Analysis of "The Queen of Spades" by A.S. Pushkin
Three crimes of Hermann.

What is our life? This is probably a road to nowhere. A series of successes and downfalls, bright spots and pitch darkness that covers the world on moonless autumn nights. When the wind howls, swinging the lanterns on the poles and forming lonely spots of light along the road, covered with fallen leaves and broken branches from the trees. This is a series of hopes and disappointments, a string of unrealized plans that we made for the future, stroked our pride and brightened up the long tired evenings. What else? This is the search for justice, the desire for perfection, love, hatred and indifference, the illusion of recognition and the ephemeral joy of victories. Hope for luck. Eternal hope for good luck and expectation of a miracle...

In his work, Pushkin vividly describes St. Petersburg - the capital of the empire, a breed of ghostly absurd life, a city fantastic events, incidents, ideals, a city that dehumanizes people, disfiguring their feelings, desires, thoughts, their lives. After reading “The Queen of Spades” by A. S. Pushkin, I began to think about these questions, and he helped me understand them
Hermann. This is a young military engineer, a passionate man obsessed with the idea of ​​wealth. On his way he stops at nothing. Ready to play with other people's feelings, he charms Lisa, a girl living in the house of the old countess, in order to master the secret of the “three cards”, which guarantees him big win. And this is true, because Herman at first wanted to achieve wealth in an honest way, but as soon as he found out about the secret three cards, and he became a completely different person. He began to chase this secret, he was ready
"sell" your soul to the devil. The thought of money clouded this man's mind. So, Herman’s first villainy is deceiving himself.
Pushkin described the area so accurately that in the former capital you can find this street and house. I have been to St. Petersburg many times. On one of the excursions we were told about this house. Now this is Gogol Street, house 10. Previously it belonged to Princess Natalya Petrovna. Tradition called this house a mansion
"The Queen of Spades". After the publication of the work, it became very popular, young men bet three cards, and others found similarities between Princess Natalya Petrovna and the Countess. Pushkin himself writes: “My “Queen of Spades” is in great fashion.” In general, in Pushkin’s work, Hermann sets himself the goal of finding out the secret of the three cards at all costs. And so he wants to become the old woman’s lover, but, having learned about Lisa, he begins to write letters to her (Lisa): “The letter contained a declaration of love: but it was gentle, respectful and word for word taken from a German novel. But Lizaveta Ivanovna did not understand French and was very pleased with it." And she (Lisa), not knowing the feeling of love, believed Hermann, who simply used her as
""bridge"" between himself and the countess. And now we notice the second crime - Lisa’s deception. He deceived her throughout the entire action, when he learned the secret of the three cards, he stopped meeting with her, and when he ended up in the Obukhov hospital
– and completely forgot about her.
In "The Queen of Spades" you can notice moments that I would like to name
""random"":
""...Thinking in this way, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg, in front of a house of ancient architecture...
-Whose is this house? – he (Hermann) asked the corner guard.
“Countesses,” answered the guard.
Hermann trembled. The amazing anecdote again presented itself to his imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about its owner and about his wonderful ability...”
Apparently Gemann was drawn to this unremarkable house by some
""unknown force"". And she "pulled him towards her." I believe that selling your soul to the devil is his third crime. After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with the devil. And why
Hermann "got screwed"? but it’s all very simple, he did not keep his promise, because the countess made a reservation: “”... so that you marry my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna...” He had no intention of marrying her at all. For this, the Countess, who acquired the ability to examine the souls of people, punished our hero. Another opinion is that the countess specifically named the wrong card so that the devil would “not pay for Hermann’s soul”, but simply take it away.…
And so Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. He has only one thing in his head: ""...three, seven, ace!.. three, seven, queen!.."" This is what the endless pursuit of wealth has led to.
Throughout the entire work, the author shows Hermann only from the bad side. But I believe that this crazy man is much simpler and weaker.
It is unknown how we would have behaved in his place... After all, it is easier to condemn than to understand, isn’t it? As LN Tolstoy said: “Undoubtedly. It’s more important how a person perceives fate than what it actually is.”

