Goals:

• Introduce the rules of perspective.
• Learn to depict a landscape according to the laws of perspective, conveying the depth of space.
• Improve the technique of working with wet watercolors.
• Instill a love for your small homeland, develop the ability to see and appreciate the beauty of your native landscapes.

Equipment: diagram for changing the height of the horizon line, diagram for determining the horizon line on the picture plane, manual demonstration map “Find errors in perspective”, samples of pedagogical drawings, reproductions of paintings by landscape artists, photographs of views of their native village, poems by local poetess M. I. Neretina.

Dictionary: landscape, linear and aerial perspective, horizon line, picture plane, point of view.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational part.
2. Lesson topic message.
3. Repetition of learned material.
4. Learning new material.
5. Consolidation.
6. Setting an artistic task.
7. Physical education minute.
8. Independent work.
9. Check of knowledge.
10. Lesson summary.

During the classes

No, it’s not the landscape that attracts me,
It’s not the colors that I’m trying to notice,
And what shines in these colors.
Love and joy of being,
It's spilled everywhere...
She is everywhere where there is beauty.
I. Bunin

1. Organizational part.

- greetings;

– checking readiness for the lesson.

2. Report the topic of the lesson.

Teacher. Guys, today we will talk about landscape, nature native land. Let's get acquainted with the laws of perspective. Let's learn to show the depth of space.

3. Repetition of the studied material.

Let's remember what the concept of landscape means? That's right, it's a genre visual arts, the subject of which is an image of nature, a type of terrain. It is true that the birthplace of the landscape is Holland, and it appeared as an independent genre in the 17th century. You know that landscapes are divided into rural, urban, architectural, industrial, park, and sea.

4. Studying new material.

Today we will talk about the rural landscape, since we live in the countryside and this landscape is most dear to us. Every person has a small homeland, the place where he was born. Russian wisdom says: “Where you were born, you came in handy.” For most of you small homeland- this is the Maslovsky village of Novousmansky district.

Any of you probably knows our local poetess Maria Ivanovna Neretina. Let's listen to one of her poems.

The student reads.

I'm walking through the meadows, I'm walking through the fields
And along the bank of the blue river.
And I quietly whisper that I will not betray you,
Dear, dear Russia.
And in the spring, inhaling the aroma of gardens,
I understand - she’s still happy.
My Voronezh region is rich in beauty,
And there is nothing more expensive in the world.

Listening to these lines, you involuntarily imagine familiar landscapes. Now we will look at photographs of the village prepared by 10th grade student Fomina Masha.

It’s not for nothing that they say – Mother Earth, Mother Nature. This expresses love for native land. Landscape artists depicted the beauty of Russian nature in their creations. An example of this is the paintings of Russian artists - lyricists.

Isaac Levitan"Sokolniki".

Fedor Vasiliev"Dawn", "After the Rain".

Ivan Shishkin“Rain in an oak forest”, “Morning in pine forest", "Forest distances".

To paint a picture correctly, you need to have knowledge about perspective.

Perspective is a system for displaying the depth of space on a plane.

To understand the topic, let's discuss the planning in the picture.

Foreground. All objects are perceived three-dimensionally, the color is most contrasting.

Medium plan. Volume and color gradually soften.

Background. Everything merges in an airy haze.

(slide 3)

Aerial perspective– changes in objects under the influence of air and space, changes in color, outline and degree of illumination that occur as the nature moves away from the observer’s eyes.

(slide 4)

Linear perspective- an exact science that teaches how to depict objects of the surrounding reality on a plane so that the impression of reality is created.

(slide 5)

Need to know laws of perspective.

1. As you move away, objects become visually smaller.
2. The color fades.
3. The contrast gradually softens.
4. Near objects are depicted in detail, and distant objects are depicted in general terms.
5. Distant light objects are darkened, and dark objects are lightened.

(slide 6)

Let's consider horizon line determination diagram. Let's get acquainted with the concepts - point of view, line horizon, picture plane.

Point of view- This is a look from one fixed point.

