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“Organization of theatrical activities in a preschool educational institution” Art. teacher: Klim S.V. Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 5 of Lgov"
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“The spiritual life of a child is complete only when he lives in the world of fairy tales, creativity, imagination, fantasy, and without this he is a dried flower” V. Sukhomlinsky
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In the context of the transition to Federal State Educational Standards for preschool education, one of the main principles preschool education, reflected in the Standard: “Implementation of the Program in forms specific to children of a given age group, primarily in the form of play, cognitive and research activities, in the form of creative activity that ensures the artistic and aesthetic development of the child.” Theatrical activities in kindergarten– this is an excellent opportunity to reveal the creative potential of a child, nurturing the creative orientation of the individual.
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One of the most effective ways of influencing children, in which the principle of learning is most fully and vividly manifested, is to teach through play. By engaging in theater with children, we set ourselves the goal of making the lives of our children interesting and meaningful, filling it with vivid impressions, interesting activities, and the joy of creativity. . We strive to ensure that children can use the skills acquired in theatrical activities in Everyday life.
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Theatrical activities in kindergarten This is a good opportunity to reveal the creative potential of the child and nurture the creative orientation of the individual. Children learn to notice the world around them interesting ideas, embody them, create your own artistic image character, they develop creative imagination, associative thinking, speech, and the ability to see unusual moments in the ordinary. Theatrical activities help the child overcome timidity, self-doubt, and shyness. Thus, theater helps the child develop comprehensively.
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Theatrical activities add variety to a child's life. It gives joy to the child and is one of the most effective ways of corrective influence on the child, in which the principle of learning is most clearly manifested: learn by playing.
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In the process of theatrical games: Children’s knowledge about the world around them expands and deepens. Mental processes develop: attention, memory, perception, imagination. Various analyzers are developing: visual, auditory, speech, motor. Vocabulary, speech structure, sound pronunciation, coherent speech skills, tempo, expressiveness of speech, and the melodic and intonation side of speech are activated and improved. Motor skills, coordination, smoothness, switchability, and purposefulness of movements are improved. The emotional-volitional sphere develops, children become familiar with the feelings and mood of the characters, and master ways of expressing them externally. Behavior correction occurs. A sense of collectivism and responsibility for each other develops, and the experience of moral behavior is formed. The development of creative, search activity, and independence is stimulated.
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Using theatrical activities in the system of educating children in preschool educational institutions, we solve a set of interrelated problems in all educational areas according to the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education.
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System of work on organizing theatrical activities Subject-spatial development environment Long-term planning and implementation Theater classes Theatrical performances, entertainment, project activities Interaction with teachers Interaction with parents Working with children Interaction with society
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Organization of work on theatrical activities in kindergarten, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, can be included in all regime moments: be included in any organized educational activity; V joint activities children and adults in their free time (in the content of holidays, entertainment and leisure); be carried out in the independent activities of children.
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Main areas of work with children in preschool educational institutions Theater game– historically established social phenomenon, an independent type of activity characteristic of a person. Rhythmoplasty includes complex rhythmic, musical, plastic games and exercises designed to ensure the development of natural psychotropic abilities of preschool children, freedom and expressiveness of body movements, and the acquisition of a sense of harmony of one’s body with the outside world. Culture and speech technique combines games and exercises aimed at developing breathing and freedom of the speech apparatus. Fundamentals of theatrical culture - this section of the work is designed to introduce children to basic concepts and professional terminology theatrical arts. Work on the performance is based on the author's plays and includes familiarization with the play, fairy tale, as well as work on the performance - from sketches to the birth of the performance.
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THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THEATERIZED PLAY CONSISTE IN THE CHILD’S GRADUAL TRANSITION: - from observing an adult’s theatrical production to independent play activity; - from individual play and “side-by-side play” to play in a group of three to five peers playing roles; - from imitation of folklore and literary characters to imitation of actions in combination with the transmission of the main emotions of the hero and mastering the role as the creation of a simple “typical” image in a dramatization game.
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Forms of organizing theatrical activities Joint theatrical activities of adults and children, theatrical activities, theatrical games at holidays and entertainment. Independent theatrical and artistic activity, theatrical play in everyday life. Mini-games in the classroom, theatrical games-performances, mini-scenes with dolls during the study of the regional component with children, involving the main doll - Parsley - in solving cognitive problems.
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The content of work with children on theatrical activities includes: Exercises in diction (articulation gymnastics); Tasks for the development of speech intonation expressiveness; Transformation games, imaginative exercises; Exercises for the development of children's plasticity; Rhythmic minutes; Finger play training; Exercises to develop expressive facial expressions, elements of pantomime; Theater sketches; Acting out mini-dialogues, nursery rhymes, songs, poems; Watching puppet shows.
