POSAD

POSAD, 1) in the Russian principalities of the 10th-16th centuries. a trade and craft settlement outside the city walls, which later became part of the city; sometimes P. were divided into settlements and hundreds. 2) B Russian Empire small urban villages.

Source: Encyclopedia "Fatherland"

(predgradie, suburb), commercial and industrial part of Russian cities. Their original name was “hem” (derived from the usual location of the settlement below the fortress city that stood on the mountain). From about the 13th century. behind them the name “posad” is approved. From the term “posad” comes the name of the craft and trade population of cities - posad people. Later, those commercial and industrial centers that, at their inception, did not have a fortified city, but their population belonged to the class of posad people (Sol Bolshaya, Kholm, etc.) began to be called posad. With the division of the townspeople in the 18th century. For the guild merchants and townsfolk, the name “posad” in relation to the commercial and industrial areas of cities gradually disappears from use. In the century XVIII - AD. XX centuries urban-type settlements were called posad (Gavrilov Posad from the 1770s, Mstera Posad after 1861, etc.).

Source: Encyclopedia "Russian Civilization"

Synonyms:

See what "POSAD" is in other dictionaries:

Suburb, hem, settlement, village, suburb Dictionary of Russian synonyms. posad noun, number of synonyms: 6 hem (8) according to ... Synonym dictionary

In the Russian state of the 15th-18th centuries. suburb, trade and craft, initially unfortified part of cities. In the XV-XVII centuries. the trade and craft population of P., the townspeople, belonged to the tax classes, the land in P. was considered supreme... ... Legal dictionary

1) in the Russian principalities of the 10th - 16th centuries. a commercial and industrial settlement outside the city walls, which later became part of the city; sometimes posads were divided into settlements and hundreds.2) In the Russian Empire, a small urban-type settlement ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

POSAD, Posad, husband. 1. Urban-type settlement (pre-revolutionary). 2. B ancient Rus' commercial and industrial part of the city, located outside the city fortress wall (source). Bargaining at the gate. || Suburb, outskirts of the city (obsolete). Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

POSAD, ah, husband. 1. In Ancient and Medieval Rus': the commercial and industrial part of the city, usually outside the city wall. 2. Suburb, suburb (obsolete). | adj. posadsky, oh, oh. Posad people and townspeople (noun; residents of the town in 1 meaning). Intelligent... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Posad- posad. landing Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. 527 pp.... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

This term has other meanings, see Posad (meanings). Posad (podol) originally populated area outside the Kremlin or Detinets; that part in which the city grew, where the market place and craft settlements were located. During... ... Wikipedia

A; m. 1. In ancient Rus': the trade and craft part of the city outside the city wall. 2. Outdated Suburb, suburb or urban settlement. 3. Nar. decomposition A row of houses forming a street or one side of a street in a village; order. The plantings have thinned out. ◁… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Veliky Posad, Bolshoi Posad, the name of a part of the territory of Moscow inhabited by traders and artisans. Originated in the 12th century. on the shore, under, and in. In the XII-XIII centuries. Most of Posad was located on the territory of the modern one. In the 13th century. on the… … Moscow (encyclopedia)

posad- village hell, a; but: Gavrilov Posad, Mariinsky Posad, Pavlovsky Posad, Sergeev Posad (cities) ... Russian spelling dictionary

Books

• Russian toy Album guide to the collections of the Sergiev Posad Toy Museum, Miturich S.. The sixth issue of the series “Artistic Treasures of the Russian Province” is dedicated to the collection of the Art and Pedagogical Toy Museum in Sergiev Posad (Moscow region). The museum was founded almost...

In this article we will analyze the meaning of the word "posad".

Etymology and history

It is believed that the word "posad" comes from the Polish posad. Another version is from the prefix po- and the words garden, to plant. Posads arose in the process of social division of labor. Initially they were called "hems". This name comes from the lower location of the hems relative to the fortified city.