Skyline- this is a line that is at the level of our eyes.

Picture plane- This is an image of visible objects in the order in which we see them.

(slide 7) Discussion with children.

Now let's turn our attention to change schemes height of the horizon line.

(slide 8) Discussion with children.

5. Consolidation

It's time to test in practice how you have mastered the material you have studied. For this we will use demonstration material“Find errors in perspective.” Let's discuss several options for air and linear perspective. It is necessary to find errors and explain how to eliminate them.

(slide 9,10,11) Discussion with children.

6. Setting an artistic task.

And now, guys, using the knowledge you have acquired, you will draw a landscape using the raw technique.

Stage 1 of work.

– With a simple pencil create an outline drawing (slide 13)

Stage 2 of work.

– Moisten everything with water and quickly start coloring.

– Start from the sky, from background to foreground (slide 14)

Stage 3 of work.

– Finish small details on a dry layer of paint.

– Increase color contrast (slide 15)

7. Physical education minute

Close your eyes, relax. Imagine that we are walking through a green meadow along a winding path that gets lost somewhere in the distance. Next to the path in the foreground, bright flowers delight the eye. Trees in the background lose their clear outlines and appear small. Birds chirp overhead, fluttering in the clear blue sky. They're waiting for you ahead pleasant meetings, feeling of joy and happiness.

8. Independent work.

Students independently sketch a landscape, applying their acquired knowledge in practice.

9. Test of knowledge.

Choose the correct answer from the options provided

Perspective is...

1. color science.
2. image using the horizon line.
3. display system on the depth plane of space.

(slide 16)

10. Lesson summary.

Exhibition of works. Well done guys, the landscapes turned out incredibly expressive. You were able to express your love for your native land, apply the laws of perspective in your works, thereby showing the depth of space. Each of your creations deserves special attention. For further improvement, I recommend that you explore the work of Alexei Savrasov, Vasily Polenov, Igor Grabar and other artists who glorify the beauty of Russian nature.

Homework: write an essay on the work of one of the studied landscape artists.

Landscape Compare two landscapes. Garden in a pond. Ancient Egypt . 2 thousand BC Shchedrin S. View from the grotto. 1827 Landscape IMAGE OF SPACE IN A LANDSCAPE. Rules for constructing perspective Lesson objectives: Landscape - conveying space in the landscape; - development of imagination; - nurturing aesthetic feelings for nature and respect for it. The main elements of a landscape: Landscape - earth's surface - vegetation - buildings - bodies of water (lakes, seas, rivers) - fauna - people - clouds, rain 1. Name the types (motifs) of the landscape. Landscape 2. Determine what character each landscape has. Reproductions of paintings are on the board. Types of art: Painting Savrasov A. Sukharevskaya Tower Graphics I. Shishkin. Forest Wall Painting. Ancient Egypt Etruscan master. Two dancers painting. Around 400 BC God of wine Bacchus at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. Fresco. 1st century AD Archangel Michael. Icon. Russia. Joachim Patinir. Flight to Egypt. 1515-1524 P. Bruegel the Elder “Hunters in the Snow”. Netherlands. 16th century Leon Battista Alberti “Perspective is nothing more than observing the terrain through transparent glass, on the surface of which the objects lying behind it are drawn.” The artist imagines the picture plane as if transparent, and everything that is depicted on it is located behind this plane. Draw the contours of nearby objects sharper, and those of distant objects softer. Near objects should be depicted as multi-colored, and distant objects as single-colored. Procedure for working on a landscape: When starting to do independent work, first choose a theme for the landscape.

