Place of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Hero of Our Time” in the literature program is quite justified. This work can be either a youth book or a book for a mature reader. In our opinion, “A Hero of Our Time” represents rich material for the moral education of the younger generation.
We offer the development of a lesson that is a combination of classical and innovative forms of work that allow, based on the material of the work, to form the spiritual values and active life position of adolescents.
The lesson on the topic “Pechorin as a representative of the portrait of a generation,” presented here, has the following goals:
educational:
teach children to characterize heroes literary work according to their actions, attitude towards others, according to the author’s assessment; help students see the original character of the hero;
developing:
develop the ability to navigate the text, select the necessary material, compare, contrast, argue your point of view, develop the ability to work in a group;
educational:
to cultivate interest in the spiritual world of literary heroes, communication skills, respect for the opinion of a group mate, to promote moral education, to cultivate interest in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov; to foster an active life position in students.
The teacher applies different types checking the degree of students’ assimilation of new material: research in groups, working with the text of the work, comparing the characters of the work, reflection.
Download:
Preview:
Article.DOC
Literature lesson in 9th grade
Kostenkova Lyubov Nikolaevna No. 218-946-798
Pechorin as a representative of the “portrait of a generation.”
(Based on the chapter “Bela” of M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “Hero of Our Time”)
Goals:
educational:
teach children to characterize the heroes of a literary work by their actions, attitude towards others, and according to the author’s assessment; help students see the uniqueness of the characters' characters
developing:
develop the ability to navigate the text, select the necessary material, compare, contrast, and defend your point of view with arguments;
educational:
to cultivate interest in the spiritual world of literary heroes, about the spiritual beauty and inner wealth of the individual; promote moral education, fostering interest in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov; to foster an active life position in students.
During the classes.
1. Literary warm-up on the chapter “Bela”.
Crossword puzzle based on chapter 1 of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.” Horizontally :2.Who is an abrek? How do you understand this word? 4.Who is this: “He was a nice guy, just a little strange.” 7. Murder weapon. 8. The nickname of the abrek’s best friend, who saved him from death more than once. 9. The name of the heroine of the novel. 11. Animal friend of the abrek? 12.Where do the events take place? 14. An animal that is dangerous to hunt. Vertically : 1.What did the hero of the novel Maxim Maksimych leave? 3.What separated the main characters? 5.The main character’s favorite activity to relieve boredom. 6.Who said these words: “How she dances!” How he sings! And he embroiders with gold - a miracle! The Turkish padishah never had such a wife...” .9. Who is he to the heroine?10. What feeling held the heroine captive? 13. Who killed the heroine? His name?
2. Fundamental question.
“And maybe I’ll die tomorrow!.. and there won’t be a single creature left on earth who would understand me completely. Some honor me worse, others better than I really do. Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others – a scoundrel!.. Both will be false.”
Who he is a hero Lermontov?
3. Let us turn to the text of the story “Bela”. At home, you made an outline for the chapter. Now let’s select the episodes that are most important for understanding Pechorin’s character.
- Maxim Maksimych's story about Pechorin.
- Pechorin and Bela. (History of relationships before the abduction).
- Pechorin and Bela. Love and death of the heroine.
- Pechorin against the background of other heroes of the story.
- Confession of Pechorin.
- Landscape sketches.
4. Work in groups. The class is divided into groups, and each group is given a text research assignment for the episode. When answering questions given by the teacher, students must show knowledge of the text, provide quotes and draw a conclusion.
- group – Maxim Maksimych’s story about Pechorin.
1. What connects and what separates Pechorin and the narrator?(Origin, education, attitude to service, the ability of a Russian person to apply himself to the customs of those peoples among whom he happens to live. It is no coincidence that the image of Maxim Maksimych emphasizes the ease with which he understands and accepts the customs of the Caucasian tribes, recognizing their correctness and naturalness in their conditions. In what episodes does this character trait of a Russian person manifest itself in Pechorin? What is their attitude towards Bela?
2. How does Maxim Maksimych see Pechorin?
3. What surprises and what is incomprehensible to Maxim Maksimych in Pechorin?
2nd group - Pechorin and Bela. (History of relationships before the abduction).
1.Where did Pechorin first see Bela?
2. What impression did they make on each other?
3. What are the consequences of the overheard conversation between Kazbich and Azamat?
4. How do we see Pechorin in this episode? Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero.
5. What technique does M.Yu. Lermontov use to depict the image of the hero?
3 group - Pechorin and Bela. Love. 1. How did Bela end up in the fortress?
