In the depths of the plot at number 8, behind a cast-iron fence, there is a bright three-story building with a figured attic and elegant stucco, known as the “Mariinsky School”. The house, which has already undergone a lot of changes in the 20th century, is now under threat of demolition or global reconstruction.
The history of the site begins in the 18th century, when part of it was owned by Sergei Avraamovich Lopukhin, the son of the “Duma nobleman” Abraham Nikitich Lopukhin and the cousin of Tsarina Evdokia, the first wife of Peter the Great. In 1711, ownership passed to his daughter Mavra, by her husband, Countess Sheremeteva, and remained in this family until the 1750s, until the plots were united. The owner of another part of the property, Timofey Nadarzhinsky, the tsar’s confessor, was also in direct connection with Peter. According to research, the wealth of the white clergy in Russia was not heard of until the beginning of the 18th century, and the first priest whose wealth truly amazed the imagination was Nadarzhinsky.
In the 1750s, the combined plot was acquired by Vasily Mikhailovich Eropkin, president of the Revision Board, and he built the house at the base of the existing building. Almost half a century later, the house was owned by the father of Catherine’s favorite Platon Zubov, chief prosecutor of the Senate, who was remembered by his contemporaries for his bribery.
A watercolor by D. Indiantsev, painted in 1850, depicts this house as the most luxurious among other buildings on the Sofia embankment. It probably became this way under its last private owners, the Durasovs. The three-story building is decorated with a Corinthian portico flanked by sculptures. Judging by this touch, which is repeated in the architecture of Pashkov’s house, it can be assumed that the author of the project was Durasov’s neighbor, an architect.
When in 1860 the Ladies' Guardianship for the Poor began to look for a new location for the establishment of a school, a better house could not have been found. The Mariinsky School, named after the early deceased daughter of one of the trustees, opens a new page in the history of the house.
At the Mariinsky School, girls from poor families received an education and the profession of a home teacher - however, the teachers here were undoubtedly of a high level: professors at Moscow University and, in the musical field, the founder of the conservatory. He devoted seven years to teaching at the Mariinsky School. According to the recollections of his students, he remained reserved and strict during lessons - but with great pleasure he accompanied the school choir, and as a gift he could give a piano concert. Rachmaninov wrote six songs especially for the Mariinsky School choir with lyrics by Nekrasov, Lermontov and other poets. Metaphysical connections with the musicality of the place are emphasized by the fact that Tchaikovsky’s brother was married in the school’s house church. This means that Pyotr Ilyich also could not help but visit this house!
After the revolution, the building became famous more in literature and memoirs than in music. The house was transferred to Belinsky School No. 19 (now located in a Soviet-built building on 3rd Kadashevsky Lane), where children from the famous House on the Embankment studied. The first years of school life were spent here, who perfectly described the school and its students in the novel “The House on the Embankment.” After the war, musician Andrei Makarevich studied at the school, who, unlike Trifonov, was lucky to graduate, and in high school also had a fight with the director over long hair and “beatnik” clothes.
In the 1970s, Mosproekt-2 moved into the building, whose employees included famous restorers and historians E.V. Trubetskaya, A.A. Klimenko, who saved many buildings from demolition.
In 2008, the house of the Mariinsky School was defended: the building was sentenced to demolition. Now the territory around the house is claimed by a large hotel holding, planning to rebuild building 8 and new construction on the site of houses 10 and 12. Despite the fact that the project approved by the Department of Cultural Heritage does not exist, the building is “cordoned off” with security and Strabag banners , which destroyed more than one ancient building in Moscow.
Mariinsky Women's Schools elementary girls' schools of a special type, which arose according to the thoughts of the now Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna. The basic rules about them, developed by N. X. Wessel, were approved by the Highest on September 2, 1882. M. schools are intended for girls of the lower strata of the urban population who do not need a gymnasium education or who are not able to do it, and a simple literacy school is insufficient. MA schools should constitute an intermediate stage between primary lower schools and secondary educational institutions, constantly bearing in mind the working life ahead of the students and paying serious attention not only to religious and moral education and academic subjects, but also to preparation for the study of crafts (penmanship, drawing, sketching) and practical activities at home (handicrafts). and vocational schools. At the first St. Petersburg. The M. College has opened a vocational department, with a three-year course of study; Only girls who have completed a course in one of St. Petersburg are accepted. M. schools; tuition fee 12 rubles. in year; Those who successfully pass the final exam receive the title of apprentice. Currently, a wardrobe class (dress sewing) is open in the professional department. Until 1862, Moscow was called schools. M. women's gymnasiums.
Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .
See what "Mariinsky Women's Schools" is in other dictionaries:
1) in 1858, 62 secondary educational institutions in Russia of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria with 7-year training; renamed the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium.2) Since 1882, 4-year general educational institutions of the same... ...
1) in 1858 1862 secondary general educational institutions in Russia Department of Institutions of Empress Maria with 7-year training; renamed the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. 2) Since 1882, 4-year general educational institutions of the same... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Women's schools that existed in Russia were divided into Mariinsky, i.e., schools under the jurisdiction of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria (See Department of Institutions of Empress Maria), schools of the Ministry of Public Education and ... ...
