A few words about possessive pronouns .
- There are two forms of possessive pronouns in Spanish: adjective pronouns and noun pronouns. Today we will talk about possessive pronouns-adjectives.
- Possessive adjective pronouns are always used with nouns. For example: Mi nombre. Tu perro.
- Possessive adjective pronouns are always used before a noun, and never after. For example: Mi amigo, and never – amigo mi.
- T ú is a pronoun. T u is a possessive pronoun-adjective.
Male and feminine. Plural and singular.
- The gender and number of a possessive pronoun will depend on the gender and number of the noun with which it is used.
- Possessive pronouns that change their form: Nuestro (nuestra) and vuestro (vuestra). All other pronouns do not change their form and can be used with masculine and feminine nouns without changes. For example: Casa, feminine. Esta es mi casa. Coche, masculine. Este es mi coche.
- To form the plural, add –s to the pronoun. For example, mi – mis. Tu - tus. Vuestra – vuestras.
Su, su and su. The pronoun su in Spanish.
As you have already noticed, at least 4 pronouns have the same form of the possessive pronoun: “Su”. Sometimes, without context, it is difficult to understand who or what a person is talking about when using the possessive pronoun “Su”.
For example: Sus amigos son muy simpáticos.
From this sentence we cannot understand whose friends this person is talking about.
Thus, when you use the possessive pronoun Su, always remember that you must provide context so as not to confuse your interlocutors. And it’s not at all difficult to do. For example:
Ricardo es mi amigo. Su hermana tiene veinticinco años.
Ustedes son estudiantes. Su escuela esmuy grande.
Ellos tienen un gato. Su gato es pequeño y negro.
A few more examples:
Mi gato es pequeño, bonito, blanco y negro.
Susana tiene un perro. Su perro es muy grande y gordo. Su perro se llama Sharik. Sharik es marron y blanco.
Nuestro coche es nuevo. Es rojo y pequeño. También es muy caro.
Ellos son nuestros vecinos. Se llaman Luis y Gloria. Son viejos. Luis tiene sesenta y cinco años y Gloria tiene sesenta y ocho. Son esposos.
Mis hijos tienen una casa muy grande. Su casa es vieja pero muy bonita.
¿José Alejandro Domínguez Velázquez? Vuestro nombre es muy grande.
La familia. Los Simpson.
Bart es hermano de Lisa.
Lisa es hermana de Bart.
Homer es el papá de Bart y de Lisa y Marge es su mamá.
Homer y Marge son esposos.
El padre de Homer es el Abuelo Abraham.
Y la esposa de Abraham se llama Mona. Mona es la mamá de Homer.
Homer tiene un hermano. Se llama Herb.
Y Marge tiene dos hermanas. Una se llama Patty y la otra se llama Selma.
Bart y Lisa tienen una hermana menor. La pequeña Maggie. Maggie es un bebe.
Selma, la hermana de Marge, también tiene un bebé. Se llama Ling.
La abuela de Ling (mamá de Marge, Selma y Patty), se llama Jackeline. El abuelo se llama Clancy.
Bart es el mayor.
Lisa es la segunda hija.
Y Maggie es la más pequeña.
Selma y Patty son las tías de Bart, Lisa y Maggie. Herb es el tío de ellos, también.
El abuelo es muy viejo.
Homer es tonto, pero divertido.
La mamá, Marge, tiene el pelo azul y rizado.
Bart tiene el pelo corto.
Lisa and Maggie también.
Homer no tiene pelo.
Todos son amarillos y tienen unos ojos muy muy grandes:)
New words:
Abuelo, abuelito: grandfather, grandfather
Abuela, abuelita: woman, grandmother
Padre, papá: father, dad
Madre, mamá: mother, mother
Esposo, sa: husband, wife
Also: Marido y mujer: husband and wife
Hijo, ja: Son, daughter
Nieto, nieta. Grandson, granddaughter
Tío, a: uncle, aunt
Bebe: child
El mayor, más grande: the oldest, even older
Segunda: second
La más pequeña: the youngest
Pronouns in Spanish are a very interesting part of speech, and also at first glance very complex. They change in form, gender, number, sometimes they are even written together with the verb, and the same pronoun can act as various parts of speech. We must not forget about some nuances that sound very strange to the Russian ear.
