The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was created in the mid-70s, during the period of a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of revolution. The populists, who preached revolutionary ideas, placed all their hopes on the peasantry. For the purpose of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of intelligentsia among the people began. However, “going to the people” was not crowned with success. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the populists. The question of how to introduce revolutionary consciousness into the masses and direct them to the path of active struggle is especially acute in the current situation. In the populist community at that time, there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author also joins this debate. Nekrasov did not doubt the need for a living connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when “going to the people” failed. Such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry, is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He is the son of a sexton who lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant” and an “unrequited farmhand” who salted her bread with tears. Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined life path Gregory.
... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobroklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the “offended” and “humiliated”. He wants to be the first there, “...where it’s hard to breathe, where grief is heard.” He does not need wealth and is alien to concerns about personal well-being. The Nekrasovsky revolutionary is preparing to give his life for “so that... every peasant can live freely and cheerfully throughout all holy Rus'!”
Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already taken the “honest” path. Like all revolutionaries,
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the people of many millions themselves are awakening to fight.
The army is rising
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a strong effect Gregory’s words have on the Vakhlak peasants and the seven wanderers, how they infect them with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Rus'.
Grigory Dobrosklonov is the future leader of the peasantry, an exponent of their anger and reason. His path is difficult, but also glorious, “only strong, loving souls” embark on it; true happiness awaits a person on it, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, lies in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: “Who can live well in Rus'?” - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.
If only our wanderers could be under their own roof,
If only they could know what was happening to Grisha.
He heard the immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness.
The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful union of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to bridge the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are still only on the way to a “feast for the whole world.”
“People's Intercessors”: Yakim Nagoy and Ermil Girin. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov entered Russian poetry as the “people's sad man.” Folk poem became one of the central ones in his work. But the poet was never a simple writer of everyday life; as an artist, he was primarily concerned with the drama of the people.
In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the author himself appeared as the people’s “intercessor,” who not only expressed his attitude towards the people by the very fact of creating this work, but was able to understand their soul and truly reveal their character.
The theme of popular intercession is widely represented in the poem. Intercessor is one of her keywords. A people's defender is one who not only pities and sympathizes with the peasants, but serves the people, expresses their interests, confirming this with actions and deeds. The image of such a person is not the only one in the poem. His features were refracted in Ermil Girin, Savely, Grisha Dobrosklonov, and partly in Yakima Nagy.
Thus, Girin acted as a real defender of worldly interests: he defended the mill, which was needed by everyone. He sincerely, with pure thoughts, turned to the people for help, and people raised money for him, completely trusting him and not sparing their last penny. Then Yermil settled accounts with everyone. His honesty and selflessness are evidenced by the fact that he did not appropriate the “extra ruble” that he had left, but, not finding the owner, gave the money to the blind.
How did Girin win the honor and respect of almost the entire district? The answer is short: only “the truth.” People were drawn to him even when Yermil held the positions of clerk and mayor. He was “loved by all the people” because one could always turn to him for help and advice. And Yermil never demanded a reward:
Where there is enough strength, it will help out,
Doesn't ask for gratitude
And he won’t take it like that!
Only once did a case occur when the hero, as they say, “became his soul”: he “excluded” his brother from recruiting, instead of whom another person had to become a soldier. The realization that he acted dishonestly, unfairly, leads Girin almost to suicide. And only repentance in front of all the people frees him from the pangs of conscience. The story about Ermil Girin suddenly ends, and we learn that he nevertheless suffered for the people's cause, he was sent to prison.
One more thing should be noted folk hero- Yakima Nagogo. It would seem that there is nothing unusual in his fate: he once lived in St. Petersburg, and because of a lawsuit with a merchant he went to prison.
Then he returned to his homeland and became a plowman. It is better than Nekrasov himself to imagine this image, which has become a generalized image of the Russian peasant:
The chest is sunken, as if depressed
Stomach; at the eyes, at the mouth
Bends like cracks
On dry ground...
