For quotation: Chuchalin A.G., Sakharova G.M., Novikov K.Yu. Practical application of programs for the treatment of tobacco addiction // RMZh. 2002. No. 4. P. 149

Research Institute of Pulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow

WITH the early 1950s accumulated a large number of studies on the health effects of smoking, revealing an association between tobacco smoking and serious pulmonary, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. A meta-analysis of these studies led to the following conclusions, which have the greatest strength of evidence.

1. Tobacco is one of the most powerful carcinogens: it causes 148 thousand deaths a year from cancer. Most cancers of the lungs, trachea, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity and esophagus are associated with tobacco use. In some cases, tobacco smoking causes the development of tumors of the pancreas, kidneys and bladder.

2. Tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases, leading to 85 thousand deaths annually from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia. Among children and adolescents who smoke, the prevalence of respiratory diseases is significantly higher than among non-smokers, they have reduced physical activity and slower lung development.

3. Tobacco smoking leads to the development of atherosclerosis and is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction, damage to cerebral and peripheral vessels.

4. Nicotine contained in tobacco is narcotic substance and causes nicotine addiction, similar in its properties to addiction to heroin or cocaine.

5. Tobacco smoking increases the risk of developing osteoporosis.

6. Passive smoking is a risk factor for non-smokers: the risk of developing lung cancer increases, the frequency of otitis media and lower respiratory tract infections increases.

7. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy leads to 5-6% of prenatal deaths, in 17-26% of cases newborns have reduced weight, the risk of miscarriages increases, and fetal growth and development slow down. Smoking during pregnancy also increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

These facts indicate that tobacco smoking is an important cause of premature death, resulting in a total loss of about 5 million years of potential life each year. On the other hand, tobacco smoking is one of the few causes that threaten people's health that can be quite easily influenced. There is a large number of studies proving that most of these risks can be reduced or eliminated by quitting smoking. A meta-analysis based on the results of these studies revealed the following statements with a high strength of evidence.

First, completely quitting smoking is acceptable for any age. For people who quit smoking before age 50, the risk of death from smoking-related diseases within 15 years is halved. The risk of death is also significantly reduced in people who quit smoking after 70 years of age. The risk of developing lung cancer is reduced by 30-50% 10 years after quitting smoking, the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and esophagus is reduced by 2 times 5 years after quitting smoking. 1 year after quitting smoking, the risks of developing myocardial infarction and death from coronary artery disease are reduced by 2 times, and after 15 years they return to the level characteristic of non-smokers.

Secondly, in people who quit smoking, mortality from COPD decreases, respiratory symptoms (cough, sputum production, wheezing), as well as the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections, decrease.

Third, pregnant women who quit smoking before 30 weeks of pregnancy have higher birth weights than women who smoke throughout pregnancy.

There are a large number of recommendations and treatments for tobacco addiction that have been used for many years. Using evidence-based medicine methods, a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of various methods used in the treatment of tobacco addiction was carried out, and the weight of evidence for each of them was determined (T. Lancaster, BMJ, 2000):

1. Nicotine replacement therapy - 1.71.

2. Conversations between doctors and medical staff - 1.69.

3. Behavioral therapy and psychotherapy - 1.55.

4. Benefits for self-study - 1,23.

5. Conditioned reflex therapy - 1.05.

6. Acupuncture - 1.03.

7. Collective lectures - 1.02.

Thus, only two methods have significant effectiveness - nicotine replacement therapy and conversations with doctors and medical staff.

On the basis of these two methods, the Scientific Research Institute of Pulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has developed a “Practical Guide for the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction”, a detailed description of which was published in the Russian Medical Journal (2001, Vol. 9, No. 21, pp. 904-910).

The manual contains three programs:

1. Long-term treatment program with the goal of completely quitting smoking.

2. Smoking reduction program.

3. A short treatment program to reduce smoking and increase motivation to quit smoking.

This article provides clinical examples of the use of each of the listed programs.

An example of a long-term tobacco dependence treatment program with the goal of complete smoking cessation

Patient N., 39 years old, smoked 30 cigarettes a day for 20 years. When assessing smoking status, special attention is paid to the very high smoking index of a person (30 pack-years), which is an extremely unfavorable prognostic factor for the development of respiratory diseases. The main motivating factors for smoking in the patient were stimulation and support in conditions of nervous tension with a very high degree of nicotine dependence, amounting to 9 points according to the Fagerström test. Good motivation to quit smoking (7 points) allowed the patient to undergo a long-term program for the treatment of tobacco addiction.