The term "posad" began to be used around the thirteenth century. From this word came the name of the people engaged in crafts and trade - townspeople. Sometimes posads were divided into settlements and hundreds. Sloboda is a settlement whose residents were government employees. And hundreds are the administrative units of the settlement. The word has now fallen out of use.

Meanings of the term

In Ancient Rus', a posad was a craft and trading part of the city, which was located outside the wall. During wars and invasions, the inhabitants of Podol hid in the fortress. And later, as the territorial expansion of the settlements, they themselves were surrounded by fortifications (walls, ditches, ramparts). Thus, new fortified cities arose.

The Russian Encyclopedia reports that in the Russian Empire, a posad is a small urban-type settlement. It can be correlated with the modern concept of “agricultural town”.

Kuznetsov’s explanatory dictionary says that a posad is a row of houses that in a village form a side of a street or an entire street. In this meaning, the word was used by people in colloquial speech.

Later, another interpretation of the noun appeared. Posad is not a district town, an ordinary town. The administrative center was called a county town. A district translated into modern Russian is a district.

Russian city

This word has also been preserved in the names of some settlements. For example, Sergiev Posad. This is a city located in the Moscow region, which is included in Golden ring Russia in the 60s of the twentieth century. Here is a monastery belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church. And also the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

This is the largest monastery, which is the object of the World cultural heritage. It was founded by Sergius of Radonezh. It is around it that Sergiev Posad was built. The very name of the city is associated with the founder of the Lavra.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the name was changed to Sergiev, and a little later the city began to be called Zagorsk. And only in 1991 the city was returned to its original name.

The city has its own coat of arms, which depicts a tower with a church dome emerging from behind the wall. The color palette of the coat of arms includes gold, silver, blue and black.

The city is distinguished by the fact that it has many Orthodox churches and monasteries. This is the well-known Trinity-Sergius Lavra, in which Andrei Rublev wrote his “Trinity”, and the Spaso-Bethans Monastery (now it is being restored after destruction), and the Chernigov monastery (part of the Lavra where the monks lived).

Posad is a center for souvenirs and wooden toys. The city has a Toy Museum, as well as the Sergiev Posad Museum-Reserve.

The Russian Matryoshka is also considered an important attraction. It is believed that the famous souvenir appeared in this city. The matryoshka craft is still quite developed here today.

The city will become a wonderful place to visit for tourists and Orthodox believers.

Posad

1. in the Russian principalities of the 10th-16th centuries. a commercial and industrial settlement outside the city walls, which later became part of the city; sometimes posads were divided into settlements and hundreds.
2. A small urban village in the Russian Empire.

Efremova's Dictionary

Posad

1. m. outdated
   1. :
      1. The trade and craft part of the city, located behind the fortress wall (in Rus', 9th-13th centuries).
      2. Trade and craft settlement near fortified points.
   2. :
      1. Suburb, suburb.
      2. A village in such a place.

Architectural Dictionary

Posad

1. A trade and craft settlement adjacent to the outside walls of the ancient Russian city (1, 2).

2. An urban settlement in the Russian Empire.

(Terms of Russian architectural heritage. Pluzhnikov V.I., 1995)

Ushakov's Dictionary

Posad

posa d, posada, husband.

1. Settlement ( pre-rev.).

2. In ancient Rus' - the commercial and industrial part of the city, located outside the city fortress wall ( ist.). Bargaining at the gate.

| Suburb, outskirts of the city ( outdated).

Ozhegov's Dictionary

POS A D, A, m.

1. In Ancient and Medieval Rus': the commercial and industrial part of the city, usually outside the city wall.

2. Suburb, suburb (obsolete).

| adj. posadsky, oh, oh. Posad people And townspeople(noun; residents of the settlement in 1 meaning).

