Composers through their musical works They try to contribute to the development of a person as a highly spiritual personality. Particular attention is paid to raising children.
The composer's tasks when raising children
- Educational: through the rituals and customs of Russian folklore, to acquaint children who love music with the history of the emergence of customs and traditions in Rus'.
- Educational. Development of interest in folklore and music of Russian composers
- Developmental. Education and development of music listening skills, musical ear, ability to analyze musical works.
New lesson - new knowledge
At the initial lesson, organizational activities take place. Then the topic of the lesson is announced, for example, “Rituals and customs in the works of composers.” In subsequent classes, the theme of folklore runs through the classroom. Listeners are explained that folklore is a form of oral folk art. Musical folklore is vocal, instrumental and dance creativity.
Advice
To understand the culture of your people, you need to get acquainted with ancient folk songs, stories, tales and legends. The theme of all folk art is lighting major events in a person’s life: baptism, wedding, funeral.
Creativity F.S. Dargomyzhsky
Opera "Rusalka"
A striking example of a wedding ceremony is the opera “Rusalka” by composer A. Dragomyzhsky, who was fond of studying Russian musical folklore. He invited peasants and peasant women to his estate and listened to folk songs performed by them.
While working on the opera “Rusalka”, the composer studied the literature of that time about customs and rituals that reflected folk life and especially the song traditions of the Russian people. The opera used scenes with folk songs. Some songs were composed by A. S. Dragomyzhsky himself, and some were ancient ritual wedding songs arranged by the composer. Throughout the entire action of the opera, Dragomyzhsky used choral singing. The famous aria from the opera “As in the upper room, the bright room” is an excellent example of a Russian ritual song performed by a female trio. In the opera, the composer also used comic and everyday Russian song traditions. The song “Svatushka”, performed by female voices, is an example of a humorous everyday Russian song. Musical accompaniment only emphasizes the beauty of choral or solo performances of opera songs.
Opera "Rusalka" - a work by Dargomyzhsky
Wedding choirs from the opera “Rusalka” are an excellent example of how folk customs and rituals of Russian folklore were restored. The opera developed scenes of a princely wedding, where all the customs and rituals of a Russian wedding were shown. Shown against the backdrop of the princely wedding everyday life villagers who also took part in the princely wedding.
What did the musician want to show with his opera?
The composer in his opera “Rusalka” wanted to show that all significant events in a person’s life take place according to the traditional canons of customs and rituals. Therefore, the wedding ritual songs reflected the bright sadness of the bride, who said goodbye to her home, mother and father.
The works of Rimsky-Korsakov
Excerpt from the opera "The Golden Cockerel"
Another striking example of the use of folklore in his work was the opera by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Golden Cockerel", the libretto of which was written based on the fairy tale of the same name by A.S. Pushkin
Modern collectors of folklore
Modern folklore
A new wave of folklore, which manifested itself in the works of Russian writers V. Rasputin and V. Belov, also appeared in music. Famous composers G. Sviridov R. Shchedrin widely used forms of folk music in their works. Creative personalities of writers, composers and filmmakers learned to look into the depths of centuries, discovering new sources of creativity of the Russian people, and with their works they raised the strength of spirit of the Russian people.
Advice
In order to feel all the charm of ritual songs, you need to go to the performance of folk music ensembles.
Conclusion:
Ensembles such as the M. Pyatnitsky choir, the Pokrovsky ensemble, and Cossack choral ensembles are excellent representatives of Russian folklore. But there are also pioneers. With his work, A. Dragomyzhsky showed that Russian composers directed their creativity towards revealing the creative potential of the Russian people, studying the origins of folk songs, which composers musically processed and gave to songs new life. The folklore movement began in the 60s of the last century and does not fade away today.
Folk art in the modern world
Target: through the creative union of teacher and student in musical and aesthetic education, contribute to the formation of a highly spiritual personality.