But in the eyes of people, Yakim was a special person: during the fire, he rushed to save not money, but pictures that he lovingly collected for his son and looked at them in fascination. Talking about this unique folk “collector,” Nekrasov also opens a page in the life of a peasant, in which not only work and “drinking” could be the main ones.
Image people's defender brightly embodied in Savely, the Holy Russian hero. Already in this very definition there is a meaning: heroes in epics have always been intercessors of the Russian land. Savely has a powerful physical strength. But Nekrasov shows that the heroism of the Korezh peasant is not only based on this - Savely is characterized by will, patience, perseverance, and self-esteem. This hero is a rebel, he is capable of protest. However, his “intercession” was expressed not only in the fact that he saved Korezhina from the German, who had tortured the peasants with extortions. Savely is also a kind of folk philosopher and ascetic. His religiosity and ability to repent are symbols of high folk morality. Saveliy’s main prayer is for the people:
For all the suffering, Russian
Peasantry I pray!
Grisha Dobrosklonov in the poem is also a people's intercessor. Even as a child, he was imbued with acute pity and love for all the “Vakhlachina”. Although Nekrasov does not say directly, it seems that “intercession” will be effective, it will really be able to change the lives of the people. The road is open before Grisha, along which only strong souls walk,
Loving,
To fight, to work
For the bypassed
For the oppressed.
This hero is marked with the “seal of God’s gift.” According to Nekrasov, he is capable of suffering and sacrificing his life for the people.
Thus, the people's intercessor in the poem is presented as a person of exceptional destiny. This is an ascetic, that is, in my opinion, a bringer of effective good, and a righteous man. He necessarily comes from the people, he is familiar to the smallest detail with the life of peasants. The person who was chosen as an “intercessor” is smart, conscientious, and spiritual inner work is constantly happening in him. And most importantly, he is able to understand all the complexity and inconsistency of the peasant’s soul and live a pure, simple life together with his people.
In his poem N.A. Nekrasov creates images of “new people” who emerged from the people’s environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. This is Ermil Girin. Whatever position he is in, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. He gained honor and love “through strict truth, intelligence and kindness.”
The poet suddenly breaks off the story about Ermil, who was imprisoned at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanev district was rebelling. The pacifiers of the riot, knowing that the people would listen to Yermil, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people’s intercessor did not speak to the peasants about humility.
The type of democratic intellectual, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a farm laborer and a semi-impoverished sexton. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have died of hunger. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love with early years filled Grisha's heart and determined his path:
... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of God's gift,
On honest paths
I mourned a lot of them...
If in the era of the Decembrists they stood up to defend the people the best people from the nobles, now the people themselves send their best sons from among themselves to battle, and this is especially important because it testifies to the awakening of national self-awareness:
No matter how dark the vahlachina is,
No matter how crammed with corvée
And slavery - and she,
Having been blessed, I placed
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha’s path is a typical path of a commoner democrat: a hungry childhood, a seminary, “where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry,” but where he read a lot and thought a lot...
So what is next? Further known:
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet paints the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha has found true happiness, and the country whose people bless “such a messenger” for battle should become happy.
The image of Grisha contains not only the features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also the features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov movement, a poet-citizen.
The chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism sounds in the song “Rus”:
The army rises - innumerable,
The strength in her will be indestructible!
The poem contains the image of another people's defender - the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the author directly addresses readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language acquires a special coloring: along with folk vocabulary, there are many words that are bookish, solemn, romantically upbeat (“radiant”, “pompous”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the people’s happiness”, “grievous slavery”, “Rus' reviving ").
The author's direct statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author’s thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people’s happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in “the power of the people - a mighty force,” in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:
Limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: There is a wide path before them!
The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:
Such soil is good - . The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!
Essay on literature on the topic: Images of people’s intercessors in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
Other writings:
- For this war, the peasants needed leaders. The poem shows Ermil Girin and Grigory Dobrosklonov as people capable of becoming peasant leaders. Yermil Girin is described in the first chapter of the poem. He won honor “neither with money, nor with fear: with strict truth, with intelligence and kindness!” Being Read More......