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Director's games STAND THEATER Theater on flannelgraph HORSE PUPPETS TABLE THEATER THEATER ON THE HAND THEATER OF MASKS THEATER LIVING PUPPETS DRAMATIZATION GAMES DRAGING nursery rhymes songs Children's creativity small fairy tales literary texts
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Promotes the development of speech, attention, memory; forms spatial representations; develops dexterity, accuracy, expressiveness, coordination of movements; increases performance and tone of the cerebral cortex. Finger Theater
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Picture theater, flannelograph and magnetic board Develop Creative skills; Promote aesthetic education; They develop dexterity, the ability to control their movements, and concentrate attention on one type of activity.
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Cone, table theater Helps teach children to coordinate hand and eye movements; Accompany finger movements with speech; Encourages you to express your emotions through facial expressions and speech.
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Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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“Types of theaters in preschool educational institutions” Prepared by teacher: Tatyana Aleksandrovna Kuts, 2015
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Theater is a magical land in which a child rejoices while playing, and in PLAY he learns about the WORLD! .
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Target theatrical activities in kindergarten To form and improve the speech abilities and skills of children; develop the ability to speak freely and relaxed in front of an audience; develop communication skills; develop facial expressions, expressive movements, intonation expressiveness of speech; create conditions for interaction (parents-teachers-children) in organizing theatrical activities in the group.
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PICTURE THEATER The flannelgraph is designed specifically for CHILDREN NOT ONLY TO LISTEN TO THE FAIRY TALE, BUT ALSO TO SEE ITS CHARACTERS. When telling a fairy tale, they lay out the characters on the flannelgraph in the order in which they appear. In the same way, you can use a magnetic board and paper figures - heroes of fairy tales
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Finger games provide a wonderful opportunity not only to play, but also to develop fine motor skills. Playing with finger puppets helps the baby better control the movements of his own fingers. By playing with adults or in the company of peers, the child masters communication skills and plays out various life situations with dolls that develop the child’s imagination.
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Theater BI - BA - BO! The whole hand is already working in this theater! In this case, the actor’s index finger goes into the doll’s head, and the thumb and middle finger into the sleeves of her costume. The movements of her head, arms, and torso are carried out using movements of the fingers and hand. Glove puppets are very mobile and expressive. Bibabo puppets usually operate on a screen behind which the puppeteer hides.
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TABLE THEATER. Toys for such a theater should be small and light so that a child can hold them in his hands, and preferably stable so that the child can easily change the characters and scenery of the scene.
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SHADOW THEATER Here the interest arises: what will the viewer see? Unlike a screen with life-size puppets, the “actor” himself sees (from the shadow side) what he creates and can consciously regulate the puppet process. Shadow theater has “magic” similar to the creation of a black and white cartoon.
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THEATER OF MASKS IN IT - each child takes on the role of a certain hero and is in the IMAGE - MASK. He has already learned to be aware of himself - like a hero, with the habits that correspond to him, he controls his body and does not clamp down (especially his hands, which are always visible, he already controls them as in the finger theater). He positions himself on stage in certain mise-en-scènes - like in a theater on a table (knowing that he must face the viewer - not to block another character). He knows that there is an order in which heroes appear (picture theater). He conducts a dialogue with another character according to the text, realizing that the development of the plot depends on this and he realizes how it approximately looks from the outside (Volume thinking of the shadow theater).
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Equipping the theater corner of an early age group. Attributes in accordance with the content of imitation and round dance games: masks-caps, shaped aprons, badges-emblems. For teacher games with children and surprise moments: “finger” theater (knitted the entire length of the child’s finger), cane puppets, dolls (images of people, animals), bibabo theater. To show children dramatizations of fairy tales (“Teremok”, “Turnip”, “Hen Ryaba”, “Zayushkina’s Hut”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”): a picture theater, a tabletop theater of plane toys. Equipping a theater corner for junior group Carpet (flannelograph). Various types of theater: picture theater (“Three Bears”, “Kolobok”, “Hedgehog and the Bear”, “Hare and Geese”), parsley theater (“Who said meow?”, “Ryaba Hen”), shadow theater (“Fox and the hare"), a toy theater and a "finger" theater for performing works of small forms of folklore. Costumes, masks, theatrical and play attributes for acting out the fairy tales “Turnip”, “Ryaba Hen”, “Kolobok”, “Teremok”. Small screen for table theater. Attributes for mumming are elements of costumes (hats, scarves, skirts, bags, umbrellas, beads, etc.). Attributes in accordance with the content of imitation and round dance games: masks of wild and domestic animals (adults and cubs), masks of fairy-tale characters.