2. What is Bela’s behavior in the first days after the abduction?
3. How did Pechorin achieve Bela’s love?
4. Why did Bela reciprocate? (Pay attention to the description of Bela’s beautiful eyes given by Maxim Maksimych).
5. How do we see Pechorin in these episodes? Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero.
6. What technique does M.Yu. Lermontov use to depict the image of the hero?
4 group - Pechorin and Bela. Death of the heroine. 1. Why did Pechorin lose interest in Bela? How did this manifest itself? (Quote the hero’s words) 2. How did Bela die?
3. How can you explain Pechorin’s behavior after Bela’s death? How does this characterize him?
4. How do we see Pechorin in these episodes? Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero.
5. What technique does M.Yu. Lermontov use to depict the image of the hero?
5 group -Pechorin against the background of other heroes of the story.
1. How are the characters of Kazbich and Azamat described?
2. How does Pechorin behave in a conflict with Kazbich?
3. What role did Pechorin play in the fate of Azamat?
4. Draw a conclusion about the character of the hero by comparing him with Kazbich and Azamat.
5. What technique does M.Yu. Lermontov use to depict the image of the hero?
6 group - Confession of Pechorin. Reading a fragment from the words: “Listen, Maxim Maksimych...”
1. Choose words that convey Pechorin’s disappointment in life. Please comment on them.
2. What is the reason for Pechorin’s boredom and disappointment, in his opinion?
3.What do you see as the similarities and differences between Pechorin and Onegin?
4. Why can’t Pechorin be happy in his environment?
5. What technique does M.Yu. Lermontov use to depict the image of the hero?
(In his monologue, Pechorin seems to reveal his inner biography: the pleasures of life, love, reading - nothing brought satisfaction. Pechorin’s boredom directly echoes the melancholy of Eugene Onegin. But, unlike Onegin, Lermontov’s hero is characterized by an insatiable thirst for the new, “a restless imagination” , “an insatiable heart.” When preparing to travel, he is looking not for peace, but for “storms and bad roads.”)
7 group - The role of landscape sketches in the story.
1. Find the most striking landscape sketches.
2. What pictures of nature does Lermontov choose for his description?
3. What is the connection between landscape sketches and the image of the main character and the event outline of the story?
(Majestic pictures of mountain nature are imbued with lyricism, a sense of beauty and poetry of the world. Against the background of harmony in nature, the discord with life and Pechorin’s anxiety are clearly highlighted. In addition, the rebellion and majesty of the Caucasian landscapes emphasize and strengthen the rebellion of Lermontov’s hero, his proud spirit.)
5. Teacher's summary. In the first story that begins the novel, main character Pechorin appears as a man who embodies contradictory qualities. Pechorin's character remains a mystery, because the motives of his actions are hidden from the reader. The hero is described through the perception of the narrator - a middle-aged staff captain, who, for a number of reasons, is not able to explain the character and actions of Pechorin. Today we tried to figure out the character of the main character ourselves based on the first chapter of the novel.
6. Reflection.
Let's try to expressyour vision of the hero in syncwine. I remind you of the rule for compiling a syncwine.
Line 1 – one noun expressing main topic cinquain.
Line 2 – two adjectives expressing the main idea.
Line 3 – three verbs describing actions within the topic.
Line 4 is a phrase that carries a certain meaning.
Line 5 – conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).
7.Grading. Homework . Write an essay “First acquaintance with Pechorin”
In the novel “Hero of Our Time,” Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov touches on the same problems that are often heard in his lyrics: why smart and energetic people cannot find a place for themselves in life, why do they “grow old in inaction”? The novel consists of five parts: “Bela”, “Maksim Maksimych”, “Taman”, “Princess Mary”, “Fatalist”. Each of them represents independent work and at the same time is part of the novel. The central place in all the stories is occupied by the image of the young officer Pechorin. It is no coincidence that the novel takes place in the Caucasus, where at that time people who were critical of autocracy were exiled. As you know, Pushkin and Lermontov were exiled there. Pechorin belongs to this category of people.
Revealing the complex and contradictory character of Pechorin, the author shows us him in different life situations, in clashes with people of different social classes and nationalities: with smugglers, with mountaineers, with a young aristocratic girl, with representatives of noble youth and others actors. Before us appears the image of a lonely, disappointed man who is at enmity with secular society, although he himself is part of it.
