Concept.

Lesson, dedicated to analysis the second part of the novel, the central task is put forward by the definition reasons for the alienation of the “common man” Maxim Maksimych and Pechorin. A situation emphasizing Maxim Maksimych’s impatient anticipation of a meeting with Pechorin, accuses the hero in advance, and the students, as a rule, speak with indignation about his cruelty and coldness towards the devoted staff captain. Let's try, with the help of compositional analysis and expressive reading of the dialogue between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych, to overcome the one-sidedness of the reader's assessment. The students are concerned with the question: why didn’t Pechorin stay with Maxim Maksimych? After all, he was in no hurry and, only after learning that Maxim Maksimych wanted to continue the conversation, he hastily got ready for the road.

In order to imagine why Pechorin left, we pay attention to the meeting of Maxim Maksimych with the officer-narrator. After all, in this short story there are not one, but two meetings. The first of them opens differently than the second. There is nothing like Pechorin’s coldness in the officer: “We met like old friends.” However, the result of this meeting is comical and sad at the same time: “... I must admit that without him I would have had to remain on dry eating... We were silent. What did we have to talk about? He already told me everything that was interesting about himself, but I had nothing to tell.”

The generally significant content of the staff captain’s life comes down to his relationship with Pechorin (perhaps involuntarily feeling this, that’s why Maxim Maksimych values ​​them so much). The narrator, although his suitcase is full of travel notes, does not tell the staff captain about them, apparently not hoping for understanding. So, it’s not about the first hug, which Pechorin didn’t start with (he ended the conversation by hugging Maxim Maksimych in a friendly manner). The point is the separation of the “common man” and the noble intellectual, that tragic abyss that Lermontov recognizes as one of the “caustic truths.”

How does Maxim Maksimych explain Pechorin’s reluctance to stay? Does the author agree with him?

We re-read the scene of Pechorin’s meeting with Maxim Maksimych and compile a “score of feelings” for their dialogue. Did Pechorin want to offend Maxim Maksimych? Is he indifferent to the fate and grief of the staff captain? Pechorin's portrait testifies to his fatigue and coldness. It was as if the feelings had left his face, leaving their traces on it and the impression of unspent strength. Pechorin is indifferent to his fate, to his past. To Maxim Maksimych’s question about what to do with the “papers”, Pechorin’s journal, he answers: "What do you want!" But even in this state of alienation from everything and from himself, Pechorin tries to soften his coldness "a friendly smile" and kind words: “I’m so glad, dear Maxim Maksimych! Well, how are you doing?” Pechorin’s refusal to stay is given in an impersonal form, as if it is not his will, but something more powerful that dictates this decision to him: “I have to go,” was the answer.” To the passionate questions of Maxim Maksimych (“Well! Retired?.. how?.. what did you do?”) Pechorin answered, “smiling,” in monosyllables: “I missed you!”

This smile, directly opposite to the meaning of the words, is often perceived by students as a mockery of the staff captain. But Pechorin is rather ironic at himself, at the hopelessness of his situation, when all attempts to invade life end in bitter results. Back in “Bel” the author warned us that today those who are truly bored the most are trying to hide this misfortune as a vice.” For For Maxim Maksimych, everything that happened was sweet, for Pechorin it was painful.: “Do you remember our life in the fortress?.. A glorious country for hunting!.. After all, you were a passionate hunter to shoot... And Bela?..” Pechorin turned slightly pale and turned away...

· Yes I remember! - he said, almost immediately yawning forcefully..."

The staff captain does not notice the involuntary irony of his words: "passionate hunter to shoot" Pechorin "shot" Bela (after all, his pursuit and shot prompted Kazbich to grab a knife). And Pechorin, it seems indifferent to everything in the world, he cannot calmly endure this reproach that he has not forgiven himself, just as he cannot calmly, epically remember the story with Bela in a conversation over pheasant and Kakhetian with Maxim Maksimych. Not hoping for Maxim Maksimych’s understanding, avoiding pain, Pechorin refuses to continue the meeting and, as best he can, tries to soften his refusal: “Really, I have nothing to tell, dear Maxim Maksimych... However, goodbye, I have to go... I’m in a hurry... Thank you for not forgetting... - he added, taking him by the hand,” and, seeing the old man’s annoyance, he added: “Well, that’s enough, that’s enough! - said Pechorin, hugging him in a friendly manner - am I really not the same?.. What to do?.. to each his own way.