Tasks:
educational: acquaintance with folklore through the works of composers whose work is focused on folk music, acquaintance with the history of wedding ceremonies in Rus';
developing: development of listening, vocal and choral skills, ear for music, memory, thinking, ability to listen and analyze musical works;
educational: instilling in schoolchildren respect and interest in their native folklore and the music of Russian composers.
Equipment: presentation for the lesson, multimedia projector, screen, laptop, button accordion, lyrics of the song “Mother, Mother, it’s dusty in the field...”.
During the classes
I. Organizing time
(Appendix 1.slide1)
Hello guys. The topic of today's lesson is “Rituals and customs in folklore and in the works of composers,” write down.
(Appendix 1.slide 2)
And the epigraph to the lesson will be the words of our great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin:
Things of days gone by
Legends of deep antiquity...
II. Repetition of covered material.
(Appendix 1.slide 3)
So, let's get back to the topic of today's lesson. Let's remember what folklore means?
-Folklore is folk art, most often oral.
(Appendix 1.slide 4)
Musical folklore?
- Folk music – vocal, instrumental, vocal-instrumental and dance creativity of the people.
(Appendix 1.slide 5)
So what helps us penetrate the culture of the past, understand the soul of the people?
-Acquaintance with folk songs, epics, ancient legends.
-What are they telling us about?
- ABOUT important points human life, oh folk traditions, captured in various rituals.
Yes, all significant events human life- be it the birth of a child, the change of season, the beginning and end of agricultural work, or marriage, they were accompanied by rituals.
III. Learning new material
(Appendix 1.slide 6)
Today we will talk about one of the most beautiful rituals - an ancient Russian wedding (including one included in the opera genre).
A little from the history of wedding ceremonies in Rus'.
In Russian villages, a wedding was the main solemn ceremony. The decision to get married was made not by the young people themselves, but by their parents. Children's opinions were almost never taken into account. Hence the saying “If you endure it, you fall in love.”
(Appendix 1.slide 7)
So, an ancient Russian wedding was a complex chain of solemn ceremonies.
The “Wedding Game” took place as a theatrical performance that lasted several days, and sometimes several weeks. The characters in the wedding game were the matchmaker, the matchmaker, the groom's friend, and the bride's girlfriends. The central character was the bride. The wedding game was divided into two parts.
The first part was dedicated to the girl’s farewell to her family and was played in the bride’s house. In the old days, marriage meant the end of a girl’s free life and her transfer to someone else’s family. The bride's songs were therefore dramatic and were called lamentations, lamentations, and lamentations. From the moment of betrothal until departure for the wedding, the bride had to cry and lament. And the bride cried and wailed in order to show love and respect for her parents, gratitude for the fact that they “gave them water and fed them.” Otherwise, they could have complained about the ingratitude of their daughter, who left her father’s house without regret. So she said goodbye to her will, family of origin.
(Appendix 1.slide 8)
Guys, you watched and listened to the song-lamentation from the “peasant” melodrama - “Tula Wedding”, performed by our Tula folk ensemble “Uslada” - a unique ensemble whose members not only sing and dance, but also act like dramatic artists, such there are no more groups.
(Appendix 1.slide 9)
The repertoire of "Delight" is based on the musical folklore of the Tula region. The ensemble studies the secrets of Russian song on trips to villages, collects peasant antiquities, and historically accurately approaches the musical structure of the song. As the members of the team themselves say: “putting on bast shoes, we feel a cut above, because being modern young people, we do not forget about the traditions of our native culture.”
(Appendix 1.slide 10)
Comparisons addressed to nature give special beauty to folk wedding songs: a girl is compared to a river, a swan, a duck, a berry; guy, good fellow - with a clear falcon. Listening to the Russian folk song “A duck was swimming at sea.”
Just as a river flows and does not sway, so a girl-bride sits and does not smile; like a duck grieves, parting with the offensive cold winter with the blue sea on which she freely swam, so the girl on the morning of her wedding day cries bitterly at the thought of the impending separation from her parents.