- 1. Seven wanderers looking for a happy man. 2. Ermil Girin. 3. “Serf Woman” Matryona Timofeevna. 4. Grigory Dobrosklonov. The theme of searching for a happy lot and “mother truth” occupies a significant place in the folklore tradition, on which N. A. Nekrasov relied when creating the poem “To whom in Rus' Read More ......
- I. Images of peasants and peasant women in poetry. 2. Heroes of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” 3. Collective image of the Russian people. Peasant Rus', the bitter lot of the people, as well as the strength and nobility of the Russian people, their age-old habit of work is one of the main Read More ......
- It’s not a matter for women to look for something happy. N. Nekrasov. Who lives well in Rus'? A significant part of N. A. Nekrasov’s work is devoted to the theme of the Russian people. The poet considered it his civic and human duty to raise the problem of the oppressed position of the peasantry, to highlight the difficult, sad aspects of life Read More ......
- The plot of the poem is the search for the happy in Rus'. N.A. Nekrasov aims to cover as widely as possible all aspects of the life of the Russian village in the period immediately after the abolition of serfdom. And therefore a poet cannot do without a description of life Read More......
- In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Nekra-sov, as if on behalf of millions of peasants, acted as an angry denouncer of the socio-political system of Russia and pronounced a severe sentence on it. The poet painfully experienced the submissiveness of the people, their downtroddenness, darkness. On the landowners Nekrasov Read More ......
- In all his works, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov addresses the people. And the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is no exception. Nekrasov brought poetry closer to the people, he wrote about the people and for the people. The only judge for the poet is the people. He glorifies, Read More......
- The theme of “people's suffering” was developed by the author throughout his work; it is characteristic of works of different years. Just remember such classic poems as “Troika”, “Forgotten Village”, “Reflections at the Main Entrance”, “ Railway" And the culmination of the development of this theme is as in the work of Read More......
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was created in the mid-70s, during the period of a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of revolution. The populists, who preached revolutionary ideas, placed all their hopes on the peasantry. For the purpose of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of intelligentsia among the people began. However, “going to the people” was not crowned with success. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the populists. The question of how to introduce revolutionary consciousness into the masses and direct them to the path of active struggle is especially acute in the current situation. In the populist community at that time, there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author also joins this debate. Nekrasov did not doubt the need for a living connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when “going to the people” failed. Such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry, is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He is the son of a sexton who lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant” and an “unrequited farmhand” who salted her bread with tears. Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people and determined Gregory’s life path.
... about fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobroklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the “offended” and “humiliated”. He wants to be the first there, “...where it’s hard to breathe, where grief is heard.” He does not need wealth and is alien to concerns about personal well-being. The Nekrasovsky revolutionary is preparing to give his life for “so that... every peasant can live freely and cheerfully throughout all holy Rus'!”
Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already taken the “honest” path. Like all revolutionaries,
Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the people of many millions themselves are awakening to fight.
The army is rising
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a strong effect Gregory’s words have on the Vakhlak peasants and the seven wanderers, how they infect them with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Rus'.
Grigory Dobrosklonov is the future leader of the peasantry, an exponent of their anger and reason. His path is difficult, but also glorious, “only strong, loving souls” embark on it; true happiness awaits a person on it, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, lies in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: “Who can live well in Rus'?” - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.
If only our wanderers could be under their own roof,
If only they could know what was happening to Grisha.
He heard the immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness.
The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful union of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to bridge the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are still only on the way to a “feast for the whole world.”
In the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, wanderers are looking for the happy. Hidden behind the search for them complex topic people's happiness.
The images of people's intercessors in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” are represented by several characters. The author presents each of them in his own way, but they are all close and understandable to the poet. He relies on them, he trusts the Russian land to them.