Slide 1

Basic principles of the theory of linear perspective Completed by: Zamorina Marina 303 gr. Head: candidate pedagogical sciences, Associate Professor S.I. Gudilina Everything that is purple - hyperlinks

Slide 2

Perspective Objects in the reality around us are located in space, that is, some of them are located closer to us, others are further away. If, for example, you look at electric masts or telegraph poles moving away from the observer, you can see how they seem to decrease in height, although in reality they are the same size. larger picture

Slide 3

Slide 4

The apparent decrease in the size of objects located at different distances from the viewer can also be seen in the example of houses located along the street. Thus, the further away objects are from the viewer, the smaller they appear. If you look at the same object from different places or change its position in relation to the viewer, then each time it will be visually perceived differently. Examples: Circle Book

Slide 5

Circle BACK When the position of the circle changes in relation to the observer, you can see how its outlines change. In one case, the circle can be seen in the form of a regular circle (if it is located frontally), in another case - in the form of an ellipse, in the third - in the form of a straight line. It depends on what position the circle occupies in relation to the level of vision (horizon line) and to the plane of the picture. CONCLUSION

Slide 6

Book BACK The change in the outline of an object depending on its position in relation to the person drawing can be traced on the book. The book can be positioned in relation to the viewer so that in one case we will see two, and in another case, three of its planes. CONCLUSION

Slide 7

CONCLUSION REVERSE Based on this example, we can draw the following conclusion - the appearance of an object changes depending on its location relative to the observer.

Slide 8

Linear perspective The development of the theory of linear perspective as a method of depicting spatial forms on a plane was carried out by such prominent artists of the Renaissance as Pietro della Francesca, Paolo Uccello, Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Durer and many others. Engraving by Albrecht Durer

Slide 9

One of Durer's engravings gives an idea of ​​the principle of obtaining a perspective image, which is the basis and modern theory linear perspective. Here we have the following basic elements: the object of the image, a single fixed point of view (the artist looks at the object with one eye through the pipe), a transparent plane located between the object and the eye of the observer on which the drawing is made. Show picture

Slide 10

Slide 11

The possibility of obtaining an image on a transparent plane of an object is explained by the laws of radiation, propagation and absorption of light. Reflected rays of light coming into the eye from an object, meeting a transparent plane on their way, leave traces on it in the form of many points. If we connect these imaginary points, then we will get the outline of a visible object on this plane. Its value will be less than the actual size of the observed object. View drawing

Slide 12

BACK Such images should be considered as a perspective image of objects obtained by the central projection method, since all projecting rays pass through one point - the optical center of the eye (pupil). The height of this point in practice is determined by a horizontal plane passing at the level of the drawer’s eyes, which is depicted as a horizontal straight line and is called the horizon line. And the rectangular projection of the point of view onto the plane is called the main or central point.

Slide 13

Observation of nature through a transparent plane formed the basis of the term Perspective. In the theory of perspective, the transparent vertical plane through which the artist observes objects is usually called the plane of the picture or painting. Observing objects through the transparent plane of the picture, we seem to see their image on it and can even get a real drawing if we trace the contours of the object visible through this plane, as already noted above. Moreover, this drawing will meet all the rules of linear perspective.

Slide 14

Perspective BACK (from the Latin Perspectus - seen through something, clearly seen) is one of the ways of depicting volumetric bodies on a plane or on some other surface in accordance with the apparent changes in their size, shape and clarity caused by their location in space and degree of distance from the observer.

Slide 15

Picture plane BACK This plane is, as it were, an intermediary between the drawer and the observed object, on the one hand, between nature and the plane of the sheet of paper on which the image is built, on the other.

Slide 16

In practice, things are completely different. They draw not on transparent planes, but on ordinary thick paper, and do not place a transparent plane in front of nature. A conversation about a transparent plane when drawing from life can be about the opportunity to see objects through it, taking into account the phenomena of perspective, or about an imaginary plane of a picture with a sheet of paper lying in front of the drawer as if seen on it. Questions Literature

Lesson fine art art in 6th grade

_________________________________

RULES

Today in class you will learn -

• What is linear perspective

and what are the rules of construction

frontal and angular perspectives.

• What is aerial perspective

and how the color changes

influenced by aerial perspective .

But first answer these questions:

How artists depicted space different eras in different countries?

• What is PERSPECTIVE?
• What types of perspective

do you know?

Linear perspective – an exact science that teaches how to depict objects of surrounding reality on a plane so that the impression is created as in nature.