Pechorin does not condemn the staff captain for being unable to understand him, does not blame anyone for his loneliness, but bitterly admits that they have different roads. He knows that a meeting with Maxim Maksimych will not dispel his boredom, and will only intensify his bitterness, and therefore avoids vain explanations. Once upon a time, Pechorin tried to open himself (confession in “Bel”), understand the position of the staff captain (conversation at the end of “Fatalist”) and behaved without any arrogance.

“Returning to the fortress, I told Maxim Maksimych everything that happened to me and what I witnessed, and wanted to know his opinion about predestination. At first he did not understand this word, but I explained it as best I could, and then he said, shaking his head significantly: “Yes! Of course, sir - this is a rather tricky thing! However, these Asian triggers often misfire if they are poorly lubricated, or if you press your finger firmly with dissatisfaction...” And then the staff captain willingly discusses the qualities of the Circassian weapons. In the end, Maxim Maksimych discovers that fatalism is characteristic of him: “Yes, it’s a pity for the poor fellow... The devil pulled him to talk to a drunk at night! However, apparently, it was written in his family!” I couldn’t get anything else out of him: he doesn’t like metaphysical debates at all.”

The kindness of Maxim Maksimych is powerless because it lacks an understanding of the general meaning of things. And therefore the staff captain is submissive to the circumstances, while Pechorin is trying to overcome them. For Lermontov, the confrontation between these heroes is so important that he ends the novel with a dialogue between Pechorin and the staff captain.. The short story “Maksim Maksimych” ends even more bitterly. In his offense, the staff captain is ready to confuse Pechorin with his proud lackey. Not understanding Pechorin, Maxim Maksimych accuses him of class arrogance: “What does he need in me? I’m not rich, I’m not an official, and I’m not his age at all... Look, what a dandy he has become, how he visited St. Petersburg again...”The staff captain's wounded pride pushes him to revenge. Having just considered himself a friend of Pechorin, Maxim Maksimych calls him “a flighty man”, “with contempt” throws his notebooks to the ground, ready to expose Pechorin to everyone: “at least print it in the newspapers!” What do I care!.. What, am I some kind of friend or relative?”

The change in Maxim Maksimych is so striking that it seems unthinkable or prompted by momentary anger. But the author will not allow us to be mistaken. Good turned to evil, and this is not a moment, but the final result of the life of the staff captain: “We said goodbye rather dryly. Good Maxim became a stubborn, grumpy staff captain! And why? Because Pechorin, absent-minded or for another reason (the author revealed it to us in the remarks to the dialogue - V.-M.) extended his hand to him when he wanted to throw himself on his neck! It's sad to see when a young man loses his best hopes and dreams... although there is hope that he will replace old misconceptions with new ones... But how to replace them in the years of Maxim Maksimych? Involuntarily, the heart will harden and the soul will close... I left alone.”The divergence between the “common man”, in whom there is a heart, but there is no understanding of people of another circle, the general circumstances of life, and the “hero of the time”, and with him the author of the novel, turned out to be inevitable.

With all the spiritual merits of Maxim Maksimych, he is not able to resist evil either in the private, human, or in the general, social sense.

At home, we give the students a plan to answer the topic “Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych” and, after reading the textbook article under the same title, think about whether they agree with all its provisions, justifying their point of view with the text of the novel.

Retelling and analysis of the story “Maksim Maksimych” or reading by role. Questions you can use:

1) What is your impression of what you read?

2) What are the features of Pechorin’s portrait? How does it differ from the portrait given by Maxim Maksimych in the story “Bela”?

3) What is the role of the narrator in the story?

4) How is Lermontov’s ideological plan manifested?

5) Analyze the episode of Pechorin’s meeting with the staff captain. Can Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych be called friends?

6) How do you explain Pechorin’s coldness? Why didn't he stay to dine with the staff captain?

7) What character traits of Pechorin were revealed in the last meeting with Maxim Maksimych?

8) Which of the heroes do you sympathize with?

9) What do you think their meeting should be like?

10) What is the place and significance of the story “Maksim Maksimych” in the novel?

(Compositional role The story “Maksim Maksimych” is great. She is like a connecting link between “Bela” and “Pechorin’s Journal”. It explains how the magazine came to the author, a visiting officer.

The plot of the story is also simple. But the meeting between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych is sad. The coldness, indifference and selfishness of the main character have increased. Journey - last try somehow fill your life with something useful, new experiences.)

The most important means Pechorin's characteristics in this story are psychological picture(features of appearance, reflection of complex emotional experiences in it, psychologism of the portrait).

Homework.