Analysis of smoking intensity during the day (Fig. 1a) showed a predominant increase in the number of cigarettes smoked in the morning, when the patient compensated for the night-time decrease in nicotine levels, as well as after meals.

Rice. 1a. Smoking intensity during the day

When conducting a functional study of the respiratory organs (Fig. 1b), a decrease in MMEF 75-25 to 41% of the expected and a characteristic concave appearance of the descending part of the flow-volume curve was noted. This, in combination with negative bronchodilator tests and medical history, indicates the presence of chronic obstructive bronchitis in the patient. The latter circumstance must be taken into account when developing individual program treatment, since exacerbation of bronchitis and a decrease in bronchial patency caused by smoking cessation can lead to a decrease in the patient’s motivation and resumption of smoking.

Rice. 1b. Flow-volume curve

Based on an analysis of smoking status, the patient was prescribed nicotine replacement therapy: basic - Nicorette chewing gum (at a dose of 4 mg every 1.5 hours), and additionally - chewing gum and Nicorette inhaler . The total daily dose of nicotine-containing drugs (NCP) was 60 mg. The regimen for taking additional therapy corresponded to the smoking stereotype developed in the patient. The intensity of NSP use during the day is shown in Fig. 1st century

Rice. 1st century Treatment provided

Along with NRT, the patient received preventive treatment for chronic obstructive bronchitis, including taking Fluimucil 600 mg per day and inhalation of Atrovent 40 mcg 3 times a day.

The treatment program lasted for 6 months, with control visits on days 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 of treatment, during which conversations were held with the patient in order to maintain and increase motivation to quit smoking, study of respiratory function and dose adjustment of nicotine-containing drugs depending on the intensity of withdrawal symptoms.

The daily dose of NSP was reduced gradually in accordance with the dynamics of withdrawal symptoms. In Fig. Figure 1d shows the dynamics of withdrawal symptoms, well-being and the dose of NSP used over the first 30 days of observation. As can be seen in the graph, drug dosage reduction was carried out only after the disappearance or significant reduction of withdrawal symptoms.

Rice. 1 year Dynamics of withdrawal symptoms and treatment

It is especially worth emphasizing the principle of reducing the dose of nicotine only after the disappearance or significant reduction of withdrawal symptoms.

Monitoring of functional parameters of external respiration throughout the entire period of treatment showed an increase in PEF by 20%, FVC by 11% and MMEF 75-25 by 9%.

The dose of nicotine-containing drugs was reduced to 30 mg per day by the 30th day of treatment, and by the 90th day the medication was stopped. The patient completely completed the tobacco dependence treatment program, abstaining from smoking for 6 months.

Example of a smoking reduction program

Patient S., 65 years old, has been smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day since the age of 49. When assessing smoking status, attention is drawn to the high smoking index of a person - 10 pack-years, which is an extremely unfavorable prognostic factor for the development of respiratory diseases. The main motivating factors for smoking in the patient were pleasant relaxation, support in conditions of nervous tension, stress relief with low nicotine dependence, amounting to 4 points on the Fagerström test, which indicates primarily the predominance of psychological dependence. Lack of motivation to quit smoking (2 points) and denial of this possibility in the future allowed the patient to undergo a program only to reduce the intensity of smoking.

Analysis of smoking intensity during the day showed a predominant increase in the number of cigarettes smoked during daytime working hours.

When conducting a functional study of the respiratory organs, a decrease in MMEF 75-25 to 62% of the expected and a characteristic concave appearance of the descending part of the flow-volume curve was noted, which, in combination with negative bronchodilation tests and medical history data, are signs of chronic obstructive bronchitis.

Based on an analysis of the smoking status and the patient’s desire to reduce the overall intensity of smoking and stop using cigarettes during work, nicotine replacement therapy was prescribed: basic - Nicorette chewing gum (at a dose of 2 mg every 2-3 hours), and additional - chewing gum and Nicorette inhaler. In this case, the patient was allowed to smoke the number of cigarettes that she needed to feel completely comfortable.

The daily dose of NSP at the beginning of treatment was 20 mg. The regimen for taking additional therapy corresponded to the developed smoking stereotype and occurred during the daytime (Fig. 2a).