What is a pronoun?
First, you should understand for yourself what a pronoun is and what its features are. This is an independent part of speech (along with a verb, a noun), which replaces a noun. For example, if we say: “The boy went home,” then we can replace the first word with a personal pronoun. It will turn out: “He went home.” Or we can say, “I see a girl,” and then replace the last word with a pronoun. It will turn out: “I see her.” These parts of speech are different types, sometimes replace numerals, adjectives, or even a verb. In addition, the pronoun can indicate the number of objects and their characteristics!
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns (I, we, etc.) in Spanish vary by case and person, and sometimes by gender. So, we have the following picture:
Singular:
1. Yo = I
2. Tú = You.
3. There are three pronouns in the 3rd person::
Él = He.
Ella = She.
Ello = It.
Usted (Ustedes) = You (polite form in plural and singular).
And in the plural, Spanish pronouns also differ depending on the gender of the person being referred to:
Nosotros (in the literary form Nosotras) = we (masculine and feminine, respectively),
Vosotros (in the word Vosotras) = you;
Ellos (Ellas) = they.
If we're talking about, for example, about two persons, one of whom is male and the other female, then the masculine form is used: ellos, vosotros. Spanish is a gendered language. In it, the masculine gender always prevails.
Verbs in Spanish are inflected for number and case, so personal pronouns are often omitted in speech. So, for example, instead of “yo leo” - I read - the Spaniards will simply say “leo”. The ending of the verb indicates who the subject is, so the subject can often be omitted. In this, Cervantes' language is similar to Latin.
In the area of grammar such as personal pronouns, Spanish is quite a difficult language. First, it's worth keeping dialects and regional differences in mind. In Latin America, for example, the pronoun vosotros - you - is not used. People address everyone with the polite, formal form of "You" - Ustedes, even to friends and family. You can also abbreviate the pronoun Usted as Ud., or Vd., (plural Uds. and Vds., respectively). This abbreviation is formed by merging two words Vuestra mersed and means “Your Grace.”
Unstressed form
In indirect cases (dative and accusative), Spanish pronouns can appear in two forms. If a pronoun is used with a verb without a preposition, then in Spanish it is called unstressed, or without a preposition. In Russian, the analogue of this is the form of the dative and accusative cases.
If the verb in a sentence is presented in an indefinite form, Spanish pronouns are written together with the verb. Example: "Quieres llamarme?" - do you want to call me? Here we see that the verb “to call” - llamar - is joined by the pronoun “me”.
In the case where there are two pronouns, then the one in the dative case is written first, followed by the accusative: “Damelo” - give me this. This word consists of three: “give” + “me” + “this”. Sometimes it seems absolutely impossible to remember, but daily practice will help.
The most difficult thing is to remember these numerous Spanish pronouns. A table that you keep with you at all times will be the best way to remember.
Stressed form of the personal pronoun
Stressed (independent) forms of personal pronouns in Spanish are those used with the prepositions en, para, a, de, por, sin, con. The forms of these pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns, with the exception of the first and second person singular: they will be mí and tí, respectively. For example, the phrase “for me” would sound like “para mí”.
A special form is formed by singular pronouns with the preposition “with” - con. So, they turn into conmigo, contigo and contigo (with me, with you and with him, respectively). This rule cannot be explained logically, you just need to remember that it is correct to say it this way.
Possessive pronouns
These parts of speech can act as adjectives and nouns in speech. In the first case, they are placed before the word and declined according to numbers and sometimes according to gender: for example, my friend is mi amiga, our friends are nuestros amigos. Such Spanish pronouns act as an independent part of speech and stand before the noun. In this case, the article is not used.
