Innovative technology is an instrument of a field of knowledge that covers methodological and organizational issues. Research in this area is carried out by such a field of science as innovation.
Modern innovative technologies are associated with a large number of problems that can become the subject of their research. Also, this concept can be attributed to new means of regulation with the subsequent development of certain social processes that have the ability to achieve compliance in the complexities of the social situation. Thus, innovative technology should be aimed at meeting human and social needs in conditions of uncertainty.
Essence
So, let's take a closer look at the term. Innovative technology is a certain innovation in the field of technology, engineering and labor organization or management, which is based on the effective use of advanced experience and scientific achievements. It allows you to improve the quality of products in the manufacturing sector. The use of this term does not mean any innovation or innovation, but only those that can seriously increase the efficiency of the existing system.
The use of innovative technologies involves the implementation of a set of organizational measures and techniques that are aimed at servicing, manufacturing, operating and repairing the product at optimal costs and nominal quantities. As a result of such events in various areas of life, innovations are not only created, but also materialized. Their action is also aimed at the rational use of economic and social material resources.
Classification
Can be classified according to the following criteria:
- by degree of novelty;
- by scope and scale of application;
- due to occurrence;
- in terms of efficiency.
System creation required
Practice in this area has always been ambiguous and complex. At the same time, solving emerging problems that are detected in modern conditions and are expressed by complete deregulation and inadequacy of social tools of application requires certain knowledge. This involves the creation of a reasoned and flexible system of scientific substantiation of innovations, capable of taking into account the specifics and logic of application not only of the innovation itself, but also the characteristics of its perception and evaluation. Only in this case can the implementation of innovation be effective. This approach to ensuring innovation is based on a simultaneous study of all aspects of the interaction between the social environment and innovation, identifying those areas of such interaction that can have a greater impact on the success of innovation processes with the anticipation and recognition of possible problematic issues in this area.
Thus, it is advisable to highlight such components of the innovation system as diagnostics and research of innovations.
The rapid development of society dictates the need for changes in technologies and methods of the educational process. Graduates of educational institutions must be prepared for the trends of changing modernity. Therefore, the introduction of technologies aimed at an individual approach, mobility and distance in education seems necessary and inevitable.
What is “innovative technology”
Word " innovation" is of Latin origin. “Novatio” means “renewal”, “change”, and “in” translates as “in the direction”. Literally “innovatio” - “in the direction of change.” Moreover, this is not just any innovation, but after its application significant improvements in efficiency and quality of activity occur.
Under technology(Greek techne “art”, “skill”, logos “word”, “knowledge” - the science of art) refers to a set of methods and processes used in any business or in the production of something.
Any innovation finds its implementation through technology. Thus, innovative technology is a technique and process of creating something new or improving an existing one in order to ensure progress and increase efficiency in various spheres of human activity.
Innovative educational technologies
The methods used do not work as effectively with the new generation of students. Standardized education does not take into account the individual qualities of the child and the need for creative growth.
Despite a number of problems that cannot be solved using old methods, there are difficulties in introducing innovations. The teacher must understand that the introduction of innovative methods not only helps his students learn the material more effectively, but also develops their creative potential. But it also helps the teacher realize his own intellectual and creative potential.
Types of pedagogical innovations
A wide variety of innovative pedagogical methods are used in school education. The profile orientation of the educational institution, its traditions and standards play a huge role in the choice.
The most common innovations in the education process:
- information and communication technologies (ICT);
- student-centered learning;
- project and research activities;
- gaming technologies.
ICT
Implies integration of teaching disciplines with computer science, and computerization of assessment and communication in general. The computer can be used at any stage of the educational process. Schoolchildren are trained to work with basic programs and study material using electronic textbooks and manuals. Using a computer and projector, the teacher presents the material. Presentations, diagrams, audio and video files, thanks to their clarity, contribute to better understanding of the topic. Independent creation of slides, diagrams, and memory cards helps to structure knowledge, which also helps with memorization.
The presence of a computer, the Internet and special programs makes it possible distance teaching, online excursions, conferences and consultations.
At the end of the study, topics can be used as control tests on the computer. Schools use the system electronic magazines, in which you can track the results of an individual child, class, or performance in a specific subject. Come into use and electronic diaries, where grades are given and homework is recorded. So parents can find out the child’s scores and availability of assignments.
It is important to teach schoolchildren to properly use the Internet, search engines and social networks. With the right approach, they become an inexhaustible source of information and a way for schoolchildren to communicate with the teacher and among themselves.
Gaining popularity creation of a teacher’s own website. Thanks to it, you can share interesting books, manuals, articles, educational videos and audios, and answer students’ questions remotely. Can be used when developing a group project: participants share their work and results with each other and the curator and solve emerging problems.
Student-centered learning
In this case The child is recognized as the main character in learning. The goal is to develop the student’s personality, taking into account his individual qualities. Accordingly, it is not the students who adapt to the educational system and the style of the teacher, but the teacher, using his skills and knowledge, organizes learning according to the characteristics of the class.
Here, the teacher needs to know the psychological, emotional and cognitive characteristics of the student body. Based on this, he forms lesson plans, selects methods and ways of presenting the material. It is important to be able to awaken the student’s interest in the material being presented and to work collectively, acting not so much as a leader, but as a partner and advisor.
If desired by the educational institution, it is possible student differentiation. For example, completing a class according to a certain criterion as a result of testing; further division according to interest; introduction of specialized classes in high school.
Project and research activities
The main goal is to develop the ability to independently, creatively search for data, formulate and solve problems, and use information from different fields of knowledge. The teacher's task is to awaken interest in search activity and creating conditions for its implementation.
When working on a group project, teamwork skills, communication skills, the ability to listen to other people’s opinions, criticize and accept criticism also improve.
The use of this technology in school develops the ability to understand the world, analyze facts, and draw conclusions. This is the basis and assistance when entering a higher educational institution and working on diploma and master's theses.
Gaming technologies
The value of gaming technology lies in the fact that, being essentially a recreation, it performs an educational function and stimulates creative realization and self-expression. Of course, it is most applicable in the younger group of schoolchildren, since it meets their age requirements. It must be used in doses.
At the request of the teacher, the entire lesson can be conducted in a playful way: competition, quiz, KVN, staging scenes from the work. It is possible to use game elements at any stage of the lesson: at the beginning, in the middle or at the end as a survey. A properly organized game stimulates schoolchildren’s memory, interest, and also overcomes passivity.