The confusion and anxiety experienced by the bride-girl while waiting for the wedding train can be heard in different versions of the song “Mother, Mother, it’s dusty in the field...” which we are now let's listen performed by Zh. Bichevskaya, and create more full image the songs and everything that happens in it will help you with the works of great Russian artists.
(Appendix 1.slide 11)
-
What impression did the song make on you?
-In the song, mother and daughter seem to be talking
-Those. the song is built in the form of a dialogue
- What can we say about the melodic pattern?
- In the theme of the mother, one can hear the experience, a call for humility, resignation to a hopeless situation
- The theme of the daughter sounds anxiety, drama
-What did you see in the pictures?
-What emotions do the heroines of these paintings experience?
- Are these emotions similar to the emotions of the heroine of the song “Mother...”?
Each of you has the lyrics of the song on your desk. Let's learn it (song performance ).
Well done! We continue to work on the topic.
(Appendix 1.slide 12)
The second part of the wedding is a traditional feast, which began in the house of the groom's parents after the wedding ceremony. The wedding celebration was accompanied by the singing of majestic songs glorifying the bride and groom, comic and dance songs, as well as dancing and horseback riding.
Composers often turned to songs of colorful wedding rites in their operas.
(Appendix 1.slide 13)
Wedding game and its characters are vividly represented in the opera of the Russian composer, our fellow countryman A.S. Dargomyzhsky “Rusalka”.
-What do we know about the composer?
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky was born in the village of Troitskoye, Belevsky district, Tula province.
- I was very interested in studying Russian musical folklore.
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky invited peasants to his estate and loved to listen and watch their songs, dances, games, and round dances.
Nurturing the idea of the opera “Rusalka”, the composer carefully studied everything significant that was in the literature of that time - examples of oral folk poetry, descriptions of folk life, and rituals. And especially Russian folk songs. It is not surprising that Russian folk song occupies a large place in all his work.
At the center of the opera are two peasant characters: the Miller and his daughter Natasha. This prompted the composer to fill all the scenes with folk song elements. Some songs are truly folk, some were written by Dargomyzhsky himself.
In the second act of the opera, a picture of a princely wedding is shown. A large place is devoted to choirs.
(Appendix 1.slide 14)
The action begins with the chorus “As in the upper room, the bright room.” Its content is the glorification of the Prince and Princess. The choir is based on an original theme in the style of Russian folk ritual and praise songs. The wedding choir is a wonderful example of festive and solemn Russian music. Hearing.
(Appendix 1.slide 15)
The three-voice female choir “Svatushka” especially stands out. In it, the composer very colorfully conveyed the comic-everyday scene of a wedding ceremony. According to folk custom, the girls surround the matchmaker and demand gifts from him. The girls sing a song in which they ridicule the unlucky matchmaker. The choir “Svatushka” is of a comic nature.
Matchmaker, matchmaker, stupid matchmaker;
We were on our way to pick up the bride, we stopped in the garden,
They spilled a barrel of beer and watered all the cabbage. Hearing. Analysis.
-Genre of the work?
-Comic wedding song. The choir “Svatushka” is close to folk songs, because chants are found here.
Musical form?
-The form of the work is two-part verse, the 2nd part is two verses, between which there is a bridge.
Does the accompaniment play a major or supporting role?
-Auxiliary. It emphasizes the liveliness of the scene, the girls' jokes, and the matchmaker's clumsiness.
The accompaniment includes a figurative moment. In the bridge between the verses, the accompaniment resembles the playing of a pipe that accompanies folk festivals.
What can we say about diction?
-The chorus “Svatushka” has a light, playful character; to emphasize this, clear diction is needed.
Tell me, are wedding choirs from the opera recreating a folk ceremony?
-Yes.
IV. Summing up the lesson.
(Appendix 1.slide 16)
What did we talk about today?
