Class: 5

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Class– 5 general education

The purpose of the lesson:(Slide 2)

• development of creative and cognitive activity;
• formation of practical skills to work in a small team (group);
• formation of the concept of the unity of benefit and beauty in the interior of a home and household items;
• nurturing love for the Motherland and folk culture.

Lesson type – lesson on developing skills and abilities.

Equipment and materials

For the teacher: (visual)

• illustrations depicting elements of the Russian stove, “red corner”, “upper room”, “stove corner”, household utensils;
• examples of peasant home interiors;
• multimedia projector (presentation).

Literary range: poems, fairy tales.

Musical range: folk melodies, Russian folk songs.

For students (art materials) - gouache, paper (white and colored), glue, scissors, cardboard box, various materials.

Lesson Plan 1

1. A conversation about the interior decoration of a Russian hut.
2. Statement of an artistic task.
3. Independent selection of materials for work.

Lesson Plan 2

1. Formation of groups.
2. Setting up an artistic task to create a model of the interior of a Russian hut.
3. Work in small groups.
4. Summarizing.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Children sit at desks, divided into 4 groups. Russian folk music sounds. The teacher reads poetry against the background of music. (Slide 3)

Here's a Russian hut...
In the center there is a table, a stove, an image,
The cradle is nursing the baby,
A samovar and an iron, a large chest against the wall.

Teacher's conversation.

What do you think will be discussed in class today? (about the inner world of the hut).

The title RUSSIAN IZBA appears. (Slide 4)

Imagine that we are in a real Russian hut. Let's consider the inner world of a Russian hut.

How much interesting and wise things the Russian hut has “absorbed”! Inner world Russian home was special, unique. The household items that filled it played a certain role in people's lives.

The peasant's dwelling consisted of a cage, a hut, a passage, an upper room, a basement and a closet. The main living space is a hut with a Russian stove. (Slide 5)

The hut in Rus' began with a porch, which “invited” guests to enter the house. (Slide 6) Every house necessarily had a shop. The benches and benches were different from each other. The bench was most often located along the wall and stood motionless. (slide 7)

The bench had legs and could be easily moved. If the owner of the house seated a guest on a bench, this was regarded as a sign of respect from the family. This way the guest could judge the host’s attitude towards him.

The white old woman sits in one place,
You can’t move it from corner to corner and you can’t pull it out of the hut (stove). (Slide 8, 9)

What rituals and customs were associated with the stove in Rus'? (slide 10)

It was believed that a brownie lived behind the stove - the keeper of the hearth. During matchmaking, the bride was traditionally hidden behind the stove.

Indeed, the stove is the soul of a peasant house. She is a nurse, a water provider, and a body warmer. Without a stove there is no hut.

Over time, the Russian stove acquired a lot of convenient devices. For example, a pole-shelf in front of the mouth of the stove, on which the housewife could keep cooked food warm. (slide 11) The stove was usually placed in the corner to the right or left of the entrance. The corner opposite the mouth of the stove was considered the housewife's workplace. (Slide 12) Everything here was adapted for cooking. At the stove there was a poker, a grip, a broom, and a wooden shovel. Next to the stove there was always a towel and a washstand - an earthenware jug with two drain spouts on the sides. Underneath there was a wooden basin for dirty water. On the shelves along the walls there were peasant utensils: pots, ladles, cups, bowls, spoons. As a rule, they were made from wood by the owner of the house himself.

The place of honor in the hut - the “red corner” - was located diagonally from the stove, in the far corner of the room, so that the icons were the first thing anyone saw. Entering the room, the Christian, first of all, crossed himself in front of the images and bowed to God, and only then greeted the owner. (Slide 13, 14)

The red corner was always kept clean, and sometimes decorated with embroidered towels. The most dear guests were seated in the red corner, and during the wedding - young people. According to tradition, on the wedding day the bride was taken to the wedding from the red corner.

There was little furniture in the hut - a table, benches, chests, dish shelves - that's probably all. (The wardrobes, chairs, and beds familiar to us appeared in the village only in the 19th century) (slide 15)

The main piece of furniture in the hut was the dining table. He stood in the red corner. (slide 16) On ordinary days, the head of the family sat at the dinner table. Each family member knew his place. The owner of the house sat under the icons during a family meal. His eldest son was located on the right hand of his father, the second son on the left, the third next to his elder brother. Children under marriageable age were seated on a bench running from the front corner along the facade. Women ate while sitting on side benches or stools. It was not supposed to violate the established order in the house unless absolutely necessary. The person who violated them could be severely punished. On weekdays the hut looked quite modest. There was nothing superfluous in it: the table stood without a tablecloth, the walls without decorations. Everyday utensils were placed in the stove corner and on the shelves. On a holiday, the hut was transformed: the table was moved to the middle, covered with a tablecloth, and festive utensils, previously stored in cages, were displayed on the shelves.