Changes in the educational sphere are necessary and inevitable. And it is worth noting that for the most part students happily accept something new, interesting, unusual. They are ready and able to perceive. The last word belongs to the teachers.
Many useful materials using innovative technologies are presented in the “Publications” section. You can learn interesting techniques and ideas from your colleagues' work.
Khamidullina Dinara Ildarovna, GBOU NPO PL No. 3, Sterlitamak RB, mathematics teacher
Modern innovative educational technologies
Currently, teaching methods are going through a difficult period associated with changing educational goals and the development of Federal State Educational Standards based on a competency-based approach. Difficulties also arise due to the fact that the basic curriculum reduces the number of hours for studying individual subjects. All these circumstances require new pedagogical research in the field of methods of teaching subjects, the search for innovative means, forms and methods of teaching and upbringing related to the development and implementation of innovative educational technologies in the educational process.
In order to skillfully and consciously select from the available bank of pedagogical technologies exactly those that will allow achieving optimal results in teaching and upbringing, it is necessary to understand the essential characteristics of the modern interpretation of the concept of “pedagogical technology”.
Pedagogical technology answers the question “How to teach effectively?”
Analyzing existing definitions, we can identify the criteria that constitute the essence of pedagogical technology:
definition of learning objectives (why and for what);
selection and structure of content (What);
optimal organization of the educational process (How);
methods, techniques and teaching aids (With using what);
as well as taking into account the required real level of qualification of the teacher (Who);
and objective methods for assessing learning outcomes (Is it so).
Thus,“Pedagogical technology” is a structure of a teacher’s activity in which the actions included in it are presented in a certain sequence and imply the achievement of a predicted result.
What is “innovative educational technology”? This is a complex of three interconnected components:
Modern content, which is transmitted to students, involves not so much the mastery of subject knowledge, but rather the developmentcompetencies , adequate to modern business practice. This content should be well structured and presented in the form of multimedia educational materials that are transmitted using modern means of communication.
Modern teaching methods are active methods of developing competencies, based on the interaction of students and their involvement in the educational process, and not just on passive perception of the material.
Modern training infrastructure, which includes information, technological, organizational and communication components that allow you to effectively use the benefits of distance learning.
There is no generally accepted classification of educational technologies in Russian and foreign pedagogy today. Various authors approach the solution to this pressing scientific and practical problem in their own way.
Innovative areas or modern educational technologies in the Priority National Project “Education” include: developmental education; problem-based learning; multi-level training; collective education system; problem solving technology; research teaching methods; project-based teaching methods; modular learning technologies; lecture-seminar-credit system of education; use of gaming technologies in teaching (role-playing, business and other types of educational games); cooperative learning (team, group work); information and communication technologies; health-saving technologies.
Other sources highlight:
Traditional technologies : referring to traditional technologies as various types of educational activities, where any system of means can be implemented to ensure the activity of each student on the basis of a multi-level approach to the content, methods, forms of organization of educational and cognitive activity, to the level of cognitive independence, transfer of relations between teacher and student to parity and much more.
Classroom teaching technology - ensuring systematic assimilation of educational material and accumulation of knowledge, skills and abilities.
Interactive technologies or ggroup learning technologies (work in pairs, groups of permanent and rotating members, frontal work in a circle). Formation of a person who is sociable, tolerant, has organizational skills and knows how to work in a group; increasing the efficiency of assimilation of program material.
Game technology (didactic game). Mastering new knowledge based on the application of knowledge, skills and abilities in practice, in cooperation.
(educational dialogue as a specific type of technology, problem-based (heuristic) learning technology. Acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities by students, mastering methods of independent activity, development of cognitive and creative abilities.
Technology of advanced advanced learning. Achievement by students of the mandatory minimum educational content. Learning how to solve problems, consider possibilities, and apply knowledge to specific situations. Providing opportunities for each student to independently determine the paths, methods, and means of searching for the truth (result). Contribute to the formation of methodological competence. Forming the ability to independently solve problems and search for necessary information. Learning how to solve problems.
Workshop technology. Creating conditions that promote students’ understanding of the goals of their lives, awareness of themselves and their place in the world around them, self-realization in joint (collective) search, creativity, and research activities.
Research technology (project method, experiment, modeling)or Technology for solving research (inventive) problems (TRIZ). Teaching students the basics of research activity (posing an educational problem, formulating a topic, choosing research methods, putting forward and testing a hypothesis, using various sources of information in their work, presenting completed work).
EOR (electronic educational resources,including ICT technologies ). Training in working with different sources of information, readiness for self-education and possible changes in the educational route.
Pedagogy of cooperation. Implementation of a humane and personal approach to the child and creation of conditions for students to consciously choose an educational route.
Technology for carrying out collective creative activities. Creating conditions for students’ self-realization in creativity, research, and student teams. Involving students in discussion and analysis of the problems that most concern them, self-assessment of various negative life situations. Formation of organizational abilities of students.
Active learning methods (ALM) - a set of pedagogical actions and techniques aimed at organizing the educational process and creating conditions using special means that motivate students to independently, proactively and creatively master educational material in the process of cognitive activity
Communication technologies
Portfolio technology
Development of critical thinking
Modular training
Distance learning
Test technologies
Technology for identifying and supporting gifted children
Technologies of additional education, etc.
Every teacher needs to navigate a wide range of modern innovative technologies, school ideas, trends, and not waste time discovering what is already known. Today it is impossible to be a pedagogically competent specialist without studying the entire extensive arsenal of educational technologies. Moreover, this is reflected in job descriptions and certification materials. The use of innovative educational technologies is one of the criteria for assessing the professional activities of teaching assistants and teachers.
Therefore, we need more intensive implementation of technologies for our conditions. Of course, we do not have enough time, money or even knowledge to apply some of them, since modern technologies use the latest achievements of science, technology, psychology, etc. But elements of technology are quite accessible.
Most of the technologies were discussed several times at previous pedagogical councils and training seminars (Appendix 2). Therefore, let's look at technologies less known to us.
Interactive learning technology
or group learning technology
Interactive technologies or group learning technologies are learning based on interactive forms of the cognition process. These are group work, educational discussion, game simulation, business game, brainstorming, etc.
These forms of learning are important for students because they allow everyone to get involved in the discussion and solution of a problem, and listen to other points of view. The development of communication skills of students occurs both in communication between microgroups and in dialogue between groups.
This form of training is psychologically attractive for students; it helps to develop skills of cooperation and collective creativity. Students are not observers, but solve difficult issues themselves. Each group finds interesting arguments to defend their point of view.
