Outline of the MHC lesson “The emergence of new styles in the 17th – 18th centuries. The stylistic diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries. Artistic culture of the 17th and 18th centuries.

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Style diversity art XVII-XVIII centuries
Prepared by the teacher of fine arts and MHC MKOU secondary school with. Brut Guldaeva S.M.

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In Europe, the process of dividing countries and peoples has ended. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. Scientific discoveries early XVII centuries finally shattered the image of the universe, at the center of which was man himself. If used to be art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes were also reflected in the development of art.

The 17th – 18th centuries are one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of Baroque, Rococo, Classicism and Realism, which saw the world in a new way.

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ART STYLES Style - combination artistic means
and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era.

Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

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MANNERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a direction in Western European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharpness.
artistic solutions

El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London

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Characteristic features of the Mannerism (pretentious) style:

Sophistication. Pretentiousness. An image of a fantastic, otherworldly world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Lengthening figures. Instability and difficulty of poses.

Slide 6 If in the art of the Renaissance man is the ruler and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the chaos of the world. Mannerism covered different kinds artistic creativity – architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative –.
applied arts

El Greco "Laocoon", 1604-1614

Slide 7
Uffizi Gallery
Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; the use of architecturally unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer a feeling of anxiety. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is designed in a mannerist spirit.

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BAROQUE
Baroque (Italian barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the late 16th to the mid-18th centuries. in the art of Europe. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE:
Pomp. Pretentiousness. Curvature of shapes. Brightness of colors. Abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.

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The main features of Baroque are pomp, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, and life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, and a combination of reality and fantasy.
Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
Church of the Mother of God of the Sign in Dubrovitsy. 1690-1704. Moscow.

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It is especially necessary to note in the Baroque style the fusion of various arts in a single ensemble, a large degree of interpenetration of architecture, sculpture, painting and decorative arts. This desire for a synthesis of arts is a fundamental feature of the Baroque.
Versailles

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CLASSICISM
Classicism from lat. classicus - “exemplary” - artistic direction in European art of the 17th -19th centuries, focused on the ideals of ancient classics.
Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM:
Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.

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The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal principles, the subordination of feelings to duty, and the idealization of heroic images.
N. Poussin “The Shepherds of Arcadia”. 1638 -1639. Louvre, Paris

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In painting, the logical development of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors acquired the main importance.
Claude Lorrain "The Departure of the Queen of Sheba"
The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.

Slide 16

In European countries, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, it was revived in the neoclassical movements of the 19th – 20th centuries.
Works of classicism architecture were distinguished by strict organization of geometric lines, clarity of volumes, and regularity of layout.

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ROCOCO
Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style movement in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century.
Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouru Preto

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO:
Refinement and complexity of forms. The whimsicality of lines and ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirty.

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Originating in France, Rococo in the field of architecture was reflected mainly in the nature of the decor, which acquired emphatically elegant, sophisticatedly complicated forms.
Amalienburg near Munich.

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The image of man was lost independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative in nature. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, developed in decorative and easel chamber forms.
Antoine Watteau "Sailing to the Island of Cythera" (1721)
Fragonard "Swing" (1767)

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REALISM
Realism (French réalisme, from Late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) - aesthetic position, according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s.
Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM:
Objectivity. Accuracy. Specificity. Simplicity. Naturalness.

Slide 23

Thomas Eakins. "Max Schmitt in a Boat" (1871)
The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with creativity French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in Paris in 1855. In the 1870s. realism was divided into two main directions - naturalism and impressionism.
Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornans." 1849-1850

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Realistic painting became widespread outside France. IN different countries it was known under different names, in Russia - itinerant movement.
I. E. Repin. "Barge Haulers on the Volga" (1873)

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Conclusions:
In the art of the 17th and 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Heterogeneous in their manifestations, they still had unity and community. Sometimes completely opposite artistic decisions and images were only original answers to the most important questions in the life of society and man. It is impossible to express clearly what changes have happened to XVII century in people's perception of the world. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, surroundings and reflection of the world in movement became the main thing for the art of the 17th – 18th centuries.