Rice. 2a. Treatment provided

Along with NRT, the patient received preventive treatment for chronic obstructive bronchitis (Fluimucil 600 mg per day and Atrovent inhalation 40 mcg 3 times a day).

The treatment program was carried out for 3 months, with control visits on days 3, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 of treatment, during which conversations were held with the patient in order to maintain and increase motivation to quit smoking, study of functional indicators of external breathing and dose adjustment of nicotine-containing drugs depending on the intensity of withdrawal symptoms.

The daily dose of NSP supplemental nicotine replacement therapy was reduced gradually in accordance with the dynamics of withdrawal symptoms (Fig. 2b).

Rice. 2b. Dynamics of withdrawal symptoms and treatment

Monitoring of functional parameters of external respiration throughout the entire period of treatment showed an increase in PEF by 19% and MMEF 75-25 by 9%

By the 30th day of treatment, additional nicotine replacement therapy was gradually reduced, the dose of NSP was 10 mg per day, and by the 90th day, the drug intake was reduced to 6 mg per day. The patient completed a program to reduce smoking intensity, reducing the number of cigarettes smoked by 3 times - from 15 to 5.

Example of a short treatment program to reduce smoking intensity and increase motivation

Patient K., 32 years old, smoked 30-40 cigarettes a day for 14 years. When assessing smoking status, special attention is paid to the very high smoking index of a person - 16 pack-years. The main motivating factors for smoking in the patient were stimulation, habit, need with a very high degree of nicotine dependence, amounting to 9 points on the Fagerström test, which suggests a combination of both physical and psychological dependence. Weak motivation to quit smoking (4 points) (even though the patient did not exclude this possibility in the future) allowed the patient to undergo a short treatment program in order to reduce the intensity of smoking and increase motivation.

Analysis of the smoking stereotype showed a uniformly high intensity of smoking throughout the day.

During a functional study of the respiratory organs, no significant deviations from the expected values ​​were noted, but the somewhat concave appearance of the descending part of the flow-volume curve still indicated that the patient had an initial stage of chronic obstructive bronchitis.

Based on an analysis of smoking status, the patient was prescribed nicotine replacement therapy: basic - Nicorette chewing gum (at a dose of 4 mg every 1.5 hours) and additional - chewing gum and Nicorette inhaler. In total, the patient took NSP at a dose of 90 mg daily. The regimen for taking additional therapy corresponded to the smoking stereotype developed in the patient. The intensity of use of nicotine-containing drugs during the day is presented in Fig. 3a.

Rice. 3a. Treatment provided

At the beginning of treatment, treatment for chronic bronchitis with bronchodilators and mucolytic drugs was not carried out at the patient's request, which necessitated more detailed monitoring of functional parameters of external respiration.

The treatment program lasted for 1 month, with control visits on days 3, 7, 14, 30 of treatment, during which conversations were held with the patient in order to maintain and increase motivation to quit smoking, study of functional indicators of external respiration and dose adjustment nicotine-containing drugs.

The total dose of NSP was reduced gradually by reducing the volume of additional nicotine replacement therapy and in accordance with the intensity of withdrawal symptoms (Fig. 3b).

Rice. 3b. Dynamics of withdrawal symptoms and treatment

Monitoring of external respiratory function throughout the entire observation period showed a final decrease in PEF by 14% and a significant decrease in all speed indicators at 1-2 weeks of treatment, which necessitated the administration of foradil and fluimucil. This circumstance may indicate the need for preventive treatment of chronic bronchitis even in patients with initially normal indicators of external respiratory function.

The dose of nicotine-containing drugs by the 30th day of treatment was reduced to 60 mg by reducing the dose of NSP additional therapy. The patient has completed treatment by reducing the number of cigarettes he smokes from 40 to 15 and is preparing to begin a program to completely quit smoking.

An example of a program for the treatment of tobacco addiction with the goal of completely quitting smoking in a patient with a high degree of psychological dependence

Patient S., 51 years old, smoked 20 cigarettes a day for 30 years. When assessing smoking status, the significant index of a smoking person, equal to 26 pack-years, attracts attention. The main motivating factors for smoking in the patient were stimulation, pleasant relaxation, support, reduction and relief of tension with an average degree of nicotine dependence of 5 points according to the Fagerström test. This allows us to talk about a combination of medium physical and high psychological dependence. High motivation to quit smoking (8 points) allowed the patient to undergo a long-term program for the treatment of tobacco addiction.