The organization of group interactions in educational activities can be different, but includes the following stages:
individual work;
work in pairs;
making group decisions.
Groups are organized at the discretion of the teacher or “at will.” It is taken into account that a weak student needs not so much a strong student as a patient and friendly interlocutor. You can include students with opposing views so that the discussion of the problem is lively and interesting. There are also “positions” in groups: observer, sage, knowledge keeper, etc., and each student can play one role or another.
Through work in permanent and temporary microgroups, the distance between students is reduced. They find approaches to each other, in some cases discover tolerance in themselves and see its benefits for the business that the group is engaged in.
Only a non-standard formulation of the problem forces us to seek help from each other and exchange points of view.
A working lesson map is drawn up periodically. It contains:
the issue the group is working on;
list of participants;
self-esteem of each participant from the point of view of the group.
For self-assessment and evaluation, precise criteria are given in the map so that there are no significant disagreements. The guys eagerly participate in evaluating the oral and written answers of their classmates, i.e. take on the role of expert.
Those. the use of interactive learning technology affectsfformation of a person who is sociable, tolerant, has organizational skills and knows how to work in a group; increasing the efficiency of assimilation of program material.
Case method
In the context of interactive learning, a technology has been developed that is called CASE STUDY or CASE METHOD.
The name of the technology comes from the Latincase - a confusing unusual case; and also from Englishcase- briefcase, suitcase. The origin of the terms reflects the essence of the technology. Students receive from the teacher a package of documents (case), with the help of which they either identify a problem and ways to solve it, or develop options for solving a difficult situation when the problem is identified.
Case analysis can be either individual or group. The results of the work can be presented both in written and oral form. Recently, multimedia presentation of results has become increasingly popular. Familiarity with cases can occur either directly in class or in advance (in the form of homework). The teacher can use ready-made cases and create his own developments. Sources of case studies on subjects can be very diverse: works of art, films, scientific information, museum exhibitions, student experience.
Training based on the case method is a purposeful process built on a comprehensive analysis of the presented situations - discussion during open discussions of the problems identified in the cases - development of decision-making skills. A distinctive feature of the method is the creation of a problem situation from real life.
When teaching the case method, the following are formed: Analytical skills. Ability to distinguish data from information, classify, highlight essential and non-essential information and be able to restore them. Practical skills. Use of academic theories, methods and principles in practice. Creative skills. As a rule, a case cannot be solved by logic alone. Creative skills are very important in generating alternative solutions that cannot be found logically.
The advantage of case technologies is their flexibility and variability, which contributes to the development of creativity in teachers and students.
Of course, the use of case technologies in teaching will not solve all problems and should not become an end in itself. It is necessary to take into account the goals and objectives of each lesson, the nature of the material, and the capabilities of the students. The greatest effect can be achieved with a reasonable combination of traditional and interactive teaching technologies, when they are interconnected and complement each other.
Research technology
Project method
The project method is a training system in which students acquire knowledge and skills in the process of planning and performing gradually more complex practical tasks - projects.
The method, with its own aspirations and capabilities, to master the necessary knowledge and projects allows each student to find and choose a business to their liking, according to their skills, contributing to the emergence of interest in subsequent activities.
The goal of any project is to develop various key competencies. Reflective skills; Search (research) skills; Ability to work in collaboration; Managerial skills and abilities; Communication skills; Presentation skills.
The use of design technologies in teaching allows you to build the educational process on the educational dialogue between the student and the teacher, take into account individual abilities, form mental and independent practical actions, develop creative abilities, and intensify the cognitive activity of students.
Classification of projects according to the dominant activity of students : Practice-oriented project is aimed at the social interests of the project participants themselves or the external customer. The product is predetermined and can be used in the life of a group, lyceum, or city.
Research project the structure resembles a truly scientific study. It includes justification of the relevance of the chosen topic, identification of research objectives, mandatory formulation of a hypothesis with its subsequent verification, and discussion of the results obtained.
Information project is aimed at collecting information about some object or phenomenon for the purpose of its analysis, generalization and presentation to a wide audience.
Creative project assumes the most free and unconventional approach to the presentation of results. These can be almanacs, theatrical performances, sports games, works of fine or decorative art, videos, etc.
Role-playing project is the most difficult to develop and implement. By participating in it, designers take on the roles of literary or historical characters, fictional heroes. The result of the project remains open until the very end.
The project method, in its didactic essence, is aimed at developing abilities, possessing which, a school graduate turns out to be more adapted to life, able to adapt to changing conditions, navigate in a variety of situations, work in various teams, because project activity is a cultural form of activity in which it is possible formation of the ability to make responsible choices.
Todaymodern information technologiescan be considered a new way of transmitting knowledge that corresponds to a qualitatively new content of learning and development of the student. This method allows students to learn with interest, find sources of information, fosters independence and responsibility in acquiring new knowledge, and develops the discipline of intellectual activity. Information technologies make it possible to replace almost all traditional technical means of teaching. In many cases, such a replacement turns out to be more effective, makes it possible to quickly combine a variety of means that promote a deeper and more conscious assimilation of the material being studied, saves lesson time, and saturates it with information. Therefore, it is completely natural to introduce these tools into the modern educational process.
The issue of using information and communication technologies in the educational process has already been considered by the pedagogical council. Materials on this issue are located in the methodological office.
Technology for developing critical thinking
New educational standards are being introducednew direction of assessment activities – assessment of personal achievements. This is due to realityhumanistic paradigm education andperson-centered approach to learning. It becomes important for society to objectify the personal achievements of each subject of the educational process: student, teacher, family. The introduction of assessment of personal achievements ensures the development of the following components of personality: motivation for self-development, the formation of positive guidelines in the structure of the self-concept, the development of self-esteem, volitional regulation, and responsibility.
Therefore, the standards include in the final assessment of studentsaccumulated assessment characterizing the dynamics of individual educational achievements throughout all years of study.
The optimal way to organize a cumulative assessment system isportfolio . This is the wayrecording, accumulation and evaluation of work , the student's results, indicating his efforts, progress and achievements in various fields over a certain period of time. In other words, it is a form of fixation of self-expression and self-realization. The portfolio ensures a transfer of “pedagogical emphasis” from assessment to self-assessment, from what a person does not know and cannot do to what he knows and can do. A significant characteristic of a portfolio is its integrativeness, which includes quantitative and qualitative assessments, presupposing the cooperation of the student, teachers and parents during its creation, and the continuity of replenishment of the assessment.