Peasants kept their clothes in chests. The greater the wealth in the family, the more chests there are in the hut. They were made of wood and lined with iron strips for strength. Often chests had ingenious mortise locks. If a girl grew up in a peasant family, then from an early age her dowry was collected in a separate chest. (slide 17, 18)

Benches, benches, and chests with flat lids were used for sleeping. Hanging cradles, wobbly cradles or cradles were intended for infants, which were decorated with carvings, paintings, and figured cutouts in the boards. Each family had its own lucky cradle, and if it didn’t already exist, it was made with prayers and love. And then it was passed on from generation to generation: as soon as the baby grew up, he gave way to the newborn. (Slide 19, 20)

The decoration of the peasant hut was unusually harmonious. The interior of the hut is as beautiful a creation as anything the peasant created.

Creative task.

Now let's see what illustrations you brought. Using them, come up with your own composition for the interior of the hut.

In the second lesson, students, in a box prepared in advance for the model (2 walls are removed in the box and a corner composition is made), using different materials, create a model of the interior decoration of a Russian hut, household items and labor items.

Summing up the lesson.

Students demonstrate their work. You can place brought toys into the interior, which will act as residents.

The inner world of a Russian hut (Can be used for distance learning).

Verb, purse and beam
The house was built with a carved porch,
With deliberate masculine taste
And each with his own face

V. Fedotov

In a low room with a casement window

The lamp glows in the twilight of the night:

The weak light will completely freeze,

It will shower the walls with trembling light.

The new light is neatly tidied up:

The window curtain turns white in the darkness;

The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level;

The stove collapsed into a corner.

On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods,

A narrow bench covered with a carpet,

Painted hoop with an extendable chair

And the bed is carved with a colored canopy.

Here there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is like in nature - harmonious and perfect.

Ceiling - sky, floor - earth, underground - underworld, windows - light.

In popular belief, the ceiling was associated with the sky; matitsa (middle beam supporting a wooden ceiling) personified the Milky Way. Path in the sky.

There were half-shoulders under the ceiling; peasant utensils were placed on them. The dishes were usually wooden or clay. And near the stove they reinforced a wooden flooring - a floor. They slept on the floors.

Almost every hut had a loom - red, on which women weaved.

There was little furniture in the hut, and it didn’t differ in variety - a table, benches, chests, dish shelves - that’s probably all.

For newborns, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling of the hut. The cradle was secured on a flexible pole to the mother.

Gender symbolized the earth; homespun rugs - paths sent in the direction from the door to the front windows - were a figurative expression of the idea of ​​a path-road.

The subfloor symbolized the lower, underground world.

Window-eye – connection with big world, white light. The house looked at the world through windows - eyes; it connected the world of home life with the outside world.

To illuminate the hut in the evening, a torch or kerosene lamp was used. A kerosene lamp was hung from the ceiling or placed on a table.

A simple peasant house consisted of one large room, conventionally divided into two main centers - spiritual and material.

By the material center we understand the world of objects intended for our body, health, and well-being. In a peasant house, the source of all this was the OVEN - a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer from diseases. It is no coincidence that the stove is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales.

“The peasant is smart, he put a hut on the stove,” says the Russian proverb. Indeed, the stove is the soul of a peasant house. She is a nurse, a water provider, and a body warmer. Without a stove there is no hut. The word “izba” itself comes from the ancient “istba”, “heater”. Initially, the hut was the heated part of the house. The location of the stove determined the layout of the hut. It was usually placed in the corner to the right or left of the entrance. The corner opposite the mouth of the stove was considered the housewife's workplace. Everything here was adapted for cooking. Next to the stove there are grips, a poker, shovels, which are used to place bread in the stove, a wooden tub with water, and on the shelves there are cast iron pots, pots and other kitchen utensils. The recess where the fire burns is closed by a damper. At the bottom of the stove, the oven is considered to be the house of the brownie.