Analysis of smoking intensity during the day showed a predominant increase in the number of cigarettes smoked in the morning, when the patient made up for the night-time decrease in nicotine levels, as well as after meals.

When conducting a functional study, a decrease in MMEF 75-25 to 64% of the expected value and a characteristic concave appearance of the descending loop of the flow-volume curve was noted, a negative test with bronchodilators - symptoms of chronic obstructive bronchitis.

Based on an analysis of smoking status, the patient was prescribed nicotine replacement therapy: basic - Nicorette chewing gum (at a dose of 4 mg every 1.5 hours) and additional - chewing gum and Nicorette inhaler. In total, the patient took NSP at a dose of 30 mg daily. The regimen for taking additional therapy corresponded to the smoking stereotype developed in the patient (Fig. 4a.)

Rice. 4a. Treatment provided

Along with NRT, the patient received preventive treatment for chronic obstructive bronchitis (Fluimucil 600 mg per day, Atrovent 40 mcg 3 times a day).

The treatment program was carried out for 6 months, with control visits on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th and 180th days of treatment. In Fig. Figure 4b shows the dynamics of withdrawal symptoms, well-being and the dose of nicotine-containing drugs used over the first 30 days of observation. As can be seen in the graph, the initial dose of NSP was insufficient, which was reflected in increased withdrawal symptoms, which were reduced only by increasing the dose of NSP to 60 mg per day.

Rice. 4b. Dynamics of withdrawal symptoms and treatment

Monitoring of functional parameters of external respiration throughout the entire period of treatment showed an increase in PEF by 14% and slight fluctuations in FVC and FEV 1 .

By the 30th day of treatment, the dose of nicotine-containing drugs was reduced to 40 mg per day, and by the 90th day, the use of basic nicotine replacement therapy drugs was stopped. The patient completely completed the tobacco dependence treatment program, abstaining from smoking for 6 months.

Here are the economic aspects of quitting smoking:

Treatment costs for 3 months:

Chewing gum Nicorette 19 x 230 rubles = 4370 rubles.

Nicorette inhaler 9 x 300 rubles = 2700 rubles.

Total: 7070 rubles

Savings within 3 months:

Cigarettes 1000 rubles x 3 = 3000 rubles.

Coffee 200 rubles x 3 = 600 rubles.

Total: 3600 rubles.

The payback time for the funds spent on NSP over the entire period of treatment was 6 months. During the process of quitting smoking, the patient completely stopped using instant coffee, which can also be regarded as a positive result of treatment. Overcoming the high psychological and physical dependence in this patient required long-term use of large doses of NSP, which determined the high cost of treatment. It should be noted that in all other cases described in this article, the cost of treatment was significantly lower.

The use of hardening procedures in physical education lessons has been and is widely used previously and now. To achieve a hardening, general strengthening effect, classes are held from the first days of September outdoors (weather permitting). In a sports hall, traditional school hardening techniques are also used throughout the year.

Observing students allows the teacher to draw conclusions about the benefits of classes with the systematic use of hardening techniques.

In particular, below are data on the experimental group of students; these children were enrolled in a special “health” group due to frequent somatic and colds.

The teacher’s goal in his work was to strengthen the physical health of students through the use of traditional hardening techniques. Classes with students were held 2 times a week.

The basis of the study was the initial data of the health group as of September 1, 2013. These data indicated that in a group of a total of 15 people, the incidence of colds was quite high, in particular, children spent from 35% to 50% of their school time sick. The composition of the health group and its initial characteristics by health status are illustrated in Diagram 2.1

Fig.2.1 Composition of the health group

The assumption that general physical exercises in combination with elements of traditional hardening will have an impact on improving the health of children was based on personal experience teacher and evidence from methodological literature.

To conduct the experiment, the simplest technique was chosen.

During outdoor classes, during the general warm-up period, the children remained in light T-shirts (sleeveless) for a duration of 2 minutes with an increase in intervals of 1 minute (a prerequisite for such a warm-up was the absence of strong wind). During this warm-up, the children carried out active physical work of a strength nature (lifting dumbbells weighing 1 kg).

During classes in the gym, this experience was continued and the children calmly warmed up with a lightened torso for 4-5 minutes. By the end of the year, the time of this exercise was increased to 10 minutes and here the children not only did strength exercises, but also remained in this form further during the warm-up.