Shilyagova Ekaterina.

a) St. Petersburg is a city of fantastic events.

b) Hermann’s first crime.

c) Similarity to the real Peter.

d) The Queen of Spades mansion.

Lisa is the “bridge” between Hermann and the Countess.

"Random" events.

Why did Hermann "turn himself up"?:

a) Hermann's third crime.

Pushkin is a creative genius.

Three crimes of Hermann.

In his work, Pushkin vividly describes St. Petersburg - the capital of the empire, a breed of ghostly absurd life, a city of fantastic events, incidents, ideals, a city that dehumanizes people, disfiguring their feelings, desires, thoughts, their lives. And this is true, because Hermann at first wanted to achieve wealth in an honest way, but as soon as he learned about the secret of the three cards, Hermann became a completely different person. He began to chase this secret, and was ready to “sell” his soul to the devil. The thought of money clouded this man's mind. So, Hermann's first crime is deceiving himself.

Let's return to the description of Peter once again. Pushkin described the area so accurately that in the former capital itself you can find this street and house. Now this is Gogol Street, house 10. This house previously belonged to Princess Natalya Petrovna. Tradition called this house the mansion of the “Queen of Spades.” After the publication of the work, it became very popular, young men bet three cards, and others found similarities between Princess Natalya Petrovna and the Countess***. Pushkin himself writes: "" Mine "" Queen of Spades""in great fashion"". In general, in Pushkin’s work, Hermann sets himself the goal of finding out the secret of the three cards at all costs. And so he wants to become the old woman’s lover, but, having learned about Lisa, he begins to write letters to her (Lisa): “The letter contained a declaration of love: but it was gentle, respectful and word for word taken from a German novel. But Lizaveta Ivanovna did not understand French and was very pleased with it." And she (Lisa), not knowing the feeling of love, believed Hermann, and he simply used her as a “bridge” between himself and the countess. And now we notice the second crime - Lisa’s deception. He deceived her throughout the entire action, when he learned the secret of the three cards, he stopped meeting with her, and when he found himself in the Obukhov hospital, he completely forgot about her.

In "The Queen of Spades" you can notice moments that can be called "random":

""...Thinking in this way, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg, in front of a house of ancient architecture...

-Whose is this house? - he (Hermann) asked the corner guard.

“Countesses***,” answered the guard.

Hermann trembled. The amazing anecdote again presented itself to his imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about its owner and about his wonderful ability...”

As you can see, Gehmann was drawn to this unremarkable house by some “unknown force.” And she “pulled him towards her.” And yet, what is Hermann’s third crime? I believe that this is selling your soul to the devil. After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with the devil. Why did Hermann “turn himself off”? but it’s all very simple, he did not keep his promise, because the countess made a reservation: “”... so that you marry my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna...” He had no intention of marrying her at all. For this, the Countess, who acquired the ability to examine the souls of people, punished our hero. Another opinion is that the countess specifically named the wrong card so that the devil would “not pay for Hermann’s soul”, but simply take it away... And so Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. He has only one thing in his head: ""...three, seven, ace!.. three, seven, queen!..""

V.G. Belinsky wrote: “Pushkin belongs to the number of creative geniuses, those greatest historical figures who, working for the present, prepare the future, therefore, cannot belong only to the past.” Maybe that’s why Pushkin’s works are immortal. They were popular in Pushkin’s time, and they are still popular now...

P.S.: I don’t know what grade this essay will get (I haven’t checked it yet). But I’ll say right away that I used materials downloaded from the Internet, so if anyone has a share, plz don’t be offended. Well, if you are offended... Write your grievances to Mix _ a .2 k @ mail . ru .

Good luck

Three atrocities of Hermann Plan Petersburg in the work of A.S. Pushkin's "The Queen of Spades" a) St. Petersburg is a city of fantastic events. b) Hermann’s first crime. c) Similarity to the real Peter. G

"The Three Villains of Herman"

(based on the story “The Queen of Spades”)

Target: To teach awareness of the moral and ethical content of a work of art.