In the front corner of the hut there was a red corner. This was the most honorable place - the spiritual center of the house. In the corner on a shelf stood icons decorated with a woven or embroidered towel, bunches of dry herbs, and a dining table stood nearby. In this part of the hut there were important events in the life of a peasant family. The most valuable guests were seated in the red corner at a table covered with an elegant tablecloth - a tabletop. A wide bench with a lid was built from the door to the side wall. On it, men usually did household work. They hemmed shoes, made harnesses and household utensils. Under the ceiling there were floor coverings, on which peasant utensils were placed, and near the stove there was a reinforced plank flooring - a floor. They slept in the tents, and during get-togethers or weddings, children climbed in and watched with curiosity what was happening or listened to interesting stories from adult family members about how they lived before them. Thus, passing on from mouth to mouth the history of his family and the events occurring along the way.

All significant events of family life were noted in the red corner. Here, both everyday meals and festive feasts took place at the table, and many calendar rituals took place. In the wedding ceremony, the matchmaking of the bride, her ransom from her girlfriends and brother took place in the red corner; from the red corner of her father's house they took her to the church for the wedding, brought her to the groom's house and took her to the red corner too.
During harvesting, the first and last ears of the crop were placed in the red corner. Endowed, according to folk legends, with magical powers, they promised well-being for the family, home, and entire household. According to traditional etiquette, a person who came to the hut could go to the red corner only at the special invitation of the owners. They tried to keep it clean and elegantly decorated. The name “red” itself means “beautiful”, “good”, “light”. It was decorated with embroidered towels, popular prints, and postcards. The most beautiful household utensils were placed on the shelves near the red corner, the most valuable papers and objects were stored.

Everywhere among Russians, when laying the foundation of a house, it was a common custom to place money under the lower crown in all corners, and a larger coin was placed under the red corner.

In a Russian hut, men usually worked and rested during the day in the men's half of the hut, which included a front corner with icons and a bench near the entrance. Women and children were in the women's quarters near the stove during the day. Places for sleeping at night were also allocated. Old people slept on the floor near the doors, the stove or on the stove, on a cabbage, children and single youth slept under the sheets or on the sheets. In warm weather, adult couples spent the night in cages and hallways; in cold weather, on a bench under the curtains or on a platform near the stove. Each family member knew his place at the table.

The owner of the house sat under the icons during a family meal. His eldest son was located on the right hand of his father, the second son on the left, the third next to his elder brother. Children under marriageable age were seated on a bench running from the front corner along the facade.

Women ate while sitting on side benches or stools. It was not supposed to violate the established order in the house unless absolutely necessary. The person who violated them could be severely punished. On weekdays the hut looked quite modest. There was nothing superfluous in it: the table stood without a tablecloth, the walls without decorations. On a holiday, the hut was transformed: the table was moved to the middle, covered with a tablecloth, and festive utensils, previously stored in cages, were displayed on the shelves. In a traditional Russian home, benches ran along the walls in a circle, starting from the entrance, and served for sitting, sleeping, and storing various household items. Each shop in the hut had its own name

A simple peasant hut, but how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.

• Fine art lesson
• 5th grade
• I quarter
• Topic: “The inner world of a Russian hut”
• Teacher: Zozulya Yulia Andreevna
• g.o. Krasnoznamensk

The purpose of the lesson: To form in students figurative ideas about the organization and wisdom of how a person arranges the internal space of a hut. Introduce the concept of interior, its features in a peasant home; form the concept of spiritual and material.

• Updating of reference knowledge
• - What principles were used to decorate the appearance of a peasant hut?
• - Why did people decorate their homes?

With verb, purse and timber, the house was built with a carved porch, with deliberate peasant taste, and each with its own face, in a low light with a sash window.

• In a low room with a casement window
• The lamp glows in the twilight of the night:
• The weak light will completely freeze,
• It will shower the walls with trembling light.
• The new light is neatly tidied up:
• The window curtain turns white in the darkness;
• The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level;
• The stove collapsed into a corner.
• On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods,
• A narrow bench covered with a carpet,
• Painted hoop with an extendable chair
• And the bed is carved with a colored canopy.
• L. May

In popular belief, the ceiling was associated with the sky; The mother personified the Milky Way in the sky.

• Under the ceiling there were floor covers, on which peasant utensils were placed, and near the stove there was a wooden flooring - a floor.

• Almost every hut had a weaving mill - red. Women weaved on it.

• For a newborn, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling of the hut.

Gender – earth; homespun rugs-paths sent in the direction from the door to the front windows were a figurative expression of the idea of ​​a path-road.