A prerequisite for conducting such exercises was the voluntary consent of the child and his parents, his mood for this exercise.

When analyzing the results of this experiment during the year, the following changes were noted: in the group of boys, the incidence rate decreased compared to the previous year to 45%, and in the group of girls to 39%. Changes in the status of the group can be illustrated by the following graphs (Fig. 2.2 and Fig. 2.3).

Rice. 2.2 Reduced incidence rates in boys

Rice. 2.3 Reduced morbidity rates in girls

The average level of incidence reduction during work with the group was 12%.

Sea bathing should be carried out under control with a fixed bathing time and begin sea bathing at an air temperature of at least 19°C.

The first classes held already in the new school year showed that the children got stronger, tanned and became much more physically active, could more easily tolerate increased workload, and sweat less when performing various exercises (running, jumping, outdoor games).

conclusions

1. The human body must constantly maintain thermal balance at various external temperatures.

2. The ability to maintain thermal balance is enhanced and achieves high reliability through hardening.

3. Hardening - a set of measures to increase the body’s resistance to the effects of adverse weather and climatic conditions (low and high air temperatures, high humidity, low atmospheric pressure).

4. The processes of heat generation and heat transfer are regulated by the thermoregulation system within the limits of its recovery capabilities.

5. The mechanism of hardening is based on the fact that when the irritation is repeated, the excitation caused by it in the central nervous system is superimposed on the trace left from previous irritations, and repeated irritations merge with this trace reaction.

6. Hardening through repeated repetition of cold procedures in the same sequence causes corresponding changes in the activity of all organs and systems and makes them less susceptible to sharp fluctuations in external temperature.

6. Under the influence of hardening, first of all, the state of the nervous and endocrine systems changes, which affects their regulatory function and ability to actively interact with the environment.

7. The hardening effect should be achieved gradually and consistently. Otherwise, excessive intensity of hardening effects can cause significant harm to health due to the body’s unpreparedness for such effects.

8. Hardening is one of the important elements of getting a person into good physical shape, which contributes to his health. There is also no alternative to hardening in terms of the effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotion.

Empathy is a person’s sixth sense, the ability to intentionally feel, read emotions, feelings, sensations and states of oneself and other people, as well as understand information from one’s subconscious. We can say it differently: empathy is the ability to realize the taste of the energy born of all living things.

An empath can directly read and feel a person’s attitude:

• to oneself;
• to any other object;
• to your work;
• to your home;
• to your family;
• to your life;
• to God.

I think the point is already clear that an empath can relate to anything and anyone. How can this be applied in everyday life? We all want to know how other people, near and far, treat us. When you master empathy, this becomes accessible. No daisies or gypsies with cards are needed.

This ability will be very useful for company managers and HR managers. Empathy will help you feel connected to your staff's work. As for active sales: you yourself understand that the seller who senses the client can change the direction of his behavior on the fly for more successful promotion of his product.

This is the first practical application of empathy.

Psychosomatics

Psychosomatics (ancient Greek - soul and body) is a direction in medicine (psychosomatic medicine) and psychology that studies the influence of psychological factors on the occurrence and course of somatic (physical) diseases. Within the framework of psychosomatics, connections between personality characteristics (constitutional characteristics, personality traits, behavioral styles, types of emotional conflicts) and one or another somatic disease have been and are being studied.

Wikipedia

To put it simply, most human diseases (or rather, all except poisoning and injuries) are psychosomatic diseases. At a minimum, there is such an opinion, I will not say that this is 100% true, but look for yourself at the global nature of the issue. This means that negative emotional states a person and his negative personal relationships form diseases in him. A person who has empathy has the ability to track all these negative manifestations, even if they are hidden at the subconscious level. I was convinced of the effectiveness of this way of working with myself through personal example.

This is the second practical application of empathy.

The topic of setting and achieving goals in life or fulfilling desires

This topic is also extremely popular for many modern people. The main essence of the topic is the correct formulation and setting of goals and desires. An empath can feel the harmony of a desire or goal with the world around them. The next part of working with desires and goals is checking for non-resistance of the subconscious. An empath feels this too.

This is the third option practical use empathy.

Theme of spiritual growth

You yourself understand that it is based on harmony, that is, the harmonious state of a person. Which is achieved through harmonization inner world and external. This is a direct theme of empathy, what is what, and an empath feels disharmony a mile away.