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Basic literature: 1. Danilova G.I. World Art. Grade 11. – M.: Bustard, 2007. Literature for additional reading: Solodovnikov Yu.A. World Art. Grade 11. – M.: Education, 2010. Encyclopedia for children. Art. Volume 7.- M.: Avanta+, 1999. http://ru.wikipedia.org/

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Complete test tasks:
There are several answer options for each question. Answers that you think are correct should be marked (underlined or with a plus sign). For each correct answer you receive one point. The maximum sum of points is 30. The sum of points scored from 24 to 30 corresponds to the test.
Arrange the following eras, styles, movements in art in chronological order: a) Classicism;

b) Baroque;

c) Romanesque style;

d) Renaissance;

e) Realism; f) Antiquity;“The architecture of ……… (L. Bernini, F. Borromini in Italy, B. F. Rastrelli in Russia) is characterized by spatial scope, unity, and fluidity of complex, usually curvilinear forms.

Often there are large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors" a) Gothic b) Romanesque c) Baroque

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9. Representatives of classicism in painting.

a) Delacroix;
1
2
3
4

b) Poussin;

c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting.

a) Delacroix;

b) Poussin;

c) Repin. 11. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) 14-16 centuries.

b) 15-16 centuries.

If in the art of the Renaissance man is the ruler and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the chaos of the world. Mannerism covered various types of artistic creativity - architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied arts. El Greco "Laocoon", 1604 -

Uffizi Gallery Palazzo del Te in Mantua Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; the use of architecturally unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer a feeling of anxiety. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is designed in a mannerist spirit.

BAROQUE Baroque (Italian: barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the late 16th to the mid-18th centuries. in the art of Europe. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE: Splendor. Pretentiousness. Curvature of shapes. Brightness of colors. Abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.

The main features of Baroque are pomp, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, and life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, and a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Church of the Mother of God of the Sign in Dubrovitsy. 1690 -1704. Moscow.

CLASSICISM Classicism from lat. classicus - “exemplary” - an artistic movement in European art of the 17th -19th centuries. , focused on the ideals of ancient classics. Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM: Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.

The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal principles, the subordination of feelings to duty, and the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin “The Shepherds of Arcadia”. 1638 -1639 Louvre, Paris

In painting, the logical development of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain “The Departure of the Queen of Sheba” The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.

In European countries, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, it was revived in the neoclassical movements of the 19th – 20th centuries. Works of classicism architecture were distinguished by strict organization of geometric lines, clarity of volumes, and regularity of layout.

ROCOCO Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style movement in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouru Preto

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO: Refinement and complexity of forms. The whimsicality of lines and ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirty.

The image of a person lost its independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative in nature. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, developed in decorative and easel chamber forms. Antoine Watteau “Sailing to the Island of Cythera” (1721) Fragonard “The Swing” (1767)

REALISM Realism of the serpent (French réalisme, from late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term “realism” was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM: Objectivity. Accuracy. Specificity. Simplicity. Naturalness.

Thomas Eakins. “Max Schmitt in a Boat” (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in Paris in 1855. In the 1870s. realism was divided into two main directions - naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornans." 1849 -1850

Realistic painting became widespread outside France. In different countries it was known under different names, in Russia - itinerant movement. I. E. Repin. "Barge Haulers on the Volga" (1873)

Conclusions: In the art of the 17th – 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Heterogeneous in their manifestations, they still had unity and community. Sometimes completely opposite artistic decisions and images were only original answers to the most important questions in the life of society and man. It is impossible to express unambiguously what changes happened by the 17th century in people’s perception of the world. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, surroundings and reflection of the world in movement became the main thing for the art of the 17th – 18th centuries.