There are also independent possessive pronouns that replace a noun. They also agree with number and person. So, to the question “whose house is this?” we get a clear answer: “Mía” is mine. Here the speaker means the word casa - "house".
The main and main function of these parts of speech is to highlight the object of action among several. There are three types of Spanish pronouns. These are este, ese and aquel (and their derivatives). In Russian we only have the pronouns “that” and “that”. In Spanish, “this one” is divided into “the one who is closer to the speaker” and “the one closest to the interlocutor.” By time - pronouns are divided into those that relate to today and the present moment, and those that describe events of the past. So, for example, in the sentence “this Russian newspaper” the demonstrative pronoun will be “esto” in the required form. But if we add the participial phrase “which you are reading,” then the situation will change. Compare:
Este perió dico es ruso
Ese perió dico, que estas leyendo, es ruso.
In general, the boundary between these two pronouns is extremely subjective. The speaker himself determines which word to choose. Sometimes the border is almost transparent, and both options will be correct.
As for aquel, it indicates those objects that are out of sight. The word in question is translated into Russian by the pronoun “to”.
Like possessive pronouns, demonstratives can perform the function of a noun in sentences and speech.
Possessive pronouns in the Spanish language, indicating the belonging of certain persons, phenomena or objects to other phenomena or persons, demonstrate a dual nature of use: as so-called pronouns-adjectives, as well as pronouns-nouns.
Pronouns mi, tu, su, nuestro etc. - These are possessive pronouns-adjectives. They are usually placed before the noun and always agree in number, and sometimes (some) also in gender. In these cases, the article before the noun is omitted.
Spanish possessive pronouns-adjectives are translated into Russian by the corresponding possessive pronouns. Despite this, Spanish possessive pronouns have whole line differences compared to Russian possessive pronouns.
The following should be remembered:
1. Forms of pronouns mi, tu, su are forms of both masculine and feminine pronouns, for example:
2. Forms of pronouns nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras translated into Russian using singular pronouns. number - ours, ours; in plural number - our; pronouns vuestro, vuestra yours, yours, vuestros, vuestras yours indicate the ownership of an object several persons or many, each of whom the speaker can address on a first-name basis.
3. Forms of pronouns su, sus agree in gender and number Not with the person to whom the item belongs, and with noun - subject, which belongs owner - person, For example: su lápiz translate into Russian: „ his" pencil, " her" pencil, " Your" pencil, " their" pencil .
And so, when used as adjectives, possessive pronouns in Spanish are used exclusively in conjunction with a noun, agreeing with it as an object of possession, in the form of person and number.
Su (3 sheets and units) interés es evidente. (His interest is obvious).
Sus (3 liters and plural) comentarios son muy interesantes. (Their proposals are very interesting).
At the same time, it should be noted that Spanish possessive pronouns-adjectives have two forms - full and short. Full variants are characterized mainly by postpositive use (after a noun with the use of agreement with it). -
La hermana nuestra trabaja en el hospital. - Our sister works at the hospital.
Such use of Spanish possessive pronouns, as a rule, adds an additional expressive tone to statements, making them more solemn and bookish. -
Es el amigo mío para siempre. - (This is my friend for eternity.) + excessive pomposity.
In turn, when used in their short form, possessive Spanish pronominal units are placed before the noun (prepositional use), necessarily agreeing with it in number, sometimes in gender (in the first and second person plural), and the article, in this case , goes down. - Nuestro (singular, m.r.) casa está en otra ciudad. (Our house is in another city).
Mis (plural) ingresos son pequeños. (My income is small)
A possessive pronoun such as su or sus (his, her, ours, yours, yours) characterizes very a large number of persons or objects. In this regard, if the context does not clearly indicate its owner, then the practice is to use a personal pronoun of a clarifying type together with de (preposition), which is placed after the noun. -
Es su boligrafo de Usted. (This is your ballpoint pen)
It should also be remembered that if, for example, in the Russian language there is a pronoun such as own, which can be used in the form of any person, then in Spanish each person is characterized by the presence of a separate specific pronoun. -
Hoy almuerzo con mi hermana Nina. (I'm having lunch today with my (= my) sister Nina).