• Window-eye - connection with the big world, white light The stove was the basis of life, the main amulet of the family, the family hearth. “The stove is beautiful - there are miracles in the house!”

Near the mouth of the oven there are iron grips that are used to place pots in the oven and remove them. There was also a wooden tub with water near the stove.

• A simple peasant hut, but how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.

“The stove fed, gave water, treated and consoled, sometimes babies were born on it, and when a person became decrepit, it helped to withstand the brief death throes with dignity and calm down forever. A stove was needed at any age, in any condition, position. It cooled down along with the death of the entire family or home... The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”

• “The stove fed, gave water, treated and consoled, sometimes babies were born on it, and when a person became decrepit, it helped to withstand the brief death throes with dignity and calm down forever. A stove was needed at any age, in any condition, position. It cooled down along with the death of the entire family or home... The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”
• The red corner was the personification of dawn Options for the compositional placement of a peasant interior Examples of the interior of a peasant hut. List of used literature:
• List of used literature:
• Goryaeva N.A. "Decorative Toolkit to the textbook" Moscow "Enlightenment" 2003
• Nemensky B.M. “Art around us” Moscow “Enlightenment” 2004
• Nemensky B.M. " art and artistic work. Program" Moscow "Enlightenment" 2005
• www.google.ru ( The museum is a preserve of wooden architecture. Kizhi.)

• Thank you for your attention!

Target: To form in students figurative ideas about the organization, the wise arrangement by a person of the internal space of a hut.

Visual range: Drawings of the interior of a peasant home; reproductions; ICT presentation

Literary series: L. May “In a low light ...”, V. Belov - a statement about the Russian stove, children's books with illustrations of a Russian hut.

Organizing time

Preparing for the lesson. Set up for the lesson.

Updating of reference knowledge

What principles were used to decorate the appearance of a peasant hut?

Why did people decorate their homes?

Formation of new knowledge

(On the screen there is an image of a hut, frame No. 5) Russian hut... We have already met with it more than once in our lessons, and we return to this image again. Man, feeling unprotected from cosmic forces and elements, sought to create his own world, his own home - kind and cozy. We are already familiar with the pattern of the decorative elements of the hut, its design: the pediment of the hut is the forehead, the front part is the face, the windows are the eyes. The log hut is a model of the world - a combination of three cosmic elements - sky, earth and the underworld.

Verb, purse and beam
The house was built with a carved porch
With deliberate masculine taste
And each with their own face.

V. Fedotov

But let's, guys, mentally enter a peasant's home ( an image of the interior of the hut appears on the screen, frame No. 6)

In a low room with a casement window
The lamp glows in the twilight of the night:
The weak light will completely freeze,
It will shower the walls with trembling light.
The new light is neatly tidied up:
The window curtain turns white in the darkness;
The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level;
The stove collapsed into a corner.
On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods,
A narrow bench covered with a carpet,
Painted hoop with an extendable chair
And the bed is carved with a colored canopy.

Here there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is like in nature - harmonious and perfect.

The ceiling is the sky, the floor is the earth, the underground is the underworld, the windows are light.

(Frame No. 7) Ceiling associated in popular ideas with the sky; matitsa (middle beam supporting a wooden ceiling) personified the Milky Way. Path in the sky.

(Frame No. 8) There were half-shoulders under the ceiling, with peasant utensils on them. The dishes were usually wooden or clay. And near the stove they reinforced a wooden flooring - a floor. They slept on the floors.

(Frame No. 9) Almost every hut had a loom - red, on which women weaved.

(Frame No. 10) For newborns, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling of the hut. The cradle was secured on a flexible pole to the mother.

(Frame No. 11 ) Floor – land; homespun rugs - paths sent in the direction from the door to the front windows - were a figurative expression of the idea of ​​a path-road.

Underground symbolized the lower, underground world.

(Frame No. 12) Window-eye – connection with the big world, white light. The house looked at the world through windows - eyes; it connected the world of home life with the outside world.

To illuminate the hut in the evening, a torch or kerosene lamp was used. A kerosene lamp was hung from the ceiling or placed on a table.

A simple peasant house consisted of one large room, conventionally divided into two main centers - spiritual and material.

Under material center we understand the world of objects intended for our body, health, well-being. In a peasant house, the source of all this was the OVEN - a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer from diseases. It is no coincidence that the stove is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales.

Name fairy tales where the stove is an active character.