Moscow. Encyclopedic reference book

Posad

(Veliky Posad and Bolshoi Posad)

the name of a part of the territory of Moscow inhabited by traders and artisans. Originated in the 12th century. on the banks of the Moscow River, under Borovitsky Hill, and in Zaryadye. In the XII-XIII centuries. Most of Posad was located on the territory of the modern Kremlin. In the 13th century. One of the first Moscow monasteries, the Epiphany monastery, was built on Posad. By the end of the 14th century. The posad extended to the modern Kitaygorodsky passage. At the end of the 15th century. The townsfolk population was forced out of the Kremlin territory. In the XV-XVI centuries. courtyards of the boyars and clergy and numerous farmsteads arose in Posad. Craftsmen were pushed back to Zaryadye, merchants to Zamoskvorechye. After the construction of the Kitai-Gorod wall around Posad, it became known as Kitai-Gorod.

Dictionary of forgotten and difficult words of the 18th-19th centuries

Posad

, A , m.

1. Trade and craft part of the city outside the city wall; suburb.

* WITH Posada Podgorodnogo Kolotyrnik traders ran to the men. // Nekrasov. Who lives well in Rus' // *

POSAD, 1) in the Russian principalities of the 10th - 16th centuries. a trade and craft settlement outside the city walls, which later became part of the city; sometimes P. were divided into settlements and hundreds. 2) In the Russian Empire there are small urban-type settlements. Source: Encyclopedia... ...Russian history

Suburb, hem, settlement, village, suburb Dictionary of Russian synonyms. posad noun, number of synonyms: 6 hem (8) according to ... Synonym dictionary

In the Russian state of the 15th-18th centuries. suburb, trade and craft, initially unfortified part of cities. In the XV-XVII centuries. the trade and craft population of P., the townspeople, belonged to the tax classes, the land in P. was considered supreme... ... Legal dictionary

1) in the Russian principalities of the 10th - 16th centuries. a commercial and industrial settlement outside the city walls, which later became part of the city; sometimes posads were divided into settlements and hundreds.2) In the Russian Empire, a small urban-type settlement ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

POSAD, ah, husband. 1. In Ancient and Medieval Rus': the commercial and industrial part of the city, usually outside the city wall. 2. Suburb, suburb (obsolete). | adj. posadsky, oh, oh. Posad people and townspeople (noun; residents of the town in 1 meaning). Intelligent... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Posad- posad. landing Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. 527 pp.... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

This term has other meanings, see Posad (meanings). Posad (podol) originally populated area outside the Kremlin or Detinets; that part in which the city grew, where the market place and craft settlements were located. During... ... Wikipedia

A; m. 1. In ancient Rus': the trade and craft part of the city outside the city wall. 2. Outdated Suburb, suburb or urban settlement. 3. Nar. decomposition A row of houses forming a street or one side of a street in a village; order. The plantings have thinned out. ◁… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Veliky Posad, Bolshoi Posad, the name of a part of the territory of Moscow inhabited by traders and artisans. Originated in the 12th century. on the shore, under, and in. In the XII-XIII centuries. Most of Posad was located on the territory of the modern one. In the 13th century. on the… … Moscow (encyclopedia)

posad- village hell, a; but: Gavrilov Posad, Mariinsky Posad, Pavlovsky Posad, Sergeev Posad (cities) ... Russian spelling dictionary

Books

• Russian toy Album guide to the collections of the Sergiev Posad Toy Museum, Miturich S.. The sixth issue of the series “Artistic Treasures of the Russian Province” is dedicated to the collection of the Art and Pedagogical Toy Museum in Sergiev Posad (Moscow region). The museum was founded almost...
• Sergievsky Posad at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. , N. A. Chetyrina. The monograph is devoted to the study of a special type of urban settlements - posads. The main object of the study is Sergievsky Posad near Moscow - a settlement formed near the famous…

posad

POSAD-A; m.

1. In ancient Rus': the trade and craft part of the city outside the city wall.

2. Outdated Suburb, suburb or urban settlement.

3. Vernacular-colloquial A row of houses forming a street or one side of a street in a village; order. The plantings have thinned out.