Se reunieron con sus amigo. (They met their friend (= their) friend.
Often in Spanish you can encounter cases of using possessive pronouns to replace nouns with them. Such possessive-type noun pronouns are used independently without a defined noun, replacing it with themselves in speech in order to avoid unnecessary unnecessary repetitions. In this case, only the full form of pronouns is used. -
la esposa de Pedro funciona como un barbero, y la mía funciona como un contador. (Pedro's wife works as a hairdresser, and mine is an accountant).
As can be seen from the above example, usually noun pronouns are preceded by an article of a certain type. However, if the verb ser is present in the phrase, it is omitted. -
De quién es la idea? Es nuestra. - Whose idea is this? Our.
De quién es el coche? Es mío. - Whose car is this? My.
Pronouns are divided into several groups: personal (indicate the speaker or person to whom speech is addressed), demonstrative (indicate an object or quality), possessive (indicate the affiliation of an object or person).
Possessive pronouns have another form, stressed (here all forms change according to gender and number):
The stressed form is used instead of a noun (so as not to repeat itself), when addressing, or when there is already a demonstrative pronoun (that, that..) or a numeral before the defined noun. They are translated in the same way as unstressed ones. Always used instead of a noun, i.e. without him.
Possessive pronouns in Spanish indicate that one object, person or phenomenon belongs to another. In Spanish, possessive pronouns are divided into two groups: possessive adjective pronouns and possessive noun pronouns.
1. Possessive pronouns-adjectives in Spanish are always used with a noun and agree with it in gender (not in all persons) and number. The presence of a possessive pronoun before a noun in Spanish allows you to omit the article. The position of the adjective pronoun is always before the noun:
Tengo una hora para mi vuelo desde Kiev – I have an hour (of time) before my flight from Kyiv
The table shows full list Possessive pronouns-adjectives in Spanish:
When translating into Spanish, special attention should be paid to the Russian possessive pronoun yours - yours.
| in Spanish | in Russian |
| Esto es mi lápiz. Tengo mi lápiz. Leo mi libro. | This is my pencil. I have my own pencil. I'm reading my book. |
In Russian the reflexive possessive pronoun mine may refer to to all persons both numbers. In Spanish, it corresponds, depending on the subject, to various possessive pronouns (see above), but only the pronoun su, sus in the 3rd person corresponds to Russian yours, - yours, and here you should be very careful. It must be remembered that Spanish possessive pronouns agree with noun-subject, A Not with the person in possession of the item.
There is no complete correspondence between Russian and Spanish possessive pronouns, so you should pay attention to this:
1) The possessive pronoun vuestro and its derivatives indicate belonging to several persons, each of whom individually can be called “you”;
2) The pronoun su in Spanish does not refer to the noun to which something belongs, but to the object of belonging itself. In addition, the pronoun su in Spanish always correlates with the third person; in Russian this relationship can vary.
3) Since the form of the Spanish pronoun su is the same for singular and plural, the preposition de is used to clarify ownership.
In addition, the personal pronoun in Spanish tú (you) is emphasized in writing so as not to confuse it with the possessive adjective pronoun tu (your)
2. Possessive pronouns-nouns in Spanish are used independently, replacing the actual nouns. Such possessive pronouns are usually preceded by a definite article in Spanish:
este es tu libro y aquél - el mío – this is your book, and that one is mine
The definite article in Spanish is omitted before a possessive pronoun-noun if it comes after the verb ser este lápiz es mío - this pencil is mine
The table shows a list of possessive pronouns-nouns:
| singular | plural | ||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine |
| mío - mine | mía - mine | míos - mine | mías – mine |
| tuyo - yours | tuya - yours | tuyos - yours | tuyas – yours |
| suyo – his, yours | suya – hers, yours | suyos – his, yours | suyas – hers, yours |
| nuestro - ours | nuestra - ours | nuestros - ours | nuestras - ours |
| vuestro - yours | vuestra - yours | vuestros - yours | vuestras - yours |
| suyo – theirs, yours | suya – theirs, yours | suyos – theirs, yours | suyas – theirs, yours |
Sometimes possessive pronouns in Spanish can be used with the neuter definite article lo: lo mío – mine. In this case, they replace a noun that has a general meaning
In literary speech and stable expressions Possessive pronouns-nouns can take position after the noun.