("By pike command", "Swan geese")

(Frame No. 13) “What is in the oven is all on the table,” says the Russian proverb. And what is there in it? What can you “throw” on the table? Coals and firebrands, or what? This question can only be asked by a person who has never seen a Russian stove - a heating structure that has been popular on Russian soil since the beginning of the 15th century. This stove serves not only to heat the home, but also for cooking. You can use it to dry food for future use – mushrooms, for example (and you can also dry felt boots after a winter walk). It was possible to “warm the bones” of old people on the stove - for this purpose it was equipped with a couch. You could even wash yourself in the stove. Pay attention to individual details and the shape of the stove. In front of the mouth of the furnace there was a hearth on which the cast iron pots were placed. Small depressions in the walls of the oven were used for drying splinters or, in winter, for drying mittens. Under the hearth, at the bottom of the stove, you can see a recess for storing firewood.

The furnace of the furnace (the vaulted cooking chamber) could be heated to 200 degrees, and this is a very high temperature - after all, water already boils at 100 degrees. Bakers know that this is exactly the temperature required to bake bread. Experts in Russian cuisine will add that a heated crucible retains heat for hours - which means you can “drown” milk in it, cook crumbly porridges, cook roasts. The taste of food cooked in a Russian oven is not forgotten.

(Frame No. 14) Near the mouth of the furnace there are iron grips, which are used to place cast iron in the furnace and take it out of the furnace. There is also a poker and a shovel for baking bread nearby.

(Frame No. 15) Listen, guys, how powerfully, wisely, and deeply in Russian, the writer V. Belov, an expert on peasant life, wrote about the stove: “The stove fed, watered, treated and consoled, sometimes babies were born on it, and when a person became decrepit, it helped to withstand the brief death throes with dignity and calm down forever. A stove was needed at any age, in any condition, position. It cooled down along with the death of the entire family or house... The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”

(Frame No. 16) red corner (front, large, holy) – facing southeast. The east was associated with the idea of ​​paradise, blissful happiness, life-giving light and hope; they turned to the east with prayers, spells, and incantations. The epithet “red” has a lot to do with it. Remember, the girl is beautiful...Red bench, red windows, red corner.

Red means beautiful, main. In the red corner there was a shrine, decorated with dry medicinal herbs and, on holidays, snow-white towels with embroidery and lace. The red corner represented the dawn. In this part of the hut, important events in the life of the family took place; the most dear guests were seated in the red corner, on a red bench at the table.

(Frame No. 17) A simple peasant hut, and how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.

Let's look at the image of a village hut from photographs and paintings by artists.

Practical work

Draw a fragment of the interior of the hut with the main objects.

Sequence of images of a peasant interior:

1. Options for the compositional solution of a peasant interior: image of the corner of the front wall with two adjacent side walls. (Frame No. 18)

2. fit into the interior (optional) a stove, bench, etc.

3. execution in color (practice the “log” stroke, making furnishings and household items)

Lesson summary

Analysis of student work.

Homework: Select illustrations of peasant household items.

Addition

Presentation on the topic of the lesson “The inner world of a Russian hut” -

INNER WORLD

RUSSIAN IZBA

1 . What material were huts built from in Rus'?

1 . What material were houses built from in Rus'?

2. What was the name of the part of the peasant house,

made from treated logs?

3. With what symbolic concepts

Did the peasants connect different parts of the house?

IZBA - a room heated by a stove

“The peasant was clever and put a hut on the stove.”

GODDESS

The main decoration of the house was the icon.

The icons were placed on a shelf-shrine.

In addition to the icons, the shrine also contained objects consecrated in the church: holy water, pussy willow, and an Easter egg.

OVEN is the soul of the home,

the main amulet of the family,

family hearth.

OVEN - home

brownie.

SHESTOK - a wide thick board on which

pots, cast iron pots, and household utensils were placed

Where to start drawing a Russian hut?

• Determine what you will depict: the female half, the red corner, the male half, the stove...
• Think about the layout of the drawing.
• Determine where in the drawing there will be an image of the floor, ceiling, walls.

Let's start the practical part of the lesson, read the assignment carefully.

The sequence of constructing a perspective image of a hut

When doing practical work, refer to the test on the slide. In the first lesson on this topic, you must complete a linear construction of a drawing of a hut and begin arranging household items in the graphic.

red corner

table

bench

The hut is not red in its corners,

and red with pies!

The presentation was prepared according to the program of B.M. Nemensky for an art lesson in the 5th grade on the topic “The inner world of a Russian hut.”