Basic literature: 1. Danilova G.I. World artistic culture. Grade 11. – M.: Bustard, 2007. Literature for additional reading: 1. Solodovnikov Yu. A. World artistic culture. Grade 11. – M.: Education, 2010. 2. Encyclopedia for children. Art. Volume 7. - M.: Avanta+, 1999. 3. http: //ru. wikipedia. org/

Complete test tasks: There are several answer options for each question. The answers that are correct, in your opinion, should be noted 1. Arrange the following eras, styles, movements in art in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) Renaissance; d) Realism; e) Antiquity; f) Mannerism; g) Rococo

2. Country - birthplace of Baroque: a) France; b) Italy; c) Holland; d) Germany. 3. Match the term and definition: a) baroque b) classicism c) realism 1. strict, balanced, harmonious; 2. reproduction of reality through sensory forms; 3. lush, dynamic, contrasting. 4. Many elements of this style were embodied in the art of classicism: a) antique; b) baroque; c) gothic. 5. This style is considered lush, pretentious: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism.

8. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 9. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Repin. 10. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) 14th -16th century. b) 15-16 centuries. c) 17th century. (late 16th - mid 18th century). 11. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets

12. Match the works with the styles: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism; d) rococo

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The stylistic diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries Prepared by the teacher of fine art and art of the MKOU Secondary School of the village. Brut Guldaeva S.M.

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a) Delacroix;

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ARTISTIC STYLES Style is a combination of artistic means and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

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MANNERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a direction in Western European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharp artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London

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b) 15-16 centuries.

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE: Splendor. Pretentiousness. Curvature of shapes. Brightness of colors. Abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.

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The main features of Baroque are pomp, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, and life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, and a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela Church of the Virgin of the Sign in Dubrovitsy. 1690-1704. Moscow.

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CLASSICISM Classicism from lat. classicus - “exemplary” - an artistic movement in European art of the 17th -19th centuries, focused on the ideals of ancient classics. Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM: Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.

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The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal principles, the subordination of feelings to duty, and the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin “The Shepherds of Arcadia”. 1638 -1639. Louvre, Paris

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In painting, the logical development of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain “The Departure of the Queen of Sheba” The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.

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In European countries, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, it was revived in the neoclassical movements of the 19th – 20th centuries. Works of classicism architecture were distinguished by strict organization of geometric lines, clarity of volumes, and regularity of layout.

Slide 17

ROCOCO Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style movement in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouru Preto

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO: Refinement and complexity of forms. The whimsicality of lines and ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirty.

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20 slide

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REALISM Realism (French réalisme, from Late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term “realism” was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM: Objectivity. Accuracy. Specificity. Simplicity. Naturalness.

Slide 23

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Realistic painting became widespread outside France. In different countries it was known under different names, in Russia - itinerant movement. I. E. Repin. "Barge Haulers on the Volga" (1873)

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In Europe, the process of dividing countries and peoples has ended. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences were laid: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. Scientific discoveries of the early 17th century completely shattered the image of the universe, at the center of which was man himself. If earlier art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes were also reflected in the development of art. The 17th – 18th centuries are one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of Baroque, Rococo, Classicism and Realism, which saw the world in a new way.

MANNERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera manner, style), a direction in Western European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharp artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", National. Gal., London

The main features of Baroque are pomp, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, and life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, and a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela Church of the Sign of the Virgin Mary in Dubrovitsy Moscow.

The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal principles, the subordination of feelings to duty, and the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin “The Shepherds of Arcadia” Louvre, Paris

In painting, the logical development of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain “The Departure of the Queen of Sheba” The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.

In European countries, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, it was revived in the neoclassical movements of the 19th – 20th centuries. Works of classicism architecture were distinguished by strict organization of geometric lines, clarity of volumes, and regularity of layout.