WOMEN'S SCHOOLS in Russia 1) secondary educational institutions (with 7 years of study, 1858) Departments of the institutions of Empress Maria; in 1862 renamed the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium; existed until 1917;2) since the 80s. 19th century primary education... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
In Russia, 1) secondary educational institutions (with a 7-year period of study, 1858) of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria; in 1862 renamed the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium; existed until 1917; 2) since the 80s. XIX century primary educational institutions... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
See the articles Women's gymnasiums and Women's colleges... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Women's schools- school of the Imperial Department. Mary, teacher Min va Nar. education and diocesan schools under the jurisdiction of the Synod. Mariinsky Zh.U. included: a) cf. wives textbook institutions that opened in 1862 on the initiative of I. A. Vyshnegradsky, later... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
See Gymnasium, Women's schools, Mariinsky women's gymnasiums, Mariinsky women's schools... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
See Gymnasium, Women's schools, Mariinsky women's gymnasiums, Mariinsky women's schools. * * * WOMEN'S GYMNASIUM WOMEN'S GYMNASIUM, see Gymnasium (see GYMNASIA), Women's schools (see WOMEN'S SCHOOLS), Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium (see MARIINSKIE... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Secondary educational institutions in Russia were divided into gymnasiums of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria (See Department of Institutions of Empress Maria), gymnasiums of the Ministry of Public Education and private gymnasiums (See... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
On the left side of Bolshaya Ordynka Street, at number 47, there is an unusually tall two-story house with a massive base made of granite blocks, beautiful cast-iron umbrellas over the entrances, located on the sides of the central, vertically elongated risalit. The building was built in the 70s of the 19th century with funds from the Moscow Merchant Society according to the design of the architect Alexander Stepanovich Kaminsky, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. The history of this building is as follows. In the fall of 1862, Alexander II visited Moscow, where he was greeted in the Grand Kremlin Palace by representatives of all classes, including the Moscow mayor, hereditary honorary citizen, merchant of the first guild Mikhail Leontievich Korolev.
The merchant attracted the attention of the autocrat, the emperor promised to personally visit the mayor with his wife and kept his promise. He communicated with the owner and household members simply and naturally. Moscow merchants perceived the emperor's visit as a turning point, as a sign of a new attitude towards business people. This fact made an indelible impression on Korolev, and he donated a large sum to the creation of the Alexander-Mariinsky School in memory of this event, with free education, breakfasts and treatment for the poorest boys and girls of all classes from seven and a half years old. The Moscow Merchant Society also took part in the establishment of the school. The school became very popular. After graduation, children could continue their education in gymnasiums, commercial and real schools. In 1877, together with the main building for the school teachers, a two-story brick house was built, overlooking Malaya Ordynka. Ivan Gavrilovich Bukharin, a graduate of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University, and a primary school teacher at the school, lived in this house. Here he and his wife, teacher Lyubov Ivanovna Izmailova, were born in 1888 and lived for several years, the future revolutionary fighter, comrade-in-arms V.I. Lenin and one of the leaders of the young USSR Nikolai Bukharin. In the 1890s, the teachers' building was built onto a floor to accommodate handicraft classes.
What happened to the school after the revolution? In 1918, the Alexander-Mariinsky School was transformed into school No. 17 named after N.I. Bukharin. The school ran courses where they trained organizers of political education and school affairs. On September 1, 1930, the courses absorbed the school and the Industrial Pedagogical College opened here. This date is considered the founding day of Moscow Pedagogical College No. 1. The technical school in Zamoskvorechye became the scientific and methodological center of Moscow and the whole country. Since 1932, it was called the Moscow State Model Industrial Pedagogical College, and in 1936 it was renamed the Moscow Model Pedagogical College. A year later, on January 7, 1937, this educational institution received its final status - Moscow Pedagogical School No. 1. The most famous Soviet teacher A.S. Makarenko gave a report here on the basics of political education of children. During the Great Patriotic War, education at the school did not stop, and in the fall of 1941, admission to the first year was announced. Children from German-occupied territories were settled in a former teaching house. After the end of the war in 1945, the educational institution was named after K. D. Ushinsky. Nowadays, this is Pedagogical College No. 1 named after. K. D. Ushinsky.
The central part of the complex is the reconstructed Mariinsky School - an architectural monument.
The history of the site begins in the 18th century, when part of it was owned by Sergei Avraamovich Lopukhin, the son of the “Duma nobleman” Abraham Nikitich Lopukhin and the cousin of Tsarina Evdokia, the first wife of Peter I. In 1711, ownership passed to his daughter Mavra, by her husband - the Countess Sheremeteva, and remained in this family until the 1750s, before the merger of the plots. The owner of another part of the property, Timofey Nadarzhinsky, the tsar’s confessor, was also in direct connection with Peter. According to research, they did not hear about the wealth of the white clergy in Russia until the beginning of the 18th century, and the first priest whose wealth truly amazed the imagination was Nadarzhinsky.