This is the fourth use of empathy.

Theme of energy and energy practices

Subtle bodies, chakras, curses, evil eyes, envy, energy connections with people, living and dead - all this can be felt, and with enough training, an empath can literally see.

This is the fifth practical application of empathy.

• Empathy is a person’s sixth sense, the next stage of development and evolution.

Based on what opportunities and qualities open up when mastering the sixth way of perceiving the world, I think the statement that empathy opens up the possibility of one’s own development will be quite appropriate, if not to say that without empathy it is very difficult to do this. Perhaps I’ll stop here, although experienced empaths can write many more ways and options for using empathy.

This article was written because many simply do not know how and where to practically apply what they have - empathy.

Secrets of esotericism on the site

There are people who are ardent skeptics. Or those who believe in God. There is a person who doesn’t care, he doesn’t argue, he doesn’t prove. He has no time - he works, improves himself. What is esotericism? Religion? Faith in God? In people? Into the supermind? Or maybe into yourself? Many people don’t think about such things, and when they think about it, they don’t find answers to their questions.

Esoterics is secret knowledge, inaccessible to people ignorant of magic, mysticism, and the occult. At least that's what they used to be. Knowledge and skills that not everyone could have. Only the chosen ones.

After reading various feeds on the Internet, you can only get scattered data and a weak idea of ​​what esotericism is. Only by deciding to change yourself and your life for the better, by gathering your strength and taking a course of video seminars designed by specialists so that everything falls into place, can you achieve success.

The concept of esotericism and why you shouldn’t be afraid of it

Esoterics is a huge section human life, helping to find oneself through knowledge of the world. Its study is not given to everyone. After all, this is not just religion or science. This is the same thread that connects all the nuances and aspects of the ordinary world and the areas of unknown magic that surrounds us.

The very first such secret society was the Pythagorean school. It was divided into ordinary and esoteric. Her secret part took a lifelong oath of non-disclosure of what members of the society were taught. And what knowledge they received there is still unknown to humanity. Now esotericism is not hidden from everyone. There is accessible information presented in video seminars or master classes. Why are people afraid or unwilling to touch the unknown and explore unexplored areas of their own lives?

Let's consider the main criteria of human reluctance:

1. Many people do not want to learn a new religion. In fact, esotericism is not only religion, although it is closely related to it. It helps you discover yourself and your own hidden inner potential. Yes, there is religion here - faith in yourself and the world around you.
2. Lack of belief in the ability to change your life. Thought is always material. And wishes are always fulfilled. Everything is possible - you just have to believe and go through this difficult path to knowledge.
3. Reluctance to gain new knowledge, since there is already success in your personal life. Esotericism makes it possible to gain success not only in one area human activity. It allows you to balance all the criteria that are extremely important. Achieve what you want and your deepest secrets in every possible way.
4. Fearful attitude towards the concept of magic. It is worth noting that the unknown is not only magical. It's just unfamiliar. After completing the seminar, it becomes clear that what seems incredible and impossible is often considered magical.
5. Lack of free time. Naturally, it takes time and a lot of time to complete the training. But in the end, the hours spent pay off handsomely. Life balances out, everything falls into place and everything happens in its own moment.

An already established branch, science, like psychology, has long taken into account esoteric opinion. He resorts to her methods. Favors the practice of secret knowledge.

What does esoteric knowledge give?

Why is it believed that esoteric knowledge is not given to everyone? Only a select few? Because not everyone is ready to say goodbye to the old world, three-dimensional space, or the feeling of the precarious stability of their life. Each person is the architect of his own happiness. Those who understand this strive for the best.

What is esotericism - answers to the site

To transform yourself. From the inside. Starting with thoughts. And thoughts are what happens to us. Esoteric practices give people not only knowledge. They help you feel the surrounding space. Start thinking differently than before. Wake up one day and realize what is happening. What you need to do to succeed in your desired industries. Understand that the world is not three-dimensional. It is completely limitless. Consciousness is omnipotent.

Why does a person come to esotericism?