Thomas Eakins. “Max Schmitt in a Boat” (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (), who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in Paris in 1855. In the 1870s. Realism was divided into two main directions: naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornans"

Complete test tasks: There are several answer options for each question. Answers that you think are correct should be marked (underlined or with a plus sign). For each correct answer you receive one point. The maximum sum of points is 30. The sum of points scored from 24 to 30 corresponds to the test. 1. Arrange the following eras, styles, movements in art in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) Romanesque style; d) Renaissance; e) Realism; f) Antiquity; g) Gothic; h) Mannerism; i) Rococo

6. Strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images are characteristic of this style: a) rococo; b) classicism; c) baroque. 7. Works of this style are distinguished by intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, sharpness of artistic solutions: a) rococo; b) mannerism; c) baroque. 8. Insert architectural style “The architecture of ……… (L. Bernini, F. Borromini in Italy, B. F. Rastrelli in Russia) is characterized by spatial scope, unity, and fluidity of complex, usually curvilinear forms. Often there are large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors" a) Gothic b) Romanesque c) Baroque

9. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Repin. 11. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) c. b) c. c) 17th century. (late 16th - mid 18th century). 12. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets 14. Match the works of painting with the authors: a) Claude Lorrain; b) Nicolas Poussin; c) Ilya Repin; d) El Greco

Plan - lesson summary

Subject: "The emergence of new styles inXVII – XVIIIcenturies."

The purpose of the lesson:

– educational (give an idea of the main artistic styles that arose inXVII – XVIIIcenturies);

– developmental (to form the ability to understand the stylistic diversity of art, the skills of analyzing specific works of art);

– educational (to foster interest in art and develop an understanding of its value).

Equipment:

– board (designation of the topic of the lesson, names of styles, new terms, names of masters who worked in each specific style);

– laptop with speakers (for showing illustrations of artists’ paintings and listening to audio recordings).

During the classes

Organizing time.

Good afternoon, class. Today we will study new topic, which will allow us to make short review something that we will get to know in more detail in the following lessons. We will talk about the styles that appeared in European art during the Late Renaissance and developed until the endXVIIIcenturies

Make sure you have notebooks and pens on your desks as... Today you have to record a lot of important information.

Explanation of new material.

So, the topic of our lesson is “The emergence of new styles inXVII – XVIIIcenturies."(I draw the children’s attention to the topic: it is written on the board and highlighted with chalk) .

Before we begin, let's try to remember what the situation was in Western European art at the endXVIV.

Starting from its second half, the decline of Italian painting is already noticeable, and the further it goes, the stronger and stronger it becomes. The heyday is followed by an imitative period. The individual traits of brilliant masters turn into mannerisms and canons among their imitators.
Many famous masters, with all the perfection of their technique and successful approach to samples, lack a sense of proportion - the first condition of beauty and serious dignity. There is a “fallout” from the principles of painting characteristic of the Renaissance into exaggeration. This exaggeration forms the basis of a new artistic style.

Mannerism (from Latin technique, manner) (the new term and its translation are written on the board, as are the names of representatives of this style, I draw the children’s attention to these notes and ask them to transfer them to their notebooks) reflects the crisis of Renaissance ideas about the ideal.

Mannerism appeared in Italy, but very quickly became a pan-European style.

This was facilitated by 2 factors:

activities of Italian masters outside Italy;

wide distribution of paintings, graphics, engravings and prints by Mannerist masters.

The term itself belongs to the biographer and painter Giorgio Vasari, who calls it a new pictorial system, which is characterized by 3 main features:

The sharpness of the images;

Expression of poses, elongated proportions of figures;

Light and color contrasts(the above principles are also recorded by students and then analyzed using examples of paintings by artists representing the style).

All three principles were reflected in the works of mannerist masters, who are generally considered to be:

- Allesandro Allori ;

- Francesco Parmigianino;

- Jacopo Tintoretto.

Mannerists are also consideredrepresentatives of the Fontainebleau school in France andEl Greco in Spain.

In literature and music, the term "mannerism" is used more widely than in fine arts; are called mannerist literary works, which are characterized by the complexity of syllables and syntax, and the use of bizarre and fantastic images.