What does folklore mean?
Musical folklore?
The most beautiful ancient Russian rite?
What is the name of the Tula folklore ensemble?
What can you say about the repertoire of this ensemble?
Name the composer and his opera, where the wedding game is vividly presented.
What plays a big part in the opera “Rusalka”?
What do choirs recreate in opera?
What is important to us? After all, we are Russian people!
(Appendix 1.slide 17)
It is very important that folk songs are accessible to everyone. We must remember that we are Russian, that we have the Russian word, we have fairy tales, we have traditions.
“Rituals and customs in folklore and in the works of composers”
Target: through the creative union of teacher and student in musical and aesthetic education, contribute to the formation of a highly spiritual personality.
Tasks:
educational: acquaintance with folklore through the works of composers whose work is focused on folk music, acquaintance with the history of wedding ceremonies in Rus';
developing: development of listening, vocal and choral skills, ear for music, memory, thinking, ability to listen and analyze musical works;
educational: instilling in schoolchildren respect and interest in their native folklore and the music of Russian composers.
Equipment: presentation for the lesson, multimedia projector, screen, laptop, button accordion, lyrics of the song “Mother, Mother, it’s dusty in the field...”.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
(slide2)
Hello guys. The topic of today's lesson is “Rituals and customs in folklore and in the works of composers,” write down.
(slide 3)
And the epigraph to the lesson will be the words of our great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin:
Things of days gone by
Legends of deep antiquity...
II. Repetition of covered material.
(slide 4)
So, let's get back to the topic of today's lesson. Let's remember what folklore means?
-Folklore is folk art, most often oral.
(slide 5)
Musical folklore?
- Folk music – vocal, instrumental, vocal-instrumental and dance creativity of the people.
(slide 6)
So what helps us penetrate the culture of the past, understand the soul of the people?
-Acquaintance with folk songs, epics, ancient legends.
-What are they telling us about?
- About important moments in a person’s life, about folk traditions captured in various rituals.
Yes, all significant events of human life - be it the birth of a child, the change of season, the beginning and end of agricultural work, or marriage - were accompanied by rituals.
III. Learning new material
(slide 7)
Today we will talk about one of the most beautiful rituals - an ancient Russian wedding (including one included in the opera genre).
A little from the history of wedding ceremonies in Rus'.
In Russian villages, a wedding was the main solemn ceremony. The decision to get married was made not by the young people themselves, but by their parents. Children's opinions were almost never taken into account. Hence the saying “If you endure it, you fall in love.”
(slide 8,9)
So, an ancient Russian wedding was a complex chain of solemn ceremonies.
The “Wedding Game” took place as a theatrical performance that lasted several days, and sometimes several weeks. The characters in the wedding game were the matchmaker, the matchmaker, the groom's friend, and the bride's girlfriends. The central character was the bride. The wedding game was divided into two parts.
The first part was dedicated to the girl’s farewell to her family and was played out in the bride’s house. In the old days, marriage meant the end of a girl’s free life and her transfer to someone else’s family. The bride's songs were therefore dramatic and were called lamentations, lamentations, and lamentations. From the moment of betrothal until departure for the wedding, the bride had to cry and lament. And the bride cried and wailed in order to show love and respect for her parents, gratitude for the fact that they “gave them water and fed them.” Otherwise, they could have complained about the ingratitude of their daughter, who left her father’s house without regret. So she said goodbye to her will, family of origin
(slide 10,11)
Comparisons addressed to nature give special beauty to folk wedding songs: a girl is compared to a river, a swan, a duck, a berry; guy, good fellow - with a clear falcon. Listening to the Russian folk song “A duck was swimming at sea.”
Just as a river flows and does not sway, so a girl-bride sits and does not smile; just as a duck grieves, parting with the onset of cold winter from the blue sea on which it swam freely, so a girl on the morning of her wedding day cries bitterly at the thought of the impending separation from her parents.