Consolidated site in the 1750s. Vasily Mikhailovich Eropkin, president of the Revision Board, acquires it and builds the house at the base of the existing building. Almost half a century later, the house was owned by the father of Catherine’s favorite Platon Zubov, chief prosecutor of the Senate, who was remembered by his contemporaries for his bribery.
A watercolor by D. Indiantsev, painted in 1850, depicts this house as the most luxurious among other buildings on the Sofia embankment. It probably became this way under its last private owners, the Durasovs. The three-story building is decorated with a Corinthian portico flanked by sculptures. Based on this feature, which is repeated in the architecture of Pashkov’s house, one can assume that the author of the project was Durasov’s neighbor, the architect Bazhenov.
When in 1860 the Ladies' Guardianship for the Poor began to look for a new location for the establishment of a school, a better house could not have been found. The Mariinsky School, named after the early deceased daughter of one of the trustees, opens a new page in the history of the house.
In the building of the Mariinsky School, specially rebuilt for this purpose in the 1870s, girls from poor families received education and the profession of governess and home teacher - however, the teachers here were undoubtedly of a high level: professors from Moscow University and - in the musical field - the founder of the conservatory, Nikolai Grigorievich Rubinstein. Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov devoted seven years to teaching (1894–1901) at the Mariinsky School. According to the recollections of his students, he remained reserved and strict during lessons - but with great pleasure he accompanied the school choir, and as a gift he could give a piano concert. Rachmaninov wrote six songs especially for the Mariinsky School choir with lyrics by Nekrasov, Lermontov and other poets. Metaphysical connections with the musicality of the place are emphasized by the fact that Tchaikovsky’s brother was married in the school’s house church. This means that Pyotr Ilyich also could not help but visit this house!
After the revolution, the building became famous more in literature and memoirs than in music. The house was transferred to School No. 19. Belinsky (now it is located in a Soviet-built building in the 3rd Kadashevsky lane), where children from the famous House on the Embankment studied. The first years of school life of Yuri Trifonov passed here, who perfectly described the school and its students in the novel “The House on the Embankment.” After the war, musician Andrei Makarevich studied at the school, who, unlike Trifonov, was lucky to graduate, and in high school also had a fight with the director over long hair and “beatnik” clothes.
In the 1970s Mosproekt-2, whose employees included famous restorers and historians E.V., moved into the building. Trubetskaya, A.A. Klimenko, who saved many buildings from demolition.
In 2008, the house of the Mariinsky School was defended: the building was sentenced to demolition. Now the territory around the house is claimed by a large hotel holding, which plans to rebuild building 8 and new construction on the site of houses 10 and 12.
Identified cultural heritage site.
Mariinsky Women's Schools
Elementary girls' schools of a special type, which arose according to the thoughts of the now Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna. The basic rules about them, developed by N. X. Wessel, were approved by the Highest on September 2. Moscow schools are intended for girls of the lower strata of the urban population who do not need a gymnasium education or who are not capable of it, and a simple literacy school is insufficient. MA schools should constitute an intermediate stage between primary lower schools and secondary educational institutions, constantly bearing in mind the working life ahead of the students and paying serious attention not only to religious and moral education and academic subjects, but also to preparation for the study of crafts (penmanship, drawing, sketching) and practical activities at home (handicrafts). At the same time, however, M. schools were given an exclusively general educational character, and not a craft one, as a result of which, for example, when teaching handicrafts, special professional goals were completely eliminated. Being part of the department of institutions of the Empress Maria, M. schools are open educational institutions aimed at providing a general but complete elementary education (without foreign languages). Girls are accepted, without distinction of class and religion, aged 9 to 11 years, for a fee of 30 rubles. in year. The course of study is four years. Taught: The Law of God for the Orthodox, Russian language, arithmetic, geography and history of Russia, natural science, calligraphy, singing and handicrafts. For the maintenance of the M. school, with a enrollment of 160 students, in addition to the tuition fee, additional fees are required: in the capitals - 4650 rubles, in other cities - 3650 rubles. The first M. school was opened in St. Petersburg in the city; next year a second similar school was opened there. In the city of M., the women's gymnasium in Vyshny-Volochok was transformed into a M. school. Along with these state-owned medical schools, the department of Empress Maria includes the same schools, which were opened in some provincial and district cities at the expense of city societies and zemstvos. Finally, the Ministry of Public Education established women's schools in the city of M. in Batum, Kars, Margellan, Samarkand and Jacobstadt. At one time, it was planned to give the most widespread distribution to gymnasium schools: the project for the reform of women's education, developed in the city by a commission chaired by the former comrade of the Minister of Public Education, Prince Volkonsky, and submitted to the State Council, but which did not receive further movement, proposed converting women's gymnasiums from all-estate to estate , intending them only for the upper classes of the population, while for girls of other classes M considered sufficient. and vocational schools. At the first St. Petersburg. The M. College has opened a vocational department, with a three-year course of study; Only girls who have completed a course in one of St. Petersburg are accepted. M. schools; tuition fee 12 rubles. in year; Those who successfully pass the final exam receive the title of apprentice. Currently, a wardrobe class (dress sewing) is open in the professional department. Before the city of M. they were called schools. M. women's gymnasiums.