Technology portfolio implements the followingfunctions in the educational process:
diagnostic (changes and growth (dynamics) of indicators over a certain period of time are recorded);
goal setting (supports educational goals formulated by the standard);
motivational (encourages students, teachers and parents to interact and achieve positive results);
meaningful (maximally reveals the entire range of achievements and work performed);
developmental (ensures continuity of the process of development, training and education);
training (creates conditions for the formation of the foundations of qualimetric competence);
corrective (stimulates development within the framework conditionally set by the standard and society).
For the student portfolio is the organizer of his educational activities,for the teacher – a feedback tool and an assessment tool.
Several are knownportfolio types . The most popular are the following:
portfolio of achievements
portfolio - report
portfolio - self-esteem
portfolio - planning my work
(any of them has all the characteristics, but when planning it is recommended to choose one, the leading one)
Choice The type of portfolio depends on the purpose of its creation.
Distinctive feature portfolio is its personality-oriented nature:
the student, together with the teacher, determines or clarifies the purpose of creating a portfolio;
the student collects material;
self-assessment and mutual assessment are the basis for evaluating results.
Important characteristic technology portfolio is its reflexivity. Reflection is the main mechanism and method of self-attestation and self-report.Reflection – the process of cognition based on introspection of one’s inner world. /Ananyev B.G. Man as an object of knowledge. – L. – 1969 ./ “psychological mirror of oneself.”
In addition to general educational skills to collect and analyze information, structure and present it, a portfolio allows you to develop higher-order intellectual skills - metacognitive skills.
studentmust learn :
select and evaluate information
define exactly the goals he would like to achieve
plan your activities
give assessments and self-assessments
track your own mistakes and correct them
The introduction of modern educational technologies does not mean that they will completely replace traditional teaching methods, but will be an integral part of it.
Annex 1
Selevko German Konstantinovich
"Modern educational technologies"
I. Modern traditional training (TO)
II. Pedagogical technologies based on personal orientation of the pedagogical process
1. Pedagogy of cooperation.
2. Humane-personal technology of Sh.A.Amonashvili
3. E.N. Ilyin’s system: teaching literature as a subject that shapes a person
III. Pedagogical technologies based on the activation and intensification of students' activities.
1. Gaming technologies
2. Problem-based learning
3. Technology of intensification of learning based on schematic and symbolic models of educational material (V.F. Shatalov).
4 Level differentiation technologies
5. Technology of individualization of training (Inge Unt, A.S. Granitskaya, V.D. Shadrikov).
6. Programmed learning technology
7. Collective way of teaching CSR (A.G. Rivin, V.K. Dyachenko)
8. Group technologies.
9. Computer (new information) teaching technologies.
IV. Pedagogical technologies based on didactic improvement and reconstruction of material.
1. “Ecology and dialectics” (L.V. Tarasov).
2. “Dialogue of Cultures” (V.S. Bibler, S.Yu. Kurganov).
3. Consolidation of didactic units - UDE (P.M. Erdniev)
4. Implementation of the theory of stage-by-stage formation of mental actions (M.B. Volovich).
V. Subject pedagogical technologies.
1. Technology of early and intensive literacy training (N.A. Zaitsev)..
2. Technology for improving general educational skills in elementary school (V.N. Zaitsev)
3. Technology of teaching mathematics based on problem solving (R.G. Khazankin).
4. Pedagogical technology based on a system of effective lessons (A.A. Okunev)
5. System of step-by-step teaching of physics (N.N. Paltyshev)
VI. Alternative technologies.
1. Waldorf pedagogy (R. Steiner).
2. Technology of free labor (S. Frenet)
3. Technology of probabilistic education (A.M. Lobok).
4. Workshop technology.
VII.. Natural technologies.
1 Nature-appropriate literacy education (A.M. Kushnir).
2 Technology of self-development (M. Montessori)
VIII Technologies of developmental education.
1. General fundamentals of developmental learning technologies.
2. System of developmental education by L.V. Zankova.
3. Technology of developmental education by D.B. Elkonina-V.V. Davydov.
4. Developmental training systems with a focus on developing the creative qualities of the individual (I.P. Volkov, G.S. Altshuller, I.P. Ivanov).
5 Personality-oriented developmental training (I.S. Yakimanskaya)..
6. Technology of self-development training (G.K.Selevko)
IX. Pedagogical technologies of copyright schools.
1. School of Adaptive Pedagogy (E.A. Yamburg, B.A. Broide).
2. Model “Russian school”.
4. School-park (M.A. Balaban).
5. Agricultural school of A.A.Katolikov.
6. School of Tomorrow (D. Howard).
Model "Russian school"
Supporters of the cultural-educational approach try to maximally saturate the content of education with Russian ethnographic and historical material. They widely use Russian folk songs and music, choral singing, epics, legends, as well as material from native studies. Priority place in the curriculum is given to such subjects as the native language, Russian history, Russian literature, Russian geography, Russian art.
School Park
Organizationally, a school-park is a set, or a park, open multi-age studios . A studio means a free association of students around a master teacher for joint learning. At the same time, the composition of the studios is determined, on the one hand, by the composition of available teachers, their real knowledge and skills, and on the other hand, by the educational needs of students. Thus, the composition of the studios is not constant, it changes, subject to the law of supply and demand in the educational services market.
Waldorf schools
Waldorf schools work on the principle of “not advancing” the child’s development, but providing all opportunities for his development at his own pace. When equipping schools, preference is given to natural materials and unfinished toys and aids (primarily for the development of children’s imagination). Much attention is paid to the spiritual development of all participants in the educational process. Educational material is presented in blocks (epochs), but the day at all stages of education (from nurseries to seminaries) is divided into three parts: spiritual (where active thinking predominates), soulful (teaching music and dance),creative-practical (here children learn primarily creative tasks: sculpting, drawing, carving wood, sewing, and so on).
Appendix 2
Problem-based learning technology
Problematic education – a didactic system of combining different methods and methodological techniques of teaching, using which the teacher, systematically creating and using problem situations, ensures a strong and conscious assimilation of knowledge and skills by students.
Problem situation characterizes a certain mental state of the student, arising as a result of his awareness of the contradiction between the need to complete a task and the impossibility of accomplishing it with the help of his existing knowledge and methods of activity.
In problem-based learning, there is always a formulation and solution of a problem - a cognitive task put forward in the form of a question, task, task.
The problem to be solved exists objectively, regardless of whether the situation has become problematic for the student or whether he has realized this contradiction. When the student realizes and accepts the contradiction, the situation will become problematic for him.