Tasks:

· summarize the reading and analysis of the story;

· conduct benchmarking the image of the main character of the story with other characters;

· draw moral and ethical conclusions.

Decor: computer presentation.

The use of problematic technologies, group training, computer technologies.

During the classes

I. Conversation on the following issues:

- What is Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades” about? About the mysterious unpredictability of life, about the temptation to calculate its course, about the tragic turns of history, about loyalty to duty and honor. Our lesson will raise questions of honor and dishonor, purpose and meaning human life- key questions in creativity, whose words “And I awakened good feelings with the lyre” gave direction for the development of Russian literature up to the present day.

-At home you should have prepared the story of the creation of the story. Who wants to answer?

The history of the creation of “The Queen of Spades” (student answer option):

A curious incident that became known to Pushkin gave impetus to the plot of “The Queen of Spades.” Pushkin told his friend Nashchokin that the plot of the “Queen of Spades” was not fictional. The young Prince Golitsyn told him how he once lost badly at cards. I had to bow to my grandmother Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, an arrogant and domineering person, and ask her for money. She didn't give me any money. But she kindly passed on the magical secret of the three winning cards, told to her by the once famous Count of Saint-Germain. The grandson bet on these cards and won back.

II.In Golitsyn’s boastful story, Pushkin caught the plot. More precisely, the grain of the plot.

- What did Pushkin change in the story he heard from Prince Golitsyn?

- What new characters did you introduce?

- Why does Pushkin, in contrast to Golitsyn’s anecdote, main character- not Russian by birth, the old woman and Herman are not relatives?

- Why was the image of Lisa introduced?

And the ending of Pushkin's story does not at all resemble the rosy end of Golitsyn's card adventure - the hero goes crazy. It turns out that from what was heard, only the skeleton was taken, which was clothed with the living flesh of human characters. From funny story, fluttering through secular salons, a story of deep ethical meaning grew. This is how another mystery of Pushkin’s prose appears before the readers.

And the solution lies, first of all, in the image of the main character. Hermann and his actions will be the subject of analysis in our lesson. And let the leading method of analysis be a comparison of the hero with other characters in the story, as well as an analysis of artistic details and their role in revealing the idea of ​​the story.

III. Herman is included in two contrasting comparisons: Herman and a circle of people of the same era, but of a different social type (Liza, Tomsky, Narumov, Surin) and Herman and representatives of the nobility of another era - the passing century (the old countess, Chekalinsky).

Group 1 homework

1. In the Dictionary of Literary Terms, find the definition of artistic detail. 2. Try to convey your vision of this scene in an expressive reading of the episode (Chapter 1) “Once we were playing cards with the horse guard Narumov... so listen.” 3.Trace the appearance of Hermann on the pages of The Queen of Spades. What artistic details are most significant in this narrative? Is it by chance that Hermann’s beautiful phrase “The game occupies me greatly... but I am not able to sacrifice what is necessary in the hope of acquiring what is superfluous” ends with almost harsh words from Tomsky? Is the detail accidental - “Hermann is a German: he is calculating, that’s all!”?

From the dictionary:

Artistic detail- detail of a landscape, portrait, interior or psychological characteristics of a hero, highlighted by the writer among all other details in order to emphasize its special pictorial, expressive or symbolic meaning. One part can replace whole line details. The detail focuses the reader's attention on what seems to the writer the most important or characteristic in nature, in a person or in the objective world around him. In the selection itself, the “strengthening” of certain details that turn into artistic details, author's attitude to life and heroes.

VI.- What is the main character of the story? (Chapter 1)

- What does he say about himself? (Chapter 1)

- What do those with whom he spends time say about him?

- What distinguishes the hero from other participants in the card game at the beginning of the story?

Reading the text of the story (chapter 2):

“The game occupies me greatly,” said Hermann, “but I am not able to sacrifice what is necessary in the hope of acquiring what is superfluous.” Tomsky about Hermann: “Hermann is a German: he is calculating, that’s all! I think he has at least three crimes on his conscience.”