Different roads can lead to one or another knowledge. Events, people, chance? In any case, esotericism appears in a person’s life when it is needed. The reasons may be different:

1. Search for new, unprecedented sensations. When it becomes boring, the world loses its attractiveness, and those around you do not bring the same joy. Esotericism will help you look at everything in a different light, see something new and believe in a miracle.
2. Search for a treatment method. When traditional medicine is powerless. When the pills didn't help. And we are talking not only about habitual illnesses, but also about constant depression, about the disease of life itself, when, no matter how hard a person tries, he cannot achieve his goals. The man turns in desperation. And esotericism, magic, rituals help to heal.

Esotericism and magic are ancient sciences. This is knowledge accumulated over many years and centuries. This is great wisdom that anyone who really wants it can comprehend. And help yourself overcome difficulties. Free yourself from heaviness and become free. Achieve results and be happy.

It’s easier to say what esotericism is as follows. This is an attempt to explain the complex structure of the visible and invisible world and the processes that take place in these worlds and influence a person, his actions and even fate. Almost everyone has heard about the extraordinary experience of modified consciousness. Most modern commercial practices for achieving financial success, practices for fulfilling human desires or shaping events are built on this principle.

Esoteric practices are aimed at achieving a sustainable expansion of human consciousness, which would allow one to obtain a more perfect worldview. In a narrower, applied sense, all esoteric teachings are aimed at studying the inner world of man, his hidden capabilities and developing specific techniques for self-realization and spiritual development. There are esoteric movements in all world religions, although there are many independent esoteric systems.

There are theoretical worldview systems that consider only spiritual development personality through the accumulation of special knowledge and meditation practices. There are movements aimed at achieving the final result with the help of ceremonies, rituals and other things. These include the occult, which involves the use of magic, appealing to the unrecognized powers of spirits, natural forces and inhabitants of parallel worlds. Interesting attitude to the question of what esotericism is among representatives of religious systems. For example, there is an opinion that any esoteric practices are prohibited by Christianity, and turning to such knowledge or practices is regarded as a grave sin, for which severe punishments are provided.

But this attitude of the church does not stop those who see esotericism as a means to solve their life problems. This state of affairs, in our opinion, is also due to the fact that the official church imposes a strict ban without explaining the real possibilities of esoteric practices. At the same time, there are a huge number of specific rituals related to the so-called church magic, which are available for review and are widely used. To modern man It is useful to know the answer to the question: “Esotericism - what is it?”, since this is an opportunity to learn more about your internal structure, nature and the world around you. Knowing about esoteric methods of cognition, a person will not be afraid to make mistakes, and problems will not seem to him an insurmountable obstacle to happiness.

25. The results described in the previous few paragraphs were confirmed in practice, using a program written for DEUCE. In order to compensate for the expected poor conditionality of matrix B, double precision and fixed point arithmetic were used in the calculation process.

Two sequences were calculated from the relations

where it was chosen so that the Initial matrix A had elements of only single precision and during formation the scalar products were accumulated exactly with rounding after summation; this required only multiplying double precision values ​​(62 bits) by single precision values. Since the original A is used all the time, we can take full advantage of the null elements it may contain. Equations

then solved using ordinary double precision and fixed point arithmetic, and finally the coefficients

characteristic equation were calculated from the relations

using double precision and floating point arithmetic.

Attempts have been made to identify, as in § 21, a linear relationship at a very early stage; in this case, all elements less than a certain prescribed number were replaced by zeros. (In this case, it is convenient to normalize even if double-precision floating point is used all the time.) In order to cause the onset of a linear dependence, I also tried to pre-multiply the initial vector by A several times, so that the initial vector would have small components along the eigenvectors corresponding to smaller eigenvalues.

In general, my experience with these methods was not very good, and I abandoned their use in favor of computing the complete system of vectors in all cases. The results obtained in practice are as follows:

(i) For a diagonal matrix with an initial vector, the characteristic equation had 13 correct binary digits in the most accurate coefficients and 10 in the rest. We could expect such an inaccuracy, since the condition number C is of order . Using the initial vector (23.7), we obtained the most accurate coefficients with 15 correct binary digits, and the rest with 11. All derived equations are completely useless for determining eigenvalues ​​(see Chapter 7, § 6.)

(ii) For a diagonal matrix of order 21 s with an initial vector, the coefficients of the calculated characteristic polynomial had at least 30 correct binary digits, with some coefficients being significantly larger. This is equivalent to defining eigenvalues ​​with approximately 20 binary digits.

(iii) For the location, the calculated characteristic equations corresponding to several different initial vectors were in no way related to the correct equation.