The confusion and anxiety experienced by the bride-girl while waiting for the wedding train can be heard in different versions of the song “Mother, Mother, it’s dusty in the field...” which we are now let's listen performed by L. Zykina, and the works of great Russian artists will help you create a more complete image of the song and everything that happens in it.
(slide 12)
-
What impression did the song make on you?
-In the song, mother and daughter seem to be talking
-Those. the song is built in the form of a dialogue
- What can we say about the melodic pattern?
- In the theme of the mother, one can hear the experience, a call for humility, resignation to a hopeless situation
- The theme of the daughter sounds anxiety, drama
-What did you see in the pictures?
-What emotions do the heroines of these paintings experience?
- Are these emotions similar to the emotions of the heroine of the song “Mother...”?
Each of you has the lyrics of the song on your desk. Let's learn it (song performance ).
Well done! We continue to work on the topic.
(slide 13)
The second part of the wedding is a traditional feast, which began in the house of the groom's parents after the wedding ceremony. The wedding celebration was accompanied by the singing of majestic songs glorifying the bride and groom, comic and dance songs, as well as dancing and horseback riding.
Composers often turned to songs of colorful wedding rites in their operas.
(slide 14)
The wedding game and its characters are vividly presented in the opera “Rusalka” by the Russian composer, our fellow countryman A.S. Dargomyzhsky.
-What do we know about the composer?
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky was born in the village of Troitskoye, Belevsky district, Tula province.
- I was very interested in studying Russian musical folklore.
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky invited peasants to his estate and loved to listen and watch their songs, dances, games, and round dances.
Nurturing the idea of the opera “Rusalka”, the composer carefully studied everything significant that was in the literature of that time - examples of oral folk poetry, descriptions of folk life, and rituals. And especially Russian folk songs. It is not surprising that Russian folk song occupies a large place in all of his work.
At the center of the opera are two peasant characters: the Miller and his daughter Natasha. This prompted the composer to fill all the scenes with folk song elements. Some songs are truly folk, some were written by Dargomyzhsky himself.
In the second act of the opera, a picture of a princely wedding is shown. A large place is devoted to choirs.
(slide 15)
The action begins with the chorus “As in the upper room, the bright room.” Its content is the glorification of the Prince and Princess. The choir is based on an original theme in the style of Russian folk ritual and praise songs. The wedding choir is a wonderful example of festive and solemn Russian music. Hearing.
(slide 16)
The three-voice female choir “Svatushka” especially stands out. In it, the composer very colorfully conveyed the comic-everyday scene of a wedding ceremony. According to folk custom, the girls surround the matchmaker and demand gifts from him. The girls sing a song in which they ridicule the unlucky matchmaker. The choir “Svatushka” is of a comic nature.
Matchmaker, matchmaker, stupid matchmaker;
We were on our way to pick up the bride, we stopped in the garden,
They spilled a barrel of beer and watered all the cabbage. Hearing. Analysis.
-Genre of the work?
-Comic wedding song. The choir “Svatushka” is close to folk songs, because chants are found here.
Musical form?
-The form of the work is two-part verse, the 2nd part is two verses, between which there is a bridge.
Does the accompaniment play a major or supporting role?
-Auxiliary. It emphasizes the liveliness of the scene, the girls' jokes, and the matchmaker's clumsiness.
The accompaniment includes a figurative moment. In the passage between the verses, the accompaniment resembles the playing of a pipe that accompanies folk festivities.
What can we say about diction?
-The chorus “Svatushka” has a light, playful character; to emphasize this, clear diction is needed.
Tell me, are wedding choirs from the opera recreating a folk ceremony?
-Yes.
IV. Summing up the lesson.
(slide 17)
What did we talk about today?
What does folklore mean?
Musical folklore?
The most beautiful ancient Russian rite?
Name the composer and his opera, where the wedding game is vividly presented.