Non-independent form with a noun - this form of the pronoun is used only together with a noun in the meaning of an adjective.
Possessive pronouns agree with nouns that determine number, and pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person plural agree with gender:
Mi (tu, su) libro - mis (tus, sus) libros
Mi (tu, su) novela - mis (tus, sus) novelas
Nuestro (vuestro) amigo- nuestros (vuestros) amigos
Nuestra (vuestra) hermana- nuestras (vuestras) hermanas
The possessive pronoun su-sus suits many people. If it is not clear from the context to whom it refers, then after the noun a clarifying personal pronoun with the preposition de is placed.
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A pronoun is an independent part of speech that indicates objects, signs, quantity, but does not name them
Pronouns are divided into several groups: personal (indicate the speaker or person to whom speech is addressed), demonstrative (indicate an object or quality), possessive (indicate the affiliation of an object or person).
Personal pronouns
The personal pronoun is almost always not indicated, since at the end of the verb it is already clear which person we are talking about. If a sentence has two actors and two predicates, then personal pronouns are not omitted never:
Yo soy feliz, y él no lo es.
Respectful treatment Usted It doesn’t change by gender, but it changes by numbers.
Plural pronouns have gender: at the end there is a vowel o for m.r. and a – for w.r.
Stressed forms are used in combination with prepositions (see below), for example:
para ti, con ella, de nosotros, a vosotros.
The following constructions use personal pronouns rather than accents:
- Como ella, el, yo, etc.
- Entre tú y yo
- Excepto ella, yo, nosotros, etc.
- Incluso/incluyendoél, tú, ellos, etc.
- Según ella, yo, vosotros, etc.
Demonstrative pronouns
| Pronoun | Examples |
| Este - this one Esta - this Esto is Estas - these Estos - these |
Esta casa es la más bonita. This house is the most beautiful. Esto es todo lo que sé. That's all what I know. Estos hombres llevan aquí todo el día. These guys spend all day here. Estas chicas son muy atractivas. These girls are very attractive. |
| Ese - that one Esa - that one Eso - that Esos - those Esas - those |
Ese perro está loco; ladra día y noche. |
|
This pronoun indicates an object that is not even more distant. |
Pronoun este replaces the last mentioned noun, aquel- to the penultimate one:
Manuel es mayor que Juán. Este tiene 4 años y aquel es de 7 años. (este se refière a Juán, aquel se refière a Manuel)
Possessive pronouns
| Singular | Plural | Translation |
| mi tu su |
Mis tus sus |
My my Yours - yours |
| Nuestro (nuestra) Vuestro (vuestra) Su |
Nuestros (nuestras) Vuestro (vuestras) sus |
Our – ours Yours - yours Theirs, yours – theirs, yours |
Possessive pronouns have another form, stressed (here all forms change according to gender and number):
| Singular | Plural | Translation |
| Mio, mia Tuyo, tuya Suyo, suya |
Míos, mías Tuyos, tuyas Suyos, suyas |
My my Yours - yours His, her, yours, yours – theirs, yours |
| Nuestro, nuestra Vuestro, vuestra Suyo, suya |
Nuestros, nuestras Vuestros, vuestras Suyos, suyas |
Our – ours Yours - yours Theirs, yours – theirs, yours |
The stressed form is used instead of a noun (so as not to repeat itself), when addressing, or when there is already a demonstrative pronoun (that, that..) or a numeral before the defined noun. They are translated in the same way as unstressed ones. Always used INSTEAD of a noun, i.e. Without him.