Let's write down in a notebook key words that characterize the hero's nature:calculating, secretive, ambitious, strong passions, fiery imagination, firmness. Before us psychological picture a man who is contradictory in many ways: he combines passion and restraint, fiery imagination and secrecy.

Does the author clearly highlight negative traits in the character of Hermann? I think no. It is always more important what direction the hero himself gives to his impulses and desires. The author offers us a unique “formula of life” for Hermann, which the hero hopes will lead him to success: "No! calculation, moderation and hard work: these are my three true cards, this is what will triple, seventeen my capital and give me peace and independence!”

Let's write this phrase in our notebooks, because in it is the goal of the hero’s life - peace and independence, and here the means of achieving the goal are calculation, moderation and hard work.

- Is it possible to achieve success in life using these means?

- How is the “formula” used in the future? How true is it? Let's compare the hero with representatives of the noble youth in the story. Name them (Narumov, Surin, Tomsky). Hermann differs from Tomsky and other young people: everything is given to them for free, but for the hero life is hard, he is a man of modest income and modest social status. Therefore, their attitude towards the game is different: for them it is fun, for him it is the power of success, money that gives power.

- What lengths does the hero go to for money? Let us pay attention to two plot moves of Pushkin, which we have already discussed and which are absent from the notorious joke.

- Why are Pushkin’s Hermann and the Countess not relatives?

- Why was the image of Lisa introduced?

Hermann is overwhelmed by a thirst for enrichment - this is his main feature. He feverishly goes over all the possibilities in his mind: “... introduce himself to her, win her favor...”, “perhaps become her lover.” Lover of an old woman about ninety years old! Monstrous, unnatural intention! But not for Hermann. He is ready for anything; There is a solid calculation here and absolutely no... feelings. Where will the hero's calculation lead? What is missing in his formula for success - “calculation, moderation, hard work”?

V.“Calculation” is a word that is repeated more than once. His love relationship? Same calculation. Without Lisa, the plot of the story would not have developed. When conceiving The Queen of Spades, Pushkin faced the question: how to build a plot so that Hermann could meet face to face with the impregnable owner of an alluring secret? This is how the image of the young pupil arose.

- Let's meet Lisa. “And this is my life!” thought Lizaveta Ivanovna. Comment on the girl's words. We also sympathize with the heroine because by nature “she was proud and keenly aware of her position.”

Let's turn to one of the pages of the story and read an episode from Chapter 2. The Countess is getting ready for a walk, tormenting her poor pupil with unfounded reproaches. “Someone else’s bread is bitter,” says Dante, “and the steps of someone else’s porch are heavy, and who would know the bitterness of dependence if not the poor pupil of a noble old woman?.. Lizaveta Ivanovna was a domestic martyr.”

- Who does Lisa Hermann become for? For her, he is a mysterious lover, a hope for liberation from addiction, a hope for happiness. And who does she become for him? For Hermann, Lisa is only an instrument of a carefully conceived plan - to penetrate the countess's bedroom. Not falling in love is calculation, not sincerity is a neatly constructed deceitful game.

VI. Let's pay attention to the word "game". This is another key to unraveling Pushkin's story.

- What did Hermann want to achieve success? Card game. Circumstances have changed, this was not enough - and he gets involved in the love game. Where is real life? Why does Hermann is she not there?

Where there is no place for real feelings, there is no real life. An inexperienced girl falls into the nets set by the hero. By coincidence (and by the will of the author), before the fateful night date, Tomsky, dancing a mazurka with Liza at the ball, mentions Hermann and gives him an unusual description.

(Reading by roles: Liza and Tomsky, chapter 4 - “mazurochka chat”).

- Who does Tomsky compare German to?

- What is hidden in this short and incredibly capacious comparison: Herman - Napoleon - Mephistopheles?

Let's remember Pushkin:

We all look at Napoleons.