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Equipping a theater corner for middle group Theatrical and play equipment: large and small screens, fences, simple decorations made by children. Rack-hanger for suits. Costumes, masks, wigs, attributes for staging 4-5 fairy tales. The group has different types puppet theater: picture theater, finger theater, glove theater, parsley theater, marionette theater, shadow theater of figures and masks, cane puppets, puppets with a living hand. Attributes in accordance with the content of imitation and round dance games: masks of wild and domestic animals (adults and cubs), masks of theatrical characters. Large folding screen, small screen for tabletop theater. Rack-hanger for suits. Costumes, masks, attributes for staging two or three fairy tales. Puppets and attributes for playing out the same fairy tales in various types of theater (plane on flannelgraph, rod, puppet, tabletop, glove). Attributes for "Colorful Tales". Theater of Mathematics.
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Equipping a theater corner for senior group Theatrical and play equipment: large and small screens, fences, simple decorations made by children. Rack-hanger for suits. Costumes, masks, wigs, attributes for staging 4-5 fairy tales. The group has different types of puppet theater: picture theater, finger theater, glove theater, parsley theater, marionette theater, shadow theater of figures and masks, cane puppets, puppets with a living hand. Toys for theatrical games meet basically the same requirements as at the previous age stage. However, puppets with a basic control system are additionally recommended here; soft, on strong threads, commensurate with the child’s height.
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Organization of theatrical activities in preschool educational institutions in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards of preschool educational institutions Prepared by teacher Kuruts V.D. 2016 THE THEATER IS A MAGICAL LAND IN WHICH A CHILD HAS HAPPY PLAYING, AND IN PLAY HE EXPERIENCES THE WORLD!
When we engage in theater with children, we set ourselves the goal of making our children’s lives interesting and meaningful, filling it with vivid impressions, interesting activities, and the joy of creativity. We strive to ensure that children can use the skills acquired in theatrical activities in everyday life. One of the most effective ways to influence children, in which the principle of learning is most fully and clearly manifested, is to learn by playing.
What is the purpose of theatrical activities? To develop sensations, feelings, emotions among its participants; For the development of thinking, imagination, attention, memory; To develop imagination; On the formation of strong-willed qualities; For the development of many skills and abilities (speech, communication, organizational, motor, etc.)
The influence of theatrical play on the development of a child’s speech Dramatic play: Stimulates active speech through expansion vocabulary; The child learns the richness of his native language, its means of expression (dynamics, tempo, intonation, etc.); Improves the articulatory apparatus; Dialogue, emotionally rich, expressive speech is formed.
participate in any organized educational activity; in joint activities of children and adults in their free time (in the content of holidays, entertainment and leisure); be carried out in the independent activities of children. Organization of work on theatrical activities in kindergarten, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, can be included in all regime moments:
A new approach to organizing theatrical activities - Theatrical activities, which are based on the principle of providing all children with equal opportunities. - Providing the child with the opportunity to show initiative and independence when choosing a role and character for his hero.
Director's games STAND THEATER Theater on flannelgraph HORSE PUPPETS TABLE THEATER THEATER ON THE HAND MASK THEATER LIVING PUPPET THEATER DRAMATIZATION GAMES DRAGING nursery rhymes songs Children's creativity small fairy tales small literary texts
Child's speech and types of theater Finger theater Promotes the development of speech, attention, memory; forms spatial representations; develops dexterity, accuracy, expressiveness, coordination of movements; increases performance and tone of the cerebral cortex.
Stimulating your fingertips, moving your hands, and playing with your fingers speed up the process of speech and mental development
Picture theater, flannelograph and magnetic board Develop creativity; Promote aesthetic education; They develop dexterity, the ability to control their movements, and concentrate attention on one type of activity.
By working with various pictures, the child develops fine motor skills, which contributes to more successful and effective speech development.
Cone, table theater Helps teach children to coordinate hand and eye movements; Accompany finger movements with speech; Encourages you to express your emotions through facial expressions and speech.
Theater on the glove Has an amazing therapeutic effect: helps fight speech disorders, neuroses; Helps cope with worries and fears; The glove puppet conveys the full range of emotions that children experience.
Bi-ba-bo puppet theater Through a doll placed on their hand, children talk about their experiences, anxieties and joys, since they completely identify themselves (their hand) with the doll.
When playing puppet show, using Bi-ba-bo dolls, it is impossible to play silently! Therefore, it is these dolls that speech therapists, psychologists and teachers often use in their work!
Dramatization game The most “conversational” type of theatrical activity. This game has a holistic impact on the child’s personality: his emancipation, independent creativity, and the development of leading mental processes.
No other type of theatrical activity contributes as much to the development of artistry, expressiveness of movements and speech as dramatization play
Theatrical scenes with masks-caps Parents' meeting "Moidodyr"
Theatrical scenes with masks-caps Mushroom Glade
Theatrical