• Every drawing has a level from which the object is drawn. The drawing level will be his eye line , so-called horizon .

The higher the horizon line, the more space opens to our view.

All lines parallel to each other extending into the depths of space, are perceived by the eyes as converging at a point called vanishing point .

TYPES OF LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

• Frontal perspective

Objects are located parallel to the plane - frontal position

one vanishing point located on the horizon line.

TYPES OF LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

• Angular perspective

Objects are located at an angle to the plane - angular position

All parallel lines will converge in

two vanishing points located on the horizon line

right and left.

Aerial perspective conveys perspective changes in some characteristics of objects under the influence of air and space, changes in color, outline and degree of illumination of objects that appear as the nature moves away from the eyes of the observer.

• In the image, the removal of objects is conveyed by softening the outlines,

loss of clarity, weakening of image detail, decrease in color brightness.

• When depicting objects reflected in water, their length is usually

equal to reflection and the shape is preserved. But the image is upside down.

Space transfer schemes You can create the illusion of space on a plane not only in tone, but also in linear drawing

A. The usual linear perspective of the earth's space is conveyed by weakening the pressure and thinning the outline of the lines.

B. Horizontal lines of varying pressure convey color and air space.

B. The space of the field is created using vertical strokes and lines that lose their thickness as they move away.

• Perspective

- this is a reduction in size

the object as it moves away, i.e., figuratively speaking, this is a look into the distance.

• Correct identification of objects in space helps when depicting landscapes, where it is necessary to pay attention to

long and close plans .

Basic Rules building perspective

• Lines below the horizon rise toward it, lines above the horizon descend toward it, and lines on the horizon become horizontal.
• All lines parallel to each other, going deep into space, are perceived by the eyes as converging at a point called vanishing point . In frontal perspective there is one vanishing point, in angular perspective there are two.
• Lines running parallel to the horizon remain parallel (frontal perspective).
• Vertical lines stay vertical.
• The closer an object is to us, the larger it appears in size.
• Objects of the same color in the distance appear less bright in color than objects close to the person drawing.

What difference do you see
in the image?
Time of writing
Time of painting -
paintings - era
Renaissance
Middle Ages

In the era
Middle Ages
(5th-15th centuries)
view of the world is possible
name
vertical - from
earth to sky.

During the Renaissance (15th-16th centuries) vision
the world has changed. It can be called
horizontal – deep into space
Leonardo da Vinci "The Last Supper"

For centuries artists
developed image methods
the surrounding world on a plane,
which then turned into
rules. We are with one of them today and
Let's get acquainted.

Linear perspective

- is a system of image on a plane
depth of space.
This system includes methods
images that allow
create the illusion of space on
plane.

If you draw a landscape on the glass of a window,
which we see outside the window will turn out
perspective drawing, and glass in this
case will be the picture plane.

Dimensions, shape, clarity of outlines of objects
visually change depending on their
remoteness.
A. Gerasimov.
"Bolshak"

distance from our eye dimensions
objects appear smaller.
At

horizontal lines,
For example,
railway rails, wires, markings
lanes on highways receding, as if converging
at one point on the visible horizon line.

But the vertical lines of pillars, houses, trees remain vertical, although with distance from us they also decrease.

The horizon line is clearly visible when standing
in the open space and look into the distance,
where the sky meets the earth or water.

When climbing a mountain, the horizon line rises and the visible space increases

If you sit on the ground, then the horizon line
will descend and visibility will decrease.

Line
the horizon is always
is on the level
eye of the beholder.

Three main horizon levels
Point of view below level
horizon.
Items are above the line
horizon, so they can be seen from below.
Viewpoint at horizon level.
Items are on the line
horizon.
A higher level point of view
horizon.
Items are below the line
horizon, so they can be seen
above.

Key takeaways from the lesson
The horizon is a distant line, on
in which the sky seems to meet the earth.
A vanishing point is a section of the horizon at
where the railroad tracks
disappear from sight.
The horizon is located at the height of your
eye, regardless of what
distance from the ground you are.