There are millions of two-legged creatures

For us there is only one weapon...

- At what point will Lizaveta Ivanovna herself be amazed at the hero’s resemblance to Napoleon?

VII. In a conversation with Lisa, Tomsky says about Hermann that “he has at least three atrocities on his conscience.” Which ones do you think?

For the story, the number “three” is key: three cards, three main characters and, finally, three villains - according to Tomsky. And if we are even more careful, we will remember that there are also three components of Hermann’s formula: “Calculation, moderation and hard work.”

- What can three cards represent?

At the end of the story, instead of triumph, there is collapse! Map made by Hermann maximum bet, the bat is the collapse of the formula of life, in which moderation and hard work have long given way to calculation. The first victim is the Countess. Hermann, of course, did not intend to kill her: his pistol was not even loaded. But could an almost 90-year-old old woman withstand a sudden invasion at night by a stranger? What is the hero's reaction to the death of the Countess?(Hermann “did not feel remorse at the thought of the dead old woman. One thing terrified him: the irrevocable loss of the secret from which he expected enrichment”).

The second victim is Lisa. Does the hero feel at least pity towards her? Hiding in the Countess's office, Hermann heard Lisa's hurried steps. Chapter 5: “Something resembling remorse echoed in his heart and fell silent again. He turned to stone.” And after what happened, “neither the poor girl’s tears nor the amazing beauty of her grief disturbed his stern soul.” True, three days later (the number three again!) Hermann went to the monastery: “I don’t feel repentance, he could not, however, completely drown out the voice of conscience...” But the reader, following Pushkin, understands: this is not repentance, this is just prejudice . Hermann completely petrified his soul: there was no conscience or pity left in him. So, not only the old countess became a victim of Hermann, but also Lisa. True, Hermann did not destroy Lisa. In the last lines of the story it is even reported that she married “a very kind young man". Everything ended well for her, didn’t it? But let’s think about the words “a very kind young man” - after all, in Pushkin’s story, every word is weighed. “Dear..." Does this mean that he is a kind, sincere person. Is there here is a hint of love feelings. No. Lisa did not marry for love: her soul was broken by Hermann’s cruel deception.

- Who became the third victim in Hermann’s game? The third victim of his destructive passion is Hermann himself. He offers the countess a secret: “... I am ready to take your sin upon my soul.”

VIII. Before you consider climax scene, taking place in Chekalinsky’s manor apartment (Chapter 6), let’s clarify the rules of the game of Stoss. From a deck of cards scattered on the table, players (ponters, or punters) choose the one they bet on. The other deck is in the hands of the banker, who throws cards left and right. If the chosen card falls to the right, the banker wins; if it falls to the left, the punter wins.

- What happened in Chekalinsky’s gambling house? What is the atmosphere of this house? What was the game like the decisive third time?(Chapter 6)

- We have a fight ahead of us. Tell me: a duel between whom and whom? Card duel between Herman and the banker? Herman and the old countess who took revenge on him? Or Herman with himself?

IX. In the story "The Queen of Spades" there is no word honor. If another, similar to him, has the same root - “ambition” - in Hermann’s description: “... he was secretive and ambitious.”

- Let’s select synonyms for the word “ambition”: “vanity”, “desire for power”, “desire for glory”.

- From what words is the word “vanity” derived? From the words “vain glory,” that is, in vain. This means that “ambition” is the desire for unnecessary, vain glory. Hermann seeks to learn the secret of three cards, and these cards are “three, seven, ace.”

In these cards, the hope for happiness is how the hero understands it. But at the beginning of the story (Chapter 2), Hermann reflects: “No! Calculation, moderation and hard work: these are my three true cards, this is what will triple, seventeen my capital...”

“Tripling” is a “three”, “sevening” is a “seven”, “capital” is an “ace”! What happens? It turns out there was no secret! Every person has their own lucky “three, seven, ace”. But if a person begins to live without honor, and in pursuit of his independence steps over other people, then the “Queen of Spades” awaits him.