A striking example of this is the two-volume novel Euphues by John Lyly, which gave rise to the term “Euphuism”, meaning a highly artificial and pretentious style.

Mannerism in music is the work of Carlo di Vinosa, which is characterized by harmony, changes of tempo, and vivid expression.

Despite all of the above, very often art historians do not distinguish Mannerism as a separate style, but consider it only the early stage of one of the most ambitious movements in art.XVII – XVIIIcenturies –baroque .

Baroque is read as a synthetic style, i.e. artificially created on the basis of two previous trends - Renaissance and Mannerist. From the first he got pomp and solidity, from the second - dynamism and emotionality.

Baroque dominated European art from the endXVIto the middleXVIIIcentury and covered all types of creativity, most fully reflected in architecture and fine arts.

The term comes from the Portuguese wordbarocco what does pearl mean? irregular shape. However, in Italian there is an equivalent -baroque – lush, red, strange. Actually, these three words - lush, red, strange - defined Baroque art - bright, luxurious, drowning in gold and velvet(the term and its interpretations are copied from the board) .

Baroque made a huge impression on people, so it very soon took deep roots in Catholic countries, becoming an indispensable attribute of the power and might of the Pope. It is for this reason that the greatest monuments of Baroque architecture are churches and monasteries.

A striking example of this is St. Peter's Square and Cathedral in Rome by architects Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini.

Traditionally, representatives of the Baroque are considered:

- architects Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini

- artists Caravaggio, Carracci, Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt van Rijn (the names of the masters written on the board are copied by the children in their notebooks) .

Baroque art, both in architecture and in sculpture and painting, is characterized by:

Contrast, combination of light and shadow;

Dynamics;

Predilection for spectacular showmanship, pomp and brightness(the principles can be written down, or they can only be outlined orally, as they will be discussed in more detail in subsequent lessons) .

Multicolor sculpture, modeling, carvings, mirrors, paintings, ceiling paintings, tens of meters of silk, velvet and brocade in interior decoration - this is the extensive heritage that the Baroque left us.

All these decorative elements later helped Charles Lebrun and Louis Levo - the architect and sculptor - to bring the project to life greatest monument palace and park architecture, Versailles. But more on that later.

In the meantime, we have a centuryXVIII, its first half. The Louis Kings, monarchs of the Bourbon dynasty, seek to consolidate their power by emphasizing their “chosen” status by all available means. A huge royal court requires entertainment and luxury. They are not satisfied with the pomp of the Baroque; they need something, something less pretentious, but more elegant. A new style of “gallant celebrations” - Rococo - becomes a discovery.

Rococo (from French. rocaille – decorative motif in the shape of a shell) - this is a style or stylistic direction in the art of France in the first halfXVIIIcentury(the name of the style is copied by the children from the board along with the names of its representatives) .

The term “rococo” did not arise immediately; later they began to despise the mannerism that was inherent in the style.

Rococo is characterized by:

Graceful, sophisticated forms,

Idyllic (pastoral) or sensual scenes,

Dim colors, subtle play of light, hazy images(each of the principles is illustrated using the examples of the artists’ paintings below) .

In modern art history, four outstanding French decorative artists are considered to be representatives of Rococo:Francois Boucher, Antoine Watteau, Nicolas Lancret and Jean Fragonard .

These four painters, in the course of their work, created the style whose paintings and furniture decorated the palaces of the richest people in France for many years.

Rococo is a chamber style (small forms), mainly painting and sculpture, a significant place in it is given to DPI.

The themes of the works fluctuate within the framework of mythological and pastoral subjects.

However, excessive attraction to cupids and Venuses, beautiful shepherds and shepherdesses, ultimately ruined this style.

In the mid 50sXVIIIcentury Rococo was criticized for mannerism, excessive sensuality and absurd complication of composition.