1. The story “Taman”. Reading, retelling the plot. What is the meaning of Pechorin’s clash with the smugglers?

2. Analysis of the episodes “The Boat Scene” and “Yanko’s Farewell to the Blind Boy.” What new did you learn about the main character?

3. Observations on the composition “Tamani”, description of nature, speech of the characters.

The dramatic change that occurs in Maxim Maksimych after Pechorin’s departure gives rise to disappointing thoughts in the author. How little was needed to the common man for happiness and how easy it is to make him unhappy - this is the author’s conclusion. It is obvious that the author does not approve of the destructive side of Pechorin’s character, which over the years increasingly prevails in him and ultimately leads the hero to self-destruction. In “Maxim Maksimych” Pechorin is no longer capable of those emotional movements that distinguished him before; he is a withdrawn, lonely and cold misanthrope, in front of whom only one road is open - to death. Meanwhile, Pechorin’s meeting with Maxim Maksimych only spurs the author’s interest in his hero, and if not for this accidental episode, Pechorin’s notes would never have ended up in his hands. The story turns out to be a connecting link between the parts of the novel; the episode of the meeting between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych explains and motivates the further appearance of “Pechorin’s Journal” in the novel.

For what purpose was I born?.. But, it’s true, I had a high purpose, since I feel immense strength in my soul,” he says. In this uncertainty lie the origins of Pechorin’s attitude towards the people around him. He is indifferent to their experiences, therefore, without hesitation, he distorts other people's destinies. Pushkin wrote about such young people: “There are millions of two-legged creatures - for them there is only one name.” Using Pushkin’s words, we can say about Pechorin that his views on life “reflected the century, and modern man is depicted quite correctly, with his immoral soul, selfish and dry.”

This is how Lermontov saw his generation.

If A. S. Pushkin is considered to be the creator of the first realistic poetic novel about modernity, then Lermontov is probably the author of the first socio-psychological novel in prose. “A Hero of Our Time” is reflected in the depth of its analysis of the psychological perception of the world.

And the meeting with Pechorin opened up a completely different world to him, the world of a person with values ​​other than military duty and following orders. In the life of the old staff captain, poor in vivid impressions (he was even accustomed to the whistling of bullets and the constant threat of death), his acquaintance with Pechorin stood apart. Of course, it was beyond the power of the simple-minded Maxim Maksimych to explain the actions of his young friend, but the charm of Pechorin’s personality turned out to be much greater than the lack of understanding of the true reasons for his “strangeness.” That is why, seeing Pechorin a few years later, “the poor old man, for the first time in his life, perhaps, abandoned the work of the service for his own needs.”

The composition of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Hero of Our Time” is such that in the first chapter we learn about Pechorin only from the words of Maxim Maksimych, an elderly officer who served for many years in the Caucasus. In the second chapter, which is called “Maksim Maksimych,” we see Pechorin through the eyes of the author, on whose behalf the story is told. The meeting of the heroes occurs by chance: while waiting at the hotel, Maxim Maxim learns that the owner of the dandy carriage and the spoiled lackey is none other than Pechorin. They cannot meet right away: Pechorin has already left to have dinner and spend the night with the colonel. Having asked the footman to tell Pechorin that Maxim Maksimych is here and waiting for him, the old man is sure that Pechorin “will come running now.” He has to wait until tomorrow morning. Using the technique of secret psychology, the author reveals to the reader state of mind staff captain, through external manifestations and through actions, depicting his inner experiences. Maxim Maksimych strives not to show his disappointment and resentment to a random fellow traveler, but he waits tensely, and the drama of this expectation increases: he sits outside the gate until late in the evening, refusing even a quiet tea party, he does not sleep for a long time - he coughs, tosses and turns, sighs... So as not to explaining his condition to a stranger, he gets away with the question of whether bedbugs bite him with the answer that yes, they do, but it is clear that this is not why he cannot sleep.

Pechorin appears in the morning, in the old man's absence. He might not have waited for Maxim Maksimych, but the narrator reminded him of his former colleague. Maxim Mksimych runs to Pechorin across the square, presenting a pitiful sight: sweaty, out of breath, exhausted. Pechorin is friendly, but that’s all. The old man greedily rushes to Pechorin, he is so excited that he cannot speak - Pechorin replies that he has to go. Maxim Maksimych is overwhelmed with memories - “Pechorin “turned a little pale and turned away”: it was apparently unpleasant for him to remember Bel and the past. He is on his way to Persia, and he doesn’t even need the papers left by the staff captain: Maxim Maksimych is worried about what to do with them, - Pechorin waves him off: “Whatever you want!” Such an antithesis in the behavior of the characters helps the author to reveal the author more clearly and serves as the next step to diary entries Pechorin - self-disclosure of the character of the hero.