In Lermontov’s poems, the image of such a person is painted in romantic tones; the poet did not reveal in his lyrics the reasons for the appearance of such a hero. And in the novel “Hero of Our Time” Lermontov portrays Pechorin realistically. The writer is trying to show how a person’s character is influenced by the environment in which he lives. Pechorin has a lot in common with Evgeny Onegin from the novel of the same name in Pushkin’s poems. However, Pechorin lives in a different time, he is a man of the thirties of the 19th century, and this man’s disappointment in the society around him is stronger than that of Onegin.
Pechorin was born and raised in an aristocratic family. Nature endowed him with a sharp mind, a responsive heart and a strong will. But best qualities This person was not needed by society. “Fearing ridicule,” says Pechorin, “I buried my best feelings in the depths of my heart.” He fell in love and was loved; took up science, but soon realized that it did not give him fame and happiness. And when he realized that in society there was no selfless love, no friendship, no fair humane relations between people, he became bored.
Pechorin is looking for thrills, adventures. His mind and will help him overcome obstacles, but he realizes that his life is empty. And this increases his feeling of melancholy and disappointment. Pechorin is well versed in the psychology of people, so he easily wins the attention of women, but this does not bring him a feeling of happiness. He, like Onegin, “was not created for the bliss of family life. He cannot and does not want to live like the people of his circle.”
In the story of Princess Mary, whom Pechorin fell in love with himself and subjugated to his will, he appears both as a “cruel tormentor” and as a deeply suffering person. Exhausted Mary evokes a feeling of compassion in him. “It was becoming unbearable,” he recalls, “another minute and I would have fallen at her feet.”
Lermontov created a truthful image of his young contemporary, which reflected the features of an entire generation. In the preface to the novel, he wrote that Pechorin is “a portrait made up of the vices of our generation, in their full development.”
The title of the novel sounds the writer's irony over his generation and over the time in which it lives. Pechorin, of course, is not a hero in the literal sense of the word. His activities cannot be called heroic. A person who could benefit people wastes his energy on empty activities.
The author does not seek to condemn Pechorin, nor to make him better than he is. It should be noted that M. Yu. Lermontov revealed the psychology of his hero with great skill. The critic N. G. Chernyshevsky noted that “Lermontov was interested in the psychological process itself, its form, its laws, the dialectics of the soul...” L. N. Tolstoy also highly appreciated Lermontov’s role in the development of the socio-psychological novel.
"All , what Lermontov wanted to add to the fact that
what he said in “Hero of Our Time”,
expressed in the portrait Pechorina ».
A. M. Marchenko “Centuries will not be erased.”
I introduction teachers. Conversation.
You know that literature and books help us understand other people, the world and ourselves in it. One of these books is Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time,” which we are starting to work on. The title itself says: the image of the central staff is inextricably linked with a certain era, this is a hero of his time. No wonder the novel caused heated controversy: is this really the hero of the era, or is it slander against modern man? But we read the novel in our time, and what is important for us is not so much what Pechorin’s time was like and what the hero of that time was like, but something else: what Lermontov reveals to us now, what the writer’s thoughts mean now, for us.Watch the video clip , note in your notebooks why, when reading a novel, we are faced with a problem that is important for each of us: what depends on the person himself, does he determine his own destiny or something outside him?
Video slide.
Teacher (slide 4): Let's return to the question. What recordings did you make?
(students' answers)
Teacher:
The focus of our lesson is the portrait of Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin. And the topic of the lessonPechorin – “portrait of a generation” (slide 5)
What final punctuation mark will you put at the end of the sentence?
(slide 6)
Teacher: Let's define a keyword in the topic of the lesson.(slide 7)
Let's remember what a portrait is.(slide 8) Let's get acquainted with a new literary term - psychological portrait. Why is the psychological portrait important to us? (students' answers).
Working with an epigraph for the lesson. (slide 9)
“Everything that Lermontov wanted to add to what he said in “Hero of Our Time” is expressed in the portrait of Pechorin.” A. Marchenko
Identify the key words in this statement.
Answer: ( everything has been said in the portrait of Pechorin)
Teacher: So, everything is expressed in the portrait.
Why is the portrait of a hero so important for Lermontov? And whatAll expressed in the portrait of the hero? Find the answer to this question in the preface to the novel.
(students work with a preface)
Slide 11.