Problem-based learning is carried out using almost all teaching methods and, above all, in the process of heuristic conversation. Problem-based learning and heuristic conversation are related as a whole and a part.
Requirements for problematic situations and problems
The creation of a problem situation should, as a rule, precede an explanation or independent study by students of new educational material.
The cognitive task is drawn up taking into account the fact that the problem should be based on the knowledge and skills that the student possesses. It should be sufficient to understand the essence of the issue or task, the final goal and solutions.
The problem should be interesting for students and stimulate the motivation of their active cognitive activity.
Solving a problem should cause a certain cognitive difficulty, requiring active mental activity of students.
The content of the problem in terms of difficulty and complexity should be accessible to students and correspond to their cognitive capabilities.
To master a complex system of knowledge and actions, problem situations and corresponding problems must be applied in a specific system:
a complex problem task is divided into smaller and more specific ones;
each problem is allocated one unknown element;
The material communicated by the teacher and assimilated by students independently must be differentiated.
Problem-based learning is most often used as a part of a lesson.
Gaming technology
Using educational games
An increase in the workload in lessons makes us think about how to maintain students’ interest in the material being studied and their activity throughout the lesson. An important role here is given to didactic games in the classroom, which have educational, developmental and nurturing functions that act in organic unity. Didactic games can be used as a means of teaching, education and development. The game form of classes is created during lessons using game techniques and situations. The implementation of gaming techniques and situations occurs in the following areas:
The didactic goal is set for students in the form of a game task;
Educational activities are subject to the rules of the game;
The educational material is used as a means of play;
An element of competition is introduced into educational activities, which transforms a didactic task into a game one; the success of completing a didactic task is associated with the game result.
The student's gaming activity is usually emotional and accompanied by a feeling of satisfaction. While playing, students think, experience situations, and against this background, ways to achieve results are easier and more firmly remembered by them. The game form of classes can be used at various stages of the lesson, when studying a new topic, during consolidation, and in general lessons.
Thus, the inclusion of didactic games and game moments in the lesson makes the learning process interesting, entertaining, and makes it easier to overcome difficulties in mastering educational material.
Business games
Business (role-playing, management) games - imitation of decision-making and performance of actions in various artificially created or directly practical situations by playing the corresponding roles (individual or group) according to rules specified or developed by the participants themselves.
Signs of business games and requirements for them:
The presence of a problem and a task proposed for solution. Distribution of roles or role functions among participants. The presence of interactions between the players that repeat (imitate) real connections and relationships.
The multi-link and logical chain of decisions flowing from one another during the game.
The presence of conflict situations due to differences in the interests of participants or the conditions of information activities. The plausibility of the simulated situation or situations taken from reality.
The presence of a system for assessing the results of gaming activities, competition or competitiveness of players.
Pedagogy of cooperation
“Pedagogy of cooperation” is a humanistic idea of joint developmental activities of students and teachers, based on the awareness of common goals and ways to achieve them. The teacher and students in the educational process are equal partners, while the teacher is an authoritative teacher-mentor, a senior comrade, and students receive sufficient independence in both acquiring knowledge and experience, and in forming their own life position.
Fundamentals of “pedagogy of cooperation”
Stimulation and direction by the teacher of the cognitive and life interests of students;
Elimination of coercion as an inhumane and non-positive means in the educational process; replacing compulsion with desire;
The teacher’s respectful attitude towards the student’s personality; recognition of his right to make mistakes;
High responsibility of the teacher for his judgments, assessments, recommendations, requirements, actions;
High responsibility of students for their academic work, behavior, relationships in the team.
Multidimensional technology V.E. Steinberg
The use of multidimensional didactic technology (MDT) or the technology of didactic multidimensional tools (DMI), developed, used and described by Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences V. E. Steinberg (Russia) can help in significantly enhancing the technological and instrumental equipment of the teacher’s activities and the process of assimilation of students’ knowledge. It is multidimensional didactic technology, and with the help of didactic multidimensional tools, that allows one to present knowledge in a compressed and expanded form and manage the activities of students in their assimilation, processing and use.
The main idea of MDT – and the idea of the multidimensionality of the surrounding world, a person, an educational institution, the educational process, and cognitive activity. It is multidimensional didactic technology that makes it possible to overcome the stereotype of one-dimensionality when using traditional forms of presentation of educational material (text, speech, diagrams, etc.) and to include students in active cognitive activity in assimilation and processing of knowledge, both for understanding and memorizing educational information, and for development thinking, memory and effective ways of intellectual activity.
MDT is based on a number of principles:
1. The principle of multidimensionality (multidimensionality), integrity and systematicity of the structural organization of the surrounding world.
2. Splitting principle - combining elements into a system, including:
· splitting the educational space into external and internal plans of educational activities and their integration into a system;
· splitting the multidimensional knowledge space into semantic groups and combining them into a system;
· splitting information into conceptual and figurative components and combining them in system images - models.
3. The principle of bichannel activity, on the basis of which single-channel thinking is overcome, due to the fact that:
Channel presentation - perception information is divided into verbal and visual channels;
Channel interaction “teacher - student” - on information and communication channels;
Channel design - on the direct channel of constructing educational models and the reverse channel of comparative assessment activities using technological models.
4. The principle of coordination and polydialogue of external and internal plans:
· coordination of the content and form of interaction between external and internal plans of activity;
· coordination of interhemispheric verbal-figurative dialogue in the internal plane and coordination of interplane dialogue.
5. The principle of triadic representation (functional completeness) of semantic groups:
· triad “objects of the world”: nature, society, man;
· the triad of “spheres of world exploration”: science, art, morality;
· triad “basic activities”: cognition, experience, evaluation;
· triad “description”: structure, functioning, development.
6. The principle of universality, i.e., versatility of tools, suitability for use in different types of lessons, in different subjects, in professional, creative and managerial activities.
7. The principle of programmability and repeatability of basic operations , performed in the multidimensional representation and analysis of knowledge: the formation of semantic groups and “granulation” of knowledge, coordination and ranking, semantic linking, reformulation.
8. The principle of autodialogue, implementing in dialogues of various types: internal interhemispheric dialogue of mutual reflection of information from figurative to verbal form, external dialogue between the mental image and its reflection in the external plane.
9. The principle of supporting thinking - support on models of a reference or generalized nature in relation to the designed object, support on models when performing various types of activities (preparatory, teaching, cognitive, search), etc.
10. The principle of compatibility of properties of the image and model tools, in accordance with which the holistic, figurative and symbolic nature of certain knowledge is realized, which makes it possible to combine the multidimensional representation of knowledge and the orientation of activity.