Text based on the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov Hero of Our Time

Why did Pechorin treat Maxim Maksimych so coldly during their last meeting?

The chapter “Maksim Maksimych” describes a scene when at a crossroads, in Vladikavkaz, on the square near the hotel, an army captain and a man from a chosen environment meet, main character novel Pechorin.

Maxim Maksimych, by definition of critic V.G. Belinsky - one of the best folk characters. He has kindness, sincerity and a bright faith in friendship between people.

And therefore, he, being a simple-minded man, is confident that the aristocrat Pechorin will “come running” when he learns that Maxim Maksimych, his former comrade in arms, a modest, low-ranking officer, is staying at a local hotel.

But Pechorin coldly greets Maxim Maksimych, citing the fact that each of them has “their own path.”

The old man is upset, if not killed, by Pechorin’s behavior. He is sincerely convinced that the reason is in himself, in the old man who is “not rich, not an official,” and he cannot remain “on an equal footing” with the brilliant St. Petersburger.

But there are other reasons for Pechorin’s coldness. The staff captain is a witness and even a participant in the story of the seduction of Bela, a mountain girl, by the capital's aristocrat. He knew the story of the death of her family, and was present at the bedside of the dying Bela.

Outwardly, the romantic story with Bela is the story of Pechorin’s crime, which led to the destruction of family foundations, the death of both the family itself and all its members. If Maxim Maksimych had “kicked things into gear,” then his young friend, selfish and frivolous, would not have escaped severe punishment. That’s why Pechorin is also cold towards his former comrade in arms: who wants to reopen old wounds?

Psychologism in the behavior of the heroes is seen in the throwings of the kind Maxim Maksimych, who is impatiently waiting for Grigory Alexandrovich, and in the careless attitude of the main character towards his comrade in arms from previous years. However, as a sensitive person, Pechorin understands the reason for the old man’s offense and in his own way tries to justify himself and reassure his interlocutor.

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Reading the story "" from the novel "" we do not notice anything special in it. The plot without any extreme actions, without a threat to the life of the main character - a normal narration of events. But it seems so only at first glance. In fact, it is in this story that Pechorin’s true character and his attitude to life are revealed.

The meeting of old friends did not take place as Maxim Maksimych wanted. After the old man finds out about the arrival of his old friend, he abandons all official business and runs to Pechorin. He is ready to throw himself on his neck and hug Gregory in a friendly manner. But Pechorin only extends his hand to the staff captain as a sign of greeting. This gesture of the protagonist touches the elderly man to the core. After all, he saw his friend in Gregory.

Before meeting Pechorin, he was devoted to his military cause. He didn’t know or see anything other than service. Acquaintance and friendship with Pechorin inspired him new life. Of course, Maxim Maksimych could not always understand and explain the antics of the main character due to his spiritual simplicity. But he saw something unusual and interesting in this man. That is why the staff captain became so attached to Gregory. That is why their unexpected meeting aroused so many emotions in the elderly old man and made him fly headlong towards his comrade.

Why didn't he react the same way? Yes, because for him Maxim Maksimych and all the events associated with him were only matters of the past. He treated the old man the same as the rest of those around him; he did not see friendship in their relationship.

The protagonist's conversation with Maxim Maksimych was dry and short. Pechorin did not want to touch on past memories and bring up the next tragic events in his past. Bela's fate did not interest him as much as his old friend. He behaved selfishly and proudly.

This behavior of Pechorin wounded the soul and heart of Maxim Maksimych. He was not ready for such a cold meeting, he was upset and depressed. After all, the person he considered a good friend turned out to be dry and callous. Of course, this reaction of the old man influenced Pechorin, and he was moved for a second and hugged Maxim Maksimych before leaving.

In this episode we see that the main character becomes increasingly withdrawn and constrained in his emotions. He does not recognize old friends, he does not want to stir up the past, he does not want to communicate with others. For one moment it seems that Grigory Alexandrovich is losing his destiny. He has already been disappointed in his life so many times that it is of no interest to him.

It is in the episode of the story “Maksim Maksimych” that we see the real Pechorin, with a detailed description of his appearance, clothes, and gestures. It is this episode that creates a new understanding of the main character, who was created by the great author M.Yu. Lermontov.