond,

And we are given sympathy,

How grace is given to us...

Tyutchev is right, all considerations of the mind can be refuted, other arguments can be found for reasons, but sympathy is given in addition to logic, considerations of benefit; sympathy comes to the soul in secret ways.

“Ascent” - the authors of the film called the film adaptation of V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”, thus defining the path to immortality through the ascent to Golgotha ​​of physical and moral suffering. The writer reveals the essence of his hero’s feat primarily as a conscious ideological battle. The miracle of the human spirit, namely a miracle that is incomprehensible, impossible, incomprehensible, incredible from the point of view of purely physical resources, is turning before our eyes into the law of the strength of the human spirit. Within the framework of a short story, tragic fate as a legendary feat of a man who realized his views and beliefs in actions and thereby became immortal. Sotnikov has an inexhaustible supply moral forces, and it is they who become the most effective weapon against the investigator-philosopher, the Fisherman, and the enemies leading him to execution.

The human soul is immortal. But everyone? What kind of immortality can the Fisherman dream of if, despite his excellent physical health, he is a living corpse? A light soul Sotnikova moved into a boy, a witness of the victory of fortitude over the animal fear of death.

Young heroes of literature are closer to me in age, but the concept of “morality” has no age limit. Sometimes only at a very mature age can you find answers to questions that have confronted you throughout your life. This is what Y. Bondarev’s novel “Choice” is about, filled with the characters’ intense search for the meaning of life. The circumstances are such that the heroes of the novel: Ilya Ramzin, who was captured in 1943, lived for more than 30 years in a foreign land and before his death came to Moscow to say goodbye to his mother and his youth; and the artist Vasiliev, talented, caressed by fame and never, it seems, made the wrong choice, has to look closely at the past and present. The meeting of two former friends from their youth gives rise to a dispute: what is the meaning of human life and what controls a person’s choice - his will or “Mr. experiment”. “Don’t you think that all of humanity is guinea pigs on earth and someone is conducting a monstrous experiment on us?” - Ilya Ramzin asks desperately. And one more question heats up the dispute: is truth not married to lies? “Sometimes it occurs to me that a lie is the truth, and the truth is a lie... That the truth is necessary in order to hide a lie,” it would seem that Ilya has reason to think so: and Major Vorotyuk, who sent people who came from encirclement, to certain death with the order to recapture the guns they had left behind only because he had already managed to report the death of the battery; and the slanderer Lazarev; and loneliness in a foreign land. He's tired of life. But at the hour of farewell to life, it is still very important to him that he will meet with his loved ones - Vasilyev, Masha - “forgiveness or curse.”

“The choice is self-determination,” he says. “Either - or.” However, such uncompromisingness in Ilya arises only at the end of his life. At the moment of choice: two bullets - for the scoundrel Lazarev, a third - for himself - he did not have the courage to do so. Ilya’s choice - with all his determination - was the path of compromise; it was this path that led him to spiritual death and predicted collapse. And so, having gone through the horrors and compromises of captivity, then the temptations of Western life, he “looked into his soul and knew hell.” He does not see the meaning of life, not only because he is seriously ill, but also because “a person feels bad everywhere,” as he thinks. Although, nevertheless, an underlying moral instinct stubbornly leads him to the need to separate truth from lies. It is no coincidence that “Sorry!” repeated several times. in Ilya's suicide letter. And Ilya’s final reckoning with life is a feeling of guilt before his homeland, his last hope is to be accepted by his native land even after death. Outside Russia, life has no meaning, finds no meaning. A person’s destiny is determined by the complexities of life, global events, and a person’s own choice. But there is one more the most important moment- the soil on which a person grew up, the Motherland. Without it, a person has no destiny; a choice in which a person breaks away from his homeland, no matter what it is caused by - fear, despair, resentment, profit - will never give happiness, peace, or a sense of a high, meaningful life.

Russian literature has always been closely connected with moral

the quests of our people. The best writers in their works

constantly raised the problems of our time, tried to solve

questions of good and evil, conscience, human dignity,

justice and others. The most interesting are

works that raise issues related to

morality of man, with his quest for a positive ideal in

life. One of the writers who sincerely roots for

The morality of our society is Valentin Rasputin. Special

The story “Fire” (1985) occupies a place in his work. This

reflections on our contemporary, on civic courage and

moral positions of a person. Brief story: in Sosnovka

a fire broke out, the whole village came running to it, but the people were

powerless in the face of the raging elements. There was little at the fire

those who risked their lives to defend people's good. Many

We came to warm our hands. People saved bread. Saved shop -

nothing compared to human lives, with huge

burnt warehouses, with stolen people's goods. Fire is

the result of general ill-being. People are corrupted by the discomfort of everyday life,

poverty of spiritual life, soulless attitude towards nature. Many

problems of our time, including moral ones,

raises Anatoly Pristavkin in the story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.”