11. The principle of compatibility of figurative and conceptual reflection , according to which, in the process of cognitive activity, the languages of both hemispheres of the brain are combined, thereby increasing the degree of efficiency in handling information and assimilating it.
12. The principle of quasi-fractality deployment of multidimensional models for representing values by repeating a limited number of operations.
The main purpose of introducing MDT - reduce labor intensity and increase the efficiency of the teacher’s activity and the student’s activity through the use of multidimensional didactic tools.
The most effective and promising tool for use in the educational process of multidimensional didactic technology isLogical-semantic models (LSM) knowledge (topics, phenomena, events, etc.) in the form of coordinate-matrix frames of a support-nodal type for a visual, logical and consistent presentation and assimilation of educational information.
Logical-semantic model is a tool for representing knowledge in natural language in the form of an image – a model.
The semantic component of knowledge is represented by keywords placed on the frame and forming a connected system. In this case, one part of the keywords is located at the nodes on the coordinates and represents connections and relationships between elements of the same object. In general, each element of a meaningfully related system of keywords receives precise addressing in the form of a “coordinate-node” index.
The development and construction of LSM makes it easier for the teacher to prepare for a lesson, enhances the clarity of the material being studied, allows algorithmization of the educational and cognitive activities of students, and makes timely feedback.
The ability to present large amounts of educational material in the form of a visual and compact logical and semantic model, where the logical structure is determined by the content and order of arrangement of coordinates and nodes, gives a double result: firstly, time is freed up for practicing the skills of students, and secondly, The constant use of LSM in the learning process forms in students a logical understanding of the topic, section or course studied as a whole.
When using MDT, a transition occurs from traditional teaching to a person-oriented one, the design and technological competence of both the teacher and students develops, and a qualitatively different level of the teaching and learning process is achieved.
Modern innovative technologies.
The modern world is throwing around the term “innovative technologies” here and there. Let us together, in the format of this article, try to understand and figure out what is behind it, what modern innovative technologies are today in one or another area of development of world science, what and how it is developing today and is relevant in the application of the super latest modern innovative technologies..
We live in the most interesting times in human history. Technologies are developing exponentially and not linearly, as was previously accepted. There are currently predictions on innovation forecasts and technology development for the next hundred years. The study of modern knowledge in the field of the latest technological areas, including innovation management and the organization of innovation processes, is supervised by a unique direction of modernist science - innovation. At its core, the modern innovative technologies we are discussing have a tendency to achieve satisfaction of the needs of the modern world - both social and urgent, directly affecting the person himself in conditions of some uncertainty. Often innovative technologies are associated with a huge number of problem areas and issues and directly with the subject of study and research. If we approach the very essence of the concept of modern innovative technologies, then this is undoubtedly a novelty in the field of global trends in technologies and solutions, both with the technical component and relating to management processes, including labor coordination, which is based on unique experience, the latest achievements of science and of course same efficiency in methodology. Innovative technologies are aimed at improving the quality of products and the perfection of the production sector itself. The right to life of the term itself, as innovative technologies, implies not just something new or some kind of unusual innovation, but precisely something that is intended and has the ability and competence to radically and seriously increase the efficiency of any area of responsibility. The introduction of innovative technologies entails the integrity of activities and organizational developments aimed directly at the development, production, operation and maintenance and, if necessary, the direct repair and restoration of a product or innovation with the most optimally applied costs for the work and, of course, nominal quantitative characteristics. The introduction of modern innovations is aimed at the perfect and efficient use of both economic and material and social resources. We will present, in our opinion, a rather convenient and comprehensive classification of innovative technologies
1. By innovation processes.
A) basic or radical - refer to large-scale inventions or discoveries, as a result of the implementation of which modern generations are formed or a unique trend in the development of technical progress.
B) Innovation of average potential.
C) Partial, modification innovative inventions. Changing outdated technologies, equipment and organizational processes in production.
2. By industry of application and scale of significance.
A) industry innovations
B) cross-industry innovation
B) regional innovations
D) Innovation within a company or enterprise
3. Needs for innovation
A) Innovations of a reactive nature - literally help to ensure the maintenance of the state of the company or firm, with the direct act of introducing an innovative solution by competitors.
B) Innovation of a strategic nature - a decision made proactively with the direct intent of gaining competitive advantage in a time perspective.
4. The effect of the innovation itself
A) Innovation of an economic nature
B) Innovation of a social nature
B) Innovation of an environmental nature
D) Innovations of an integral nature.
When creating the system of innovative technologies itself, it is often advisable to separate the processes of diagnostics and research of innovations. The term innovation was first noticed in Latin; it has been traced since the mid-17th century and has the meaning of introducing something new into an existing area of responsibility, becoming established in a given area and initiating a complex and processes of change in a given area. That is, innovation is the process of implementation, innovation, implementation of the innovation itself in the sphere, and does not represent an object. The success of modern innovative technology is associated precisely with a set of interconnected types of work, the interaction between which leads to the direct emergence and achievement of real innovation (modern invention). What exactly is it - Scientific activity and development aimed at achieving new knowledge for the further use of this as a statement of a discovery or a new invention. Project work and processes aimed at achieving new technological tools with the help of which, in the given possible conditions, it is advisable to act and make decisions to achieve the goal as an innovative project. To achieve the implementation of a modern innovative project in practice, that is, the implementation of its implementation, the educational process of the subject is also an important factor, helping to perfect the formation of both the knowledge itself and the necessary experience to bring the project to life.
In the diagnostics of the innovation process itself, several stages are distinguished:
1. Before innovation (by identifying existing problem areas that have the right to life in the process of implementing the innovation process itself - information processed in this way is characterized as information of ideological and political coloring.)
2. At the time of the innovation itself, rethinking previously acquired knowledge makes it possible to carry out immediate refinement, design work for the implementation of the innovation with possible clarification of emerging situational features.
3. After the implementation of the innovation (a diagnostic process is carried out comparing the environment of the innovation itself and the processes of its implementation.