Example: No son mis libros, son tuyos. These are not my books, these are yours.
Stressed and unstressed forms. Case pronouns
| Impact form | Dative (to whom) | Accusative (who? what? ) |
| mi | me | me |
| ti | te | te |
| el, ella; usted | le | lo, la; le, lo, la |
| nosotros | nos | nos |
| vosotros | os | os |
| ellos, ellas; ustedes | les | los, las; les, los, las |
In all cases, except for the dative and accusative, stressed forms of the pronouns and are used. One exception should be remembered: with the preposition con in the forms of the 1st and 2nd singular units (I and you), the pronouns merge: conmigo, contigo.
Voy contigo. I will go with you.
Coma sin nosotros. Eat without us.
¿Has oído esta historia de nosotros? Have you heard this story about us? or Did you hear this story from us?
Mi hermano siempre se me ríe. My brother always laughs at me.
Cree que todo el mundo está conrta el. I think everyone is against him.
Me gusta mi casa. Estoy muy cómodo en él. I like my house. I feel very comfortable in it.
No quiero hablar acerca ella. I don't want to talk about her.
Complements in the dative and accusative case can not express only shock form pronouns: unstressed forms are used, or unstressed forms in combination with stress.
When using multiple pronouns, the dative case comes first, then the accusative. If two 3rd person pronouns come in a row, then the first one changes to se, for example: Se lo digo (wrong: le lo digo) - I tell him this.
Pregúnta me. Ask me.
Telo digo. I'm telling you this.
Case pronouns are used after infinitive, participle or imperative form of the verb and are written together (“dí melo" -"tell me this"). If the verb is in any other form, then the pronouns are placed before him: Nos lo pide. He asks us to do this.
In verb constructions there are two options: Lo Estoy estudiando = Estoy estudiándo lo.
Other pronouns
|
Todo - everything, everything, everything; cada - everyone, every todo el día - all day todo el libro - the whole book todo lo que necesito - everything I need Dame algún ejemplo. Give me some example. Soy de la misma opinion. I'm of the same opinion. |
If we want to say who owns what thing or say who is whose relative, then possessive pronouns will help us. Such pronouns answer the question “Whose?” (¿De quien? [de kien]). Possessive pronouns in Spanish vary by person and number, and first and second person plural pronouns also change by gender.
In Spanish there is a division into possessive pronouns - adjectives, which are used only before nouns and possessive pronouns - nouns, which can be used on their own.
Let's look at the table and immediately learn the names of some of our relatives in Spanish:
| Personal pronoun | Possessive pronoun | Example |
|---|---|---|
| yo (I) | mi [mi] (my, mine, mine) | mi madre [mi madre] (my mother) |
| tú (you) | tu [tu] (yours, yours, yours) | tu padre [tu padre] (your dad) |
| el (he) | su [su] (his, her, yours, yours) | su marido [su marido] (her (your) husband) |
| ella (she) | su mujer [su muher] (his (your) wife) | |
| usted (you) | su tío [su tio] (his (her, your) uncle) | |
| nosotros(as) (we) | nuestro [nuestro] (our) | nuestro hijo [nuestro iho] (our son) |
| nuestra [nuestra] (our) | nuestra hija [nuestra iha] (our daughter) | |
| vosotros(as)(You) | vuestro [buestro] (your) | vuestro abuelo [buestro avuelo] (your grandfather) |
| vuestra [buestra] (yours) | vuestra abuela [buestra avuela] (your grandmother) | |
| ellos (they) - m.r. | su [su] (theirs, yours) | su hermano [su hermano] (their brother) |
| ellas (they) - female | su hermana [su hermana] (their sister) | |
| ustedes (you) | su tía [su tia] (their, (your) aunt) |
As you can see, in the third person there is su everywhere (his, her, yours - the polite form, theirs), which is not so difficult to remember. If we say su madre, then sometimes it is not clear whose mother (his, hers or theirs). Context serves for understanding; you can also use a preposition de, who also often talks about belonging:
su madre de ella [su madre de eya] - her mother
su madre de usted [su madre de usted]- Your mother
su madre deél [su madre de el] - His mother
The gender needs to be remembered only for nuestro(a) and vuestro(a) . If male, then ending -o, if female, then -a, in principle, this is not surprising for the Spanish language.