Yakim Nagoy
The worker, the peasant Yakim is one of those on whom the author hopes. Yakim can become an intercessor of the common people, leading Rus' to happiness and prosperity. The man has become one with the earth with all his soul. Outwardly, he became similar to her: wrinkles like cracks in dried soil, his neck like a layer cut off by a plow, his hair like sand, the skin of his hands like tree bark. The tiller himself is a lump of earth on a plow. The author's comparison is significant. The man is not just black and hard, like the work of a plowman. The earth gives bread and feeds people. Yakim is the one with whose hands the earth does this, in other words, Yakim is the soul of the earth. When creating the character, the author turned to folk art. It makes the hero similar to epic heroes, defenders of Rus'. They all work on the earth until their strength is needed. Yakima has its own fate, but it is typical for the time described. The peasant went to work in St. Petersburg. He is smart, observant and attentive. Yakim gains his experience by trying to compete with the merchant. There is courage and obstinacy in the man’s character; not everyone could dare to do this. The result is prison. Many brave men find themselves there. The author emphasizes the character's individuality. The man loves beautiful things, he saves pictures from fire. The hero's spirituality is also emphasized by the choice of his companion. She also protects not money, but icons from fire. Purity of thoughts and hope for justice are the basis of the Yakima Nagogo family.
Nekrasov is amazingly talented: he ends the story about Yakima with a song about freedom. The great Volga River is a symbol of the breadth and power of the people, the power of men is inexhaustible, it cannot be hidden or stopped. It will burst out like a river flow.
Ermil Girin
Nekrasov shows that among the people there appear leaders, leaders who are trusted. If they raise the people, they will follow them. Yermil is young, but the men trust him. They prove their boundless devotion when they give him their last penny. The poet reveals in one episode the whole essence of the Russian person. He has no desire for wealth by any means; he strives to get everything honestly and deservedly. The man is open to communication, he shares his troubles, and is not afraid to be ridiculed. The strength of the Russian people is in unity. How did a young guy become smart? The author suggests: he served as a clerk. I delved into every story and valued every penny. Yermil helped free of charge, realizing that the poor and disadvantaged peasants had no extra money. Fate gives the man power. He does not pass the test, commits a sin and repents. Then he cannot use the gifts of fate. Girin rents a mill. But even here his character does not change. For the miller, everyone is equal: the poor and the rich. Life at that time does not give Yermil the opportunity to become happy alone when everyone around him is in poverty. He does not go against the rebels and ends up in hard labor. This is how the fate of many people's intercessors ends.
Old Man Savely
The Russian land endowed the men with strength. They live long, but not easily. The earth is stingy for happy moments. Serfdom hard and cruel. Savely came from places where there was less serfdom, in the very depths of the Russian land. He lives among nature, which raises him to be free and strong. Savely is as strong as a bear or elk. He takes knowledge and health from nature. The forest gives him spirit and special qualities, for this the man truly loves the forest, in a way that not many people can. The man could not see through the German manager’s cunning, but did not tolerate his bullying. Savely's rebellion is sharp, like the swing of a hero's sword. With his shoulder he pushes the German into the well, and the peasants bury him alive. The result of the rebellion was hard labor and settlements. Savely gains wisdom and becomes a person who can explain complex concepts. His speech is an example of the Russian word. “Branded, but not a slave!” - the basis of the character of the people's intercessor. Savely was not broken, he returned home, but his relatives only valued money in life. The fate of the peasant is an example of how difficult it is for intercessors among people who have given up and lost (or have not found) real goals in life. Savely - symbolizes the hitherto hidden power of the people, their intelligence and wisdom.
Grigory Dobrosklonov
In Nekrasov's poem, the image of Grisha is special. The author trusts him with the future of the country. He must become a real protector of the people. The hero grew up in the family of a clerk. In this you can see the strong Orthodoxy of the country. The mother plays a big role in character development. In that - feminine Russian soul, kindness and responsiveness. Grisha understood what he needed to strive for already in his youth. Then he just moves towards his goal. The young defender is ready to give his life for the people's happiness. The poet shows him in such a way that it becomes clear that Gregory will achieve his goal. It is interesting that the young man conveys thoughts about patriotism and struggle through songs. He lifts the spirit of the people, explains problems and leads to their solution. Someone doesn't hear Gregory's singing. Others don't think about the words. The poet hopes that there are those who will support Gregory and go with him.