On the pages of our website we have already examined in detail the trends and trends of development from the Future Today Institute -
Absolutely fresh analytical predictions from Deloitte and Guardian about modern technologies in 2017 were presented by us -
The forecast for innovative market development from IDC, in our opinion, has unique formulations and analytical calculations; we presented it in an article on the website
At the moment, there is clearly an opinion and tendency that there is no competitive line of goods and services, there is only competition in the innovative strategy of modern management. At the moment, innovative manufacturing firms do not compete for the product itself, which is rapidly changing and being innovatively improved, so it becomes absolutely useless to try to reproduce something. In the modern innovative world, there is a clear competitive trend in the management model. Undoubtedly, the clear leader in the pursuit of reproduction of goods belongs to Chinese business, which at the moment is able not only to do something, but has adopted a modern management model that allows the implementation of modern innovative solutions and technologies at unprecedented speeds and completely compressed time intervals. It has always been possible to reproduce a product, but only a company that has the most effective management model with its system can win in terms of modern innovative technologies. More than one innovative company that has taken the development trend of modern technologies cannot win this race if it does not improve and transform the business management model. This was perfectly demonstrated by the well-known companies Google, Microsoft, JP Morgan Chase, and Uber. The modern innovative world of technology development is inundated with agility, with flexibility, mobility, speed and even agility at its disposal. In the world of transformation, the attitude towards commodities is changing; if it used to be gas, fertilizer, oil, etc., now commodities are video cameras, televisions, phones, etc.
In the world of modern innovation, completely new market capitalization multipliers for companies are emerging. Very interesting and striking examples of this are the development and rise of Netflix and undoubtedly Uber.
The modern world and, of course, technologists are experiencing serious changes and transformations that are visible in almost all sectors of the economy.
So in the banking sector, JP Morgan and Citigroup are moving to storing their information and data in public clouds (Amazon Cloud), and undoubtedly all the development is in the perfection of Big Date, information storage volumes are increasing and growing at cosmic speeds. What changes and changes are noticeable in the financial sector of the economy of the modern world is undoubtedly the transition for many to agile, remote customer service, personal finance, advanced lending platforms and corporate banking. Innovative fintech companies have emerged that have introduced modern reorganizations into the process, which they do completely free of charge for clients and learn to make profits for themselves. Many banks are trying or will switch in the near future only to mobile technologies and versions of their products and will soon completely move away from offices and terminal-hardware versions. Undoubtedly, the modern banking world expects an explosive growth in the use of innovative PFM (personal financial manager) platforms that use artificial advisors, machine learning and even deepmachine in their technologies and customer consultations. At the moment, the Bank of England and even the financial sector of Kazakhstan are working on their markets and are almost completing pilot projects using blockchain in the application of virtual currencies based on artificial intelligence, which undoubtedly puts the banking sector in very difficult and completely new competitive conditions, and one might even say into the fight for survival.
In our opinion, the state of affairs in modern innovative medicine is not poorly covered, including in our past articles and site reviews -
We also paid attention to achievements in sports with the help of modern innovations
The main priority and most important value of almost all of humanity is to obtain a high-quality modern education.
This is where advances in interactive innovation and multimedia come to the aid of learning. In everyday use there is a new term “smart school”, equipped in modern conditions not only with projectors and computers, but also with completely unique innovative technologies in the field of education itself.
Let's look at some current and widely circulated popular and somewhat unique innovations in the media -
1. Forecasting or predictive analytics.
Predictive analytics using in its methods intellectual database analytics, processing past and current events to detail the future.
Modern smartphones are an innovative product that processes and receives a huge number of events and information of various kinds. Through the smartphone of a modern person, information about the owner himself, his relatives and many acquaintances passes through, as well as information related to the location of events, photographs and applications used - using which can be used to develop and reproduce unique future predictive models about people and their behavior in the future tense.
Undoubtedly, in our opinion preferably use this baggage and methods forecasting for the benefit of man and society. Fortunately, there are many applications for this innovation, starting from forecasting business models, use in medicine, pharmaceuticals, urban planning and much more.
2. Electronic devices to the human body
This type of practically invisible innovative devices is mainly intended to control the functioning of human organs and its condition and well-being, or to help a person in vital situations. For example, headphones, inserted and invisible in the auricle, take indicators of the cardiovascular system, there are sensors in the form of a temporary tattoo on the body that allow you to monitor the state of body posture and, if it is corrected, manipulate the treatment process; moreover, the tattoo will remove and display a lot of information that is not required about the work of other important organs of the human body, and the glued tactile electronic soles, in a situation of need, will show you the right road and direction based on the GPS signal and vibration. This technology represents a kind of electronic guide for a blind person.
The well-known wearable and innovative electronics Google Glass, which has already gained popularity, is also used in medicine during surgical interventions for cancer patients.
3
.Neurocomputer interface is a neural system created to allow the free exchange of information between an electronic device and the human brain on the other hand, often relying on the biofeedback method.
This innovation makes it possible to control a computer device with just the power of thought.
This “brain-computer” technology is also widely used and is being tested and tested in medicine (for paralysis of the arms, legs and other ailments).
In ophthalmology, brain implants capable of restoring human vision are being developed and tested.
4 . Extraction of metals from seawater concentrate.
Everyone knows the global environmental problem of humanity - the constantly decreasing natural reserves of fresh water.
Carrying out artificial desalination can significantly increase the world's supply of fresh water, but this technology borders on serious disadvantages and problems of environmental practice. Directly To carry out the desalination procedure, a lot of energy is required and during the reaction process itself a waste product is obtained in the form of highly concentrated salt water. When direct Returning this concentrate to the sea can result in a natural disaster in the form of a negative impact on the flora and fauna of the world's oceans.
Scientists have invented a new innovative approach to solving the problematic issue with this waste. From a concentrate of sea salt water they have learned to extract the most valuable and, most importantly, substances and minerals that are very necessary for humanity - potassium, uranium, magnesium, lithium, soda and potassium compounds.
The development of methods for obtaining gold from sea water is unique today. According to scientific statistics and calculations, the world’s oceans contain at least 8-1 billion tons of gold. If you calculate, then this reserve is quite enough to make every person on planet earth a millionaire.
5. Innovative pharmacology from PHK threads
Scientists have invented an innovative vaccine preparation from the smallest networks of the molecular composition of RNA ( ribonucleic acid acids) capable restore the patient's immunity, from the information obtained about a bacterial or viral protein captured by RNA networks.
At direct By introducing these drugs with RNA, it becomes possible to optimize medicinal protein proteins and the ratio of natural protein in the natural conditions of the human body, if it is in pathological norms. IN pharmacological world is monitored by this innovation symbiosis in the work of private clinics, large scientific centers and pharmaceutical companies
6.Innovative composite materials.
Scientists have invented ultralight nanostructured fibers for unique composite materials used in automotive industry and the construction of modern spaceships, hydroelectric power stations, and ballistic missiles. Ultralight equipment consumes much less fuel and, moreover, is less toxic in air pollution.