The Age of Enlightenment crept up unnoticed and dealt a crushing blow to the principles thanks to which Rococo developed. First of all, the Enlightenment with its new ideals influenced architecture, which had never been strong point rococo. Masters began to be attracted by the rigor and tranquility of ancient, mostly Greek architecture.

The growing interest in antiquity was facilitated by the discovery in 1755 of the city of Pompeii with its rich artistic heritage, as well as the study of architecture in southern Italy. The result of new trends was a high style in art and literature called classical.

So,classicism (children copy the term from the board) - a style in literature and artXVIII– startedXIX, who turned to the ancient heritage as the norm and ideal model.

This style appeared in France, then spreading to other countries with artists and architects who were actively invited to the courts of European monarchs, as bearers of the knowledge of “absolute harmony.”

Artists, writers and architects of classicism believed that a work of art is the fruit of reason and logic, therefore it should be devoid of chaos and fluidity of forms.

Based on ancient art, the masters developed a number of principles, in accordance with which all representatives of the style pledged to create:

Depiction of high (heroic and moral) ideals;

Strict organization of logical, clear images;

Color restraint(all of these principles are demonstrated to children using illustrations of works of art by classic masters) .

It may seem that the establishment of such rigid boundaries impoverished the artistic forms of style, turning them into templates. However, it is not. It is known that it was the architects of classicism who managed to create those palaces and park ensembles that now delight the whole world.

Three outstanding architects - Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Andre Le Nôtre, and later Louis Levo, built Versailles - the brightest example of classical art.

Versailles, built of white marble, is the embodiment of all the canons of the ancient heritage. On the outside it is clarity, clarity, simplicity of form. Inside is the rebirth of the Baroque style. We will try to find out why this happened in the next lessons.

The largest representatives of classicism are:

- architects Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Andre Le Nôtre, Louis Levo;

- sculptor Antonio Canova;

- artists Jacques-Louis David and Nicolas Poussin (children copy the names of the masters in their notebooks) .

During the time of Napoleon, who saw the purpose of art in glorifying his personality and his exploits, classicism was reborn into a solemn and in many ways more integral style - the Empire style.

As for the music of the classical period, the “Viennese circle” stands out here - Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. The literature of classicism is represented by the works of Moliere and Voltaire in the West, Lomonosov, Novikovsky and Griboedov in Russia.

Summarizing.

Today we introduced you to four new styles European art, dismantled characteristics each of them, and also looked at the illustrations typical representatives. In the next lesson we will continue to study these styles, focusing in more detail on the grandest of them - Baroque.

Homework assignment.

Now write down your homework assignment. Read paragraph No. 1 in the textbook, parts 1 – 3. And think about the answer to the question: “Which styleXVII – XVIIIcenturies did you like it better?”, explain why. This is all. Thank you all for your attention, everyone is free.

Bibliography

Danilova G.I. World artistic culture: from the 17th century to the present. 11th grade Basic level: textbook. for general education institutions. – M.: Bustard, 2012. – 366, p.

Emokhonova L.G. World Art. Textbook for 10 – 11 grades. general education institutions. At 3 hours. Part 2. – M.: Education, 2012. – 255 p.

Virtual Museum of PaintingSmallBay. Electronic encyclopedia Art and History Museum/, 10/8/2016

October 8, 2016

< http:// smallbay. ru/ rocoko. html> , October 8, 2016

< http:// smallbay. ru/ classic. html> , October 8, 2016

Makeup. Skin and hair care. Manicure

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The 17th – 18th centuries are one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of Baroque, Rococo, Classicism and Realism, which saw the world in a new way.

Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London

Sophistication. Pretentiousness. An image of a fantastic, otherworldly world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Lengthening figures. Instability and difficulty of poses.

El Greco "Laocoon", 1604-1614

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b) Baroque;

d) Renaissance;

Often there are large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors" a) Gothic b) Romanesque c) Baroque

9. Representatives of classicism in painting.

b) Poussin;

c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting.

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