M. Yu. Lermontov in the “Preface” to the novel writes: “The Hero of Our Time, my dear sirs, is certainly a portrait, but not of one person: it is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development.”
Teacher: Taskauthor - indicate the disease! And society must cope with the disease. Pechorin is one of the members of society. It turns out that the main character of the novel is negative character?! Or is it still positive?(slide 12) Having already heard a lot in class and read the first stories of the novel, try to answer the question yourself: “What do I know about Pechorin?” (slide 13)
(work in pairs, write down assumptions on the board)
Teacher: The fact is that the meaning of the word “hero” can be understood in different ways. IN explanatory dictionary Several of its meanings are given.
I offer you the following definitions:Slide 14
1) A person exceptional in courage or in his valor.
2) The main character of a literary work.
3) A person who, by his character and actions, is an exponent of some environment or era.
Teacher: Which of these definitions suits the image of Grigory Pechorin? (3definition)
Teacher: The shortcomings of each individual person can be inherent only to him - then you can try to correct them. But when vices are characteristic of an entire generation, the blame falls not on individuals, but on the society that gave rise to these vices! It took an entire generation to correct Russian reality!
What kind of generation is this to which both M. Yu. Lermontov himself and his hero belong? Slide 15
The main period of Lermontov's creativity is associated with the era of the 30s of the 19th century - the time of the Nikolaev reaction in all spheres of public life. The ideas, ideals, goals and meaning of life of the Pushkin generation - everything was destroyed. These are difficult times, later they will be called the era of timelessness. In such years they talk about lack of spirituality, about the decline of morality.
The need to master the “mistakes of the fathers,” to rethink what seemed immutable to the previous generation, to develop one’s own moral and philosophical position is a characteristic feature of the era of the 20-30s.
Man and destiny, man and his purpose, purpose and meaning human life, its possibilities and reality, free will and necessity - all these questions received figurative embodiment in the novel.
Teacher: After the collapse of Decembrism, which revealed its internal inconsistency, Russian social thought was in a situation of painful search.
A contemporary of Pushkin and Lermontov, the French writer Alfred de Musset, symbolically presented this situation as follows: (slide 16)“Behind is the past, destroyed forever, but still trembling in its ruins... Ahead is the radiance of an immense horizon... And between these two worlds is a stormy sea, full of shipwrecks, where occasionally a distant sail appears white.”
Teacher: Which lyric poem by Lermontov do you remember when reading this quote?(Children read the poem “Sail” by heart) Slide 17
Is it possible to compare the lonely Sail with the character of Pechorin?
(The sail, a symbol of rebellion, a challenge to fate, is the most important image in Lermontov’s work. Let us recall at least the entry in Pechorin’s diary: “I, like a sailor, born and raised on the deck of a robber brig... he is bored and languishing, no matter how the shady grove beckons him , no matter how the peaceful sun shines on him... and peers into the foggy distance: will the desired sail flash there... Pechorin is alone in any society, wherever he finds himself.
Pechorin, like Lermontov’s “sail,” travels without a goal, without realizing it, “he does not seek happiness and does not run from happiness.” Pechorin cannot find happiness, since his active nature does not find use for itself.)
Teacher: From the moment of his appearance until today, this hero has caused and continues to cause different opinions. It attracts artists, directors, and readers directly.
Maybe he is so attractive because the novel “A Hero of Our Time” - psychological novel. (slide 18)
Let's remember what epic work is called a novel?
(slide 19)
Now it is important for us to determine the features of a psychological novel. Let’s compare (slide 20)….
(students' answers)
SUMMARY (slide 21)
Teacher: Thus, a psychological novel is... (slide 22)
The writer is interested (slide 23) the inner world of the hero – the psychology of the soul – a psychological portrait of the individual.
What is the psychological portrait of Pechorin? What will help us trace this chain in the novel?
Let's consider the features of the novel's composition. ( slide 24)
In “A Hero of Our Time,” the composition organizes and builds the plot, not the plot. To understand the difference, it is necessary to clarify the concepts of plot and plot.
Exercise: Explore theoretical material. Arrange the stories in event order and then in chronological order.
(independent work students)
CHECKING: (slide 24)
Teacher: Why does Lermontov violate the chronology of events? What purpose did he pursue by arranging the stories in such a sequence?
(students' answers)
GENERALIZING (slide 25)
By arranging the stories in such a sequence, the author pursued a goal arising from the ideological plan - to reveal Pechorin’s complex nature more widely and deeply.