There is nothing new for the plural either, we just add the ending -s:
| singular | plural | example |
|---|---|---|
| mi | mis | mis amigos [mis amigos] (my friends) |
| tu | tus | tus padres [tus padres] (your parents) |
| su | sus | sus hijos [sus ihos] (his (her, their) children) |
| nuestro | nuestros | nuestros coches [nuestros coches] (our cars) |
| nuestra | nuestras | nuestras casas [nuestras casas] (our houses) |
| vuestro | vuestros | vuestros pensamientos [buestros pensamientos](your thoughts) |
| vuestra | vuestras | vuestras sobrinas [buestras sobrinas](your nieces) |
Of course, possessive pronouns in Spanish are used not only when it comes to family ties, but also when something belongs to someone, for example, about things, about pets, and also about external characteristics:
Mi casa es muy bonita - My house is very beautiful
Tu gata es intelligenta - Your cat is smart
Sus ojos son azules - His (her) eyes are blue
An article is never placed before a possessive pronoun - an adjective, just like in English or German. Without an article, we understand that we are talking about someone’s specific thing.
Let's look at adjectives and nouns.
| Possessive pronoun - adjective | Possessive pronoun - noun | Example |
|---|---|---|
| mi (my) | mío [mio] | Este perro es mío [este parro es mio](This dog is mine) |
| mía [mia] | Esa casa es mía [Esa casa es mia] (That house is mine) | |
| tu (yours) | tuyo [tuyo] | Este dinero es tuyo [este dinero es tuyo](This money is yours) |
| tuya | Esta hermana tuya es nerviosa [esta ermana tuia es nerviosa](That sister of yours is nervous) | |
| su | suyo [suyo] | Este ordenador es suyo [este ordernador es suyo](This computer is hers (his, theirs)) |
| suya [suya] | Esta gata suya es locala [esta gata suya es loca](This their (his, her) cat is crazy) | |
| nuestro | nuestro | Estes libros nuestros son muy interesantes [estes livros nuestros son muy interesantes](These books of ours are very interesting) |
| nuestra | nuestra | La vida es nuestra [la bida es nuestra](life is ours) |
| vuestro | vuestro | Este coche es vuestro [este coche es buestro](This car is yours) |
| vuestra | vuestra | Esta casa vuestra es muy bonita [esta casa buestra es muy bonita] This house of yours is very beautiful |
All possessive pronouns - nouns change according to gender and number. Often used with the verb ser (to be) and with demonstrative pronouns. For the plural, as always, add the ending -s at the end. Let's look at a few more examples:
Sus hijos son pequeños. Los tuyos son grandes. (His children are small. Yours are big)
Mi madre es profesora. ¿Y la tuya? (My mother is a teacher. What about yours?)
La tuya no trabaja. (Yours doesn't work)
Mi novia tiene veinte años y la suya tiene treinta años. (My friend is 20 years old and his is 30)
Possessive pronouns in Spanish always agree with the object to which they refer, and not with the owner of this object. For example:
Este coche es suyo.
(This car is his (her, theirs)) - masculine (el coche)
Esta gata es suya (This cat is his (her, theirs)) - feminine (la gata) As you can see, possessive pronouns - nouns have a definite article in front of them when they completely replace the noun. However, they can also be used with nouns if they have demonstrative pronouns
or numerals in front of themselves, then the article is not needed:
Esta amiga suya es hermosa. - This friend of theirs is beautiful
Dos hermanas tuyos son modestas. - Your two sisters are modest
You can also find the use of such pronouns in exclamations:
¡Madre mía! - My mother!