XII.-What does the “Queen of Spades” symbolize? Why did Pushkin, having originally given the story the title "Blank Shot", changed it?

considered the “Queen of Spades” the height of perfection. In the interweaving of reality and fiction - Pushkin's psychologism, affirming depth and dynamics inner world a person who is embodied in actions and reactions that sometimes lead to implausible success and sometimes to disaster. This is how the world of passions, often villainies, and the value guidelines of human behavior opposed to them is introduced to the logic of artistic creation.

Homework: a written answer to the question "What caused Hermann's madness?"

»
Plan 1. Petersburg in the work of A.S. Pushkin's "The Queen of Spades" Hermann trembled. The amazing anecdote again presented itself to his imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about its owner and about its wonderful ability...” Apparently Gemann was drawn to this unremarkable house by some “unknown force.” And she “pulled him towards her.” And yet, what is Hermann’s third crime? I believe that this is selling your soul to the devil. After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with the devil. Why did Hermann “turn himself off”? but it’s all very simple, he did not keep his promise, because the countess made a reservation: “”... so that you marry my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna...” He had no intention of marrying her at all. For this, the Countess, who acquired the ability to examine the souls of people, punished our hero. Another opinion is that the countess specifically named the wrong card so that the devil would “not pay for Hermann’s soul”, but simply take it away... And so Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. He has only one thing in his head: ""...three, seven, ace!.. three, seven, queen!.."" V.G. Belinsky wrote: “Pushkin belongs to the number of creative geniuses, those greatest historical figures who, working for the present, prepare the future, therefore, cannot belong only to the past.” Maybe that’s why Pushkin’s works are immortal. They were popular in Pushkin’s time, and are still popular now... P.S.: I don’t know what grade this essay will get (they haven’t checked it yet). But I’ll say right away that I used materials downloaded from the Internet, so if anyone has a share, plz don’t be offended. Well, if you are offended... Write your grievances to [email protected]. Good luck(

>Essays based on the work The Queen of Spades

Three atrocities of Hermann

The story by A. S. Pushkin “The Queen of Spades” is filled with mystical elements. This is not the only example of mysticism depicted by the author, but undoubtedly one of the best. Pushkin himself, observing the success of the “Queen of Spades” in society, admired his work. The plot was suggested to him by a story he heard in 1828 from Prince Golitsyn. He assured that his grandmother had some secret that allowed her to always win in a card game.

The main character of the story, young officer Hermann, is a man of great passions. Having heard a similar story from a friend, he decides to get the secret of a successful card combination at all costs. This is his first crime. He deceived himself. At the beginning of the work, we see that he earns money honestly and keeps his accumulated money, avoiding all kinds of gambling. But upon hearing about the miraculous combination, he instantly betrays himself.

He committed the second evil when he penetrated the soul and trust of a young pupil of Countess Tomskaya - a girl named Lisa. The reader understands that he does not love this girl, but simply uses her to get into the countess’s chambers. The thought of a big win clouded his mind, so he was capable of anything. Finding himself in the countess's office, he threatened the old woman with death if she did not tell him the secret. Tomskaya herself fell and died at the sight of the pistol. This, of course, was a great sin on his part.

On the evening after the funeral, he saw her in a prophetic dream, in which she revealed the secret of three cards in exchange for Hermann marrying Lisa. Without a moment's hesitation, he agreed. This was his third crime. To achieve his greedy goals, he sold his soul to the devil. For three days in a row he played cards, hoping to win big, but on the last day he lost his entire fortune, because instead of an ace he had in his hands a queen of spades, very reminiscent of the Countess of Tomsk.

After this incident, the main character ended up in a psychiatric hospital, where he kept repeating to himself “three, seven, ace.” Lisa married another man. Thus, he paid for the evil he committed. Subsequently, Pushkin's story was filmed more than once and formed the basis of the opera of the same name by P. I. Tchaikovsky. In addition, “The Queen of Spades” opened a string of other, new works by Russian classics on the theme of unprincipled man.