- Innovative probiotics in the treatment of human diseases.
Another unique technology in modern medicine that helps cure serious intestinal disorders and diseases in humans. Probiotics are live microorganisms found in the human body, the normal balance of which leads to a positive effect on the condition and health of a person, including the owner of this microflora.
Scientific methods in the innovative development of perfect probiotics and the technologies for their creation and production are in constant improvement.
8.Digital cytoscope.
Again, an innovative technology for the benefit of human health and classified as medical technology. The cytoscope adapter is linked to a cloud storage database, where all the information about the patient’s heartbeat and pulmonary respiration is accumulated in the cloud and subsequently subjected to analytics. And that’s not all - all information can be transferred to a smartphone through a special application. Having at our disposal a huge database of clinical sounds and previously conducted diagnostics with the patient, a diagnosis is made in the shortest possible time and correct and timely treatment is prescribed.
9. Mobile DNA laboratory.
A modern diagnostic innovative study of a DNA chain is carried out almost in a desktop laboratory and in a very short period of time - three hours, previously even in stationary and standard methods of this study, which took 24 hours.
10.Space technologies.
In the modern world, the scientific world of a number of countries and companies is working on programs that in the coming years could completely change our knowledge and the position of man in space.
The development of a space elevator is no longer a fantasy, but a real development of man, where, due to centrifugal force, a lift will rise along a cable, which will also receive acceleration due to the rotation of the earth. This is a cheaper way to launch cargo into space than using rocket accelerators. The problem of launching this innovative invention into commercial operation lies in the insufficient strength and hardness of the materials available to science at this stage of time.
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Innovative technologies have become perhaps the greatest agent of change in the modern world. There is never a risk, but positive technological breakthroughs promise to provide innovative solutions to the world's most pressing problems of our time, from resource scarcity to global environmental change. (…) By highlighting the most important technological advances, the Council aims to raise awareness of their potential and help close gaps in investment, regulation and public perception.
− Noubar Afeyan, entrepreneur, one of the authors of the report
Now let's look at the innovations themselves.
These innovative technologies are virtually invisible. These include earbuds that monitor your heart rate, sensors that monitor your posture (worn under clothing), temporary tattoos that monitor your vital organs, and haptic soles that give you GPS directions via vibration.
The latter, by the way, want to be used as a guide for the blind. And the well-known Google Glass, an innovative technology, is already helping oncologists in performing operations.
Google Glass is an innovative technology
2. Nanostructured graphite composite materials
Car exhaust polluting the atmosphere is the scourge of modern environmentalists. It is not surprising that increasing the operational efficiency of transport is one of the priority technological areas.
This will be facilitated by carbon fiber nanostructuring methods for the latest composite materials, which will help reduce the weight of cars by 10% or more. For what? A light car needs less fuel, which means it will pollute the environment less
Another environmental problem is the decrease in fresh water reserves and the associated desalination of sea water. Desalination can increase the supply of fresh water, but it also has disadvantages. Moreover, serious ones. Desalination requires a lot of energy and also produces concentrated salt water waste. The latter, returning to the sea, has an extremely negative effect on marine flora and fauna.
And the most promising solution to this issue may be a fundamentally new way of looking at this waste. They can be considered as a raw material source of very valuable substances: lithium, magnesium, uranium, ordinary soda, calcium, potassium compounds.
Energy problems are an inexhaustible source of questions. But some of them, it seems, will become completely solvable, thanks to new innovative technologies. For example, it is proposed to use flow batteries to store chemical energy in liquid form and in large quantities. This is similar to how we store coal and gas.
They will allow you to store quite large amounts of energy and all kinds of solid batteries, and in cheap and accessible materials.
Recently, high-capacity graphene capacitors have also been invented, with which batteries can be charged and discharged very quickly, performing many tens of thousands of cycles. Engineers are also considering other potentials, such as kinetic energy in large flywheels and storing compressed air underground.
Molecular structure of graphene
5. Nanowire lithium-ion batteries
These innovative batteries will be fully charged faster and produce 30-40% more electricity than today's lithium-ion batteries. All this will help improve the electric vehicle market, and will also allow you to store solar energy right at home. Experts suggest that now and over the next two years, batteries with a silicon anode will also be used in smartphones.
A real leap forward in this area occurred last year. This is why there is a high probability that in the near future we will see important breakthroughs regarding the use of innovative screenless display technology. What is it about? About a virtual reality headset, bionic contact lenses, the development of mobile phones for the elderly and visually impaired, about video holograms that do not require glasses or moving parts.
Glyph: futuristic virtual reality helmet
7. Medicines for human intestinal microflora
Recently, it has become clear that intestinal microflora influences the development of many diseases - from infections and obesity to diabetes and inflammation of the digestive tract.
Everyone knows that antibiotics destroy the intestinal microflora, causing complications such as infections from the bacterium Clostridium difficile, and sometimes threatening human life. Therefore, today clinical trials are being conducted all over the world. As a result, it was possible to detect groups of microbes in a healthy intestine. These microbes will help create a new generation of drugs, which, in turn, will help improve the treatment of human intestinal microflora.
These are also new generation drugs. Advances in the study of ribonucleic acids (RNA) will make it possible to obtain them. With the help of these drugs, it will be possible to dilute the natural protein present in excessive quantities and it will be possible to produce optimized medicinal proteins in the natural conditions of the body.
RNA-based drugs will be produced by already established private companies, but in collaboration with large pharmaceutical companies and research centers.
9. Predictive analytics
Smartphones are innovative technologies that contain an incredible amount of information about the activities of people, both the owners of these smartphones and their acquaintances (contact lists, call logging, GPS, Wi-Fi, geo-referenced photos, download data, applications we use etc.) will help build detailed predictive models about people and their behavior.
All this, according to experts, should serve a good purpose - for example, urban planning, prescribing individual medications, medical diagnostics.
Innovative technology Controlling a computer only with the power of thought is not at all a fantasy. Moreover, this is much closer to reality than we used to think. Brain-computer interfaces (where a computer reads and interprets signals directly from the brain) are already being tested in clinical trials. And most importantly, there are already good results. However, they are needed not for entertainment, but for people with disabilities. For example, for those who suffer from quadriplegia (paralysis of the arms and legs), isolation syndrome, people who have suffered a stroke, and who use a wheelchair. The brain-computer interface is capable of many things. With its help, a person will be able to control, say, a robotic arm in order to drink, eat and do much more. Moreover, brain implants can partially restore vision.