He sharply raises the issue of national relations, talks about the connection

generations, raises the topic of good and evil, talks about many others

issues whose solution depends not only on politics and

economy, but also on the level of general culture.

“For a person, nationality is neither merit nor guilt, if in the country

they say otherwise. This means that this country is unhappy,” wrote Robert

Christmas.

The story “Fire” is permeated with pain, one just wants to shout: “So

You can’t live anymore!” The fire outside became only a dark reflection of what

which has been draining the soul for a long time. Needs to be saved human soul, writer

says that you need to look for the support of life in your soul. Rasputin acutely

expressed what many felt - we need to call people, force

Wake up, there’s nowhere else to retreat anyway. The writer writes that,

when, instead of the truth, a person is systematically presented with lies,

this is scary. During the hours of the fire, the truth is revealed to the main character:

a person needs to be the master of his native land, and not indifferent

as a guest, we need to seek rapprochement with nature, we need

listen to yourself, you need to clear your conscience.

My favorite writer has always been Daniil Granin, because he

because in them he poses the acute problems of today. I can't

name not a single writer who could compare with him in

versatility of both problematic and purely artistic

interests, although Granin is a writer of one general problem. Granin

graduated from a technical institute, worked as an engineer, so everything about

what he writes is familiar to him. His novels "The Searchers", "I'm Going to

thunderstorm", "Painting" brought him well-deserved success. In the center of many

His works face the problem of “scientist and power.” Granin is coming

to the problem of lifestyle, as a result of what was done once and for all

a man of choice. There is no turning back, no matter how much we wish for it.

The fate of a person - what does it depend on? From focus

personality or force of circumstances? In the story "It's a Strange Life" he

shows real human destiny, real personality.

The main character Alexander Lyubishchev was a real scientist.

“There was no feat,” writes Granin, “but there was more than a feat -

was a life well lived." His efficiency and energy

unattainable. From his youth, Lyubishchev already knew exactly what he wanted, he

hard programmed, “chose” his life, which he subordinated

one - serving science. From start to finish he was true to his

youthful choice, your love, your dream. Alas, at the end of life

many consider him a failure because of his personal well-being

didn't reach. He did not pursue prestigious positions, big

salaries and privileges - he just quietly and modestly did his job,

was a real ascetic in science. These are the people who are ours

contemporaries, drove technological progress. Honesty and

integrity - many people have lost these qualities over the years,

but the best of people did not pursue momentary successes, honors, but

worked for the future.

The problem of life choice is acute in another story by Granin

"Namesame". The hero of this story is a foreman, who in the past served

high hopes mathematician. Granin seems to be confronting two options

fate in one person. Kuzmin, the main character, was a man

utmost honesty and decency, but fate broke him, he

moves through life “caught up in the general flow.” The problem of choice

the problem of an act on which everything may depend human destiny,

Granin analyzes not only through the fate of Kuzmin, but also on the fate

older generation in science, on the fate of very young scientists -

mathematicians. At the center of the story is the conflict between scientists who

see different goals in their work. The venerable scientist Laptev for the sake of

in order to “wipe from the face of the earth” another scientist Lazarev, he broke his fate

Kuzmina (a student of Lazarev), he sacrificed it to human and

scientific fate, seemingly for humane reasons: direction, in

which Lazarev and Kuzmin worked, in his opinion, was mistaken.

And only years later, when Kuzmin gave up mathematics, his first

student works were recognized by major mathematicians

peace. A scientist from Japan made a big discovery, citing

forgotten original work of the Russian student Kuzmin, who

for unknown reasons, he did not complete his discovery. So Laptev

broke the fate of a major Russian scientist. In this story Granin

continues the theme that he began to write back in the 60s in the novel “I’m Coming”

to a thunderstorm." This novel brought Granin all-Union fame. So from

problems of the hero choosing his path Granin moves on to the problem

the fate of a person, the problem of realizing the talent given to him. Now

there is a spiritual restructuring of man as an individual.

The catastrophe of our time is that we often do not hear each other,

we are emotionally deaf to other people's problems and troubles. Literature

educates us morally, shapes our consciousness, opens

us the depths of beauty, which is often in Everyday life we are not