Let us recall once again that the novel was conceived as an artistic study of the inner world of man, a description of the “history of the human soul.”
Lermontov created absolutely new novel– new in form and content: a psychological novel, having predicted further development Russian prose in this direction. From now on, the Russian novel in its best, classical examples will become a psychological novel. He will always be focused on inner world heroes and will shy away from direct and contrasting assessments.
(slide 25, reading)
Teacher: Is it possible to see a person's inner qualities?
(students' answers)
That's right, no. But they manifest themselves in his behavior, in his attitude towards others. Word personality comes from the words “face”, “mask”. In the ancient Greek and then in the ancient Roman theaters, the actor went on stage wearing a mask, so that the features of one or another character - a comedian or a villain - could be seen from the last rows of the amphitheater. The coloring of the mask indicated the moral and psychological qualities of a person. They are the ones that form the basis human personality. Psychological picture personality includes the following basic properties: (Slide 26)
How do we see Pechorin? What can we say about his character, attitude towards life and the people around him, what principles and considerations does he follow in his life?
In the novel “Hero of Our Time,” Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov touches on the same problems that are often heard in his lyrics: why smart and energetic people cannot find a place for themselves in life, why do they “grow old in inaction”? The novel consists of five parts: “Bela”, “Maksim Maksimych”, “Taman”, “Princess Mary”, “Fatalist”. Each of them represents an independent work and at the same time is part of the novel. The central place in all the stories is occupied by the image of the young officer Pechorin. It is no coincidence that the novel takes place in the Caucasus, where at that time people who were critical of autocracy were exiled. As you know, Pushkin and Lermontov were exiled there. Pechorin belongs to this category of people.
Revealing the complex and contradictory character of Pechorin, the author shows us him in different life situations, in clashes with people of different social classes and nationalities: with smugglers, with mountaineers, with a young aristocratic girl, with representatives of noble youth and other characters. Before us appears the image of a lonely, disappointed man who is at enmity with secular society, although he himself is part of it.
In Lermontov’s poems, the image of such a person is painted in romantic tones; the poet did not reveal in his lyrics the reasons for the appearance of such a hero. And in the novel “Hero of Our Time” Lermontov portrays Pechorin realistically. The writer is trying to show how a person’s character is influenced by the environment in which he lives. Pechorin has a lot in common with Evgeny Onegin from the novel of the same name in Pushkin’s poems. However, Pechorin lives in a different time, he is a man of the thirties of the 19th century, and this man’s disappointment in the society around him is stronger than that of Onegin.
Pechorin was born and raised in an aristocratic family. Nature endowed him with a sharp mind, a responsive heart and a strong will. But the best qualities of this person were not needed by society. “Fearing ridicule,” says Pechorin, “I buried my best feelings in the depths of my heart.” He fell in love and was loved; took up science, but soon realized that it did not give him fame and happiness. And when he realized that in society there was no selfless love, no friendship, no fair humane relations between people, he became bored.
Pechorin is looking for thrills and adventures. His mind and will help him overcome obstacles, but he realizes that his life is empty. And this increases his feeling of melancholy and disappointment. Pechorin is well versed in the psychology of people, so he easily wins the attention of women, but this does not bring him a feeling of happiness. He, like Onegin, “was not created for the bliss of family life. He cannot and does not want to live like the people of his circle.”
In the story of Princess Mary, whom Pechorin fell in love with himself and subjugated to his will, he appears both as a “cruel tormentor” and as a deeply suffering person. Exhausted Mary evokes a feeling of compassion in him. “It was becoming unbearable,” he recalls, “another minute and I would have fallen at her feet.”
Lermontov created a truthful image of his young contemporary, which reflected the features of an entire generation. In the preface to the novel, he wrote that Pechorin is “a portrait made up of the vices of our generation, in their full development.”
The title of the novel sounds the writer's irony over his generation and over the time in which it lives. Pechorin, of course, is not a hero in the literal sense of the word. His activities cannot be called heroic. A person who could benefit people wastes his energy on empty activities.
The author does not seek to condemn Pechorin, nor to make him better than he is. It should be noted that M. Yu. Lermontov revealed the psychology of his hero with great skill. The critic N. G. Chernyshevsky noted that “Lermontov was interested in the psychological process itself, its form, its laws, the dialectics of the soul...” L. N. Tolstoy also highly appreciated Lermontov’s role in the development of the socio-psychological novel.