◁ Posadsky, -aya, -oe (1-2 digits). P-th streets. Pth population. P-th lands. P-th people(in Ancient Rus': craft and trading population of cities).

Big Dictionary Russian language. - 1st of...

Posad

See Bolshoi Posad.

Moscow. Encyclopedic reference book. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia 1992

POSAD

A trade and craft settlement near the walls of a fortress, where the inhabitants of P-da hid in the event of an enemy attack. On Cossack land, Azov was considered a settlement, although within its borders were the former fortress and port and two suburbs.

Cossack dictionary-reference book. - San. Anselmo, California, USA Compiler of the dictionary G.V. Gubarev, editor - publisher A.I. Skrylov 1966-1970

Posad

Posadov,

I'll plant,

posad,

plantings,

posads

(Source: “Complete accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak”)

A, m. I. In Ancient and Medieval Rus': the commercial and industrial part of the city, usually outside the city wall. 2. Suburb, suburb (obsolete). II adj. posadsky, -aya, -oe. Posad people and townspeople (noun; residents of town in 4 meanings).

Posada, m. 1. Urban-type settlement (pre-revolutionary). 2. In ancient Rus' - the commercial and industrial part of the city, located outside the city fortress wall (historical). Bargaining at the gate. || Suburb, outskirts of the city (obsolete).

suburb, suburb, - trade and industry. part of Russian cities. P. arose and grew in the process of development of societies. division of labor, which led to the separation of industry from agriculture (see Art. City, section. Cities on the territory of Russia and the USSR). Their original name was - “hem” (derived from the usual location of P. below the fortified city that stood on the mountain). From about the 13th century. the name is approved behind them. P. From the term "P." the name came about craft trade The population of cities is townspeople. Later, P. began to be called those trade and industrial. centers, which at their inception did not have a fortified city, but their population belonged to the class of townspeople (Sol Bolshaya, Kholm, etc.). With the division of the townspeople into con. 18th century to the guild merchants and burghers called. P. in relation to trade and industry. The districts of our cities are gradually disappearing from use. In the end 18th - early 20th centuries Mountain villages were called P. type (P. Gavrilov from the 70s of the 18th century, P. Mstera after 1861, etc.).

POSAD

Sit on the landing. Psk. Prepare a dowry for the wedding. SPP 2001, 62.

Large dictionary of Russian sayings. - M: Olma Media Group V. M. Mokienko, T. G. Nikitina 2007

POSAD - 1) in the Russian principalities of the 10th-16th centuries. a commercial and industrial settlement outside the city walls, which later became part of the city; sometimes posads were divided into settlements and hundreds. 2) In the Russian Empire, a small urban-type village.

In the Russian state of the XV-XVIII centuries. suburb, trade and craft, initially unfortified part of cities. In the XV-XVII centuries. The trade and craft population of Petrograd - the townspeople - belonged to the tax classes, the land in Petrograd was considered the supreme property of the state. Private feudal estates in Petrograd ("white" settlements and courtyards) were liquidated by the middle of the 17th century.

Posad 1) in the Russian principalities of the 10th-16th centuries. a commercial and industrial settlement outside the city walls, which later became part of the city; sometimes posads were divided into settlements and hundreds. 2) In the Russian Empire, a small urban-type village.

Posad

1) suburb, suburb, trade and craft, initially unfortified part of Russian cities of the era of feudalism. Formed as a result of the development of the social division of labor, which led to the separation of crafts from agriculture and the concentration of traders and artisans in cities (see City , section Historical sketch of the city's development). The original name of these areas of the city was Podol (from the usual location below the fortress city erected on an elevated place, where the residence of the feudal state power and the courts of feudal lords), which from about the end of the 12th-13th centuries. replaced by P. In the 15-17th centuries. trade and craft population of P. - Posad people - belonged to the tax classes of the Russian state, the land in P. was considered the supreme property...