What plays a big part in the opera “Rusalka”?
What do choirs recreate in opera?
What is important to us? After all, we are Russian people!
(slide 18)
It is very important that folk songs are accessible to everyone. We must remember that we are Russian, that we have the Russian word, we have fairy tales, we have traditions.
State budget educational institution
Secondary school No. 660 in Moscow
Music lesson notes for 6th grade
“Rituals and customs in folklore and creativity
Composers"
prepared
music teacher
Knyazheva Anastasia Vladimirovna
Moscow
2012
| Mother's theme | |||
| the daughter's excited address is built on repeated descending and rising intonations that are never completed | Confusion, anxiety, worry, dramatic intensity of feelings | The mother's soothing responses are built on a leisurely, gradually descending melody, which leads to a foundation (sustained sound in the tonic) | Submissiveness, resignation to a hopeless situation |
| The song sounds intense, in a minor key |
|||
— Why do you think the heroine of the song is so alarmed?
The works of artists will help you create a more complete image of the song and everything that happens in it.
Let's look at some of them (demonstration of paintings or slides on an interactive board).
-What do you see in these paintings?
— What emotions do the heroines of these paintings experience? (confusion and anxiety or resignation)
— Are these experiences similar to the mood of the heroine of the song “Mother…”?
Let's write down the lyrics of the song in a notebook and try to perform it in person.
Singing: folk song “Mother, Mother, it’s dusty in the field”
Mother, is it dusty in the field?
Russian folk song
- Mother, mother, is it dusty in the field?
Madam mother, is it dusty in the field?
- Dear child, the horses are playing around.
- Mother, mother, guests are coming to the yard,
Madam mother, guests are coming to the yard!..
- Mother, mother, they are going to the porch,
Madam mother, they’re coming to the porch!..
- Dear child, don’t be afraid, don’t be alarmed...
- Mother, mother, they are going to the new room,
Madam mother, they are going to the new room!..
- Dear child, I won’t give you away!
- Mother, mother, they sit down at the tables,
Madam Mother, they are sitting down at the tables!
- Dear child, don’t be afraid, don’t be alarmed!
- Mother, mother, they are taking off the image,
Madam Mother... They bless me...
- Dear child, God be with you!
Wedding scenes in operas by Russian composers.
Wedding choirs from operas recreate folk rituals. Today we will get acquainted with the lyrical image and image of a majestic health song.
Listening: chorus “The swan floats, floats” from the opera “Khovanshchina” by M. Mussorgsky;
Listening: chorus “The spring waters have gone wild and fallen apart in the meadows” from the opera “Ivan Susanin” by M. Glinka.
We will write down a comparative analysis of these musical fragments in a table.
Result: appeal to folk art helps the listener to feel the national identity of the music.
4: homework
Write down the text of a Russian folk song in a notebook and draw an illustration for it.
5: Lesson Summary
Bright wedding episodes, reproduced in many Russian operas, are dramaturgically significant moments in the development of the opera. Opera is not separate numbers, not a concert in costumes, but an artistically recreated drama of life.
In today's lesson we met folk song“Mother...” arranged by Mikhail Matveev, the folk song “The swan floats, floats”, included in the opera “Khovanshchina” by Modest Mussorgsky and the folk-style melody “The spring waters roamed and fell apart in the meadows” by Mikhail Glinka.
— Is there an intonation commonality between these works?
The CONCLUSION should be formulated by students: there is a related attention to the world, an assessment of everything that happens and an expression of attitude towards life.
Bibliography:
Sergeeva G.P., Kritskaya E.D. Music lessons: grades 5-6: a manual for teachers.-M.: Education, 2007.
Internet resources:
I.I. Shangina “Russian traditional holidays”http://sueverija.narod.ru/Obrjadi/Obrjadi.htm
Sheet music for the song “Mother...” http://www.a-pesni.golosa.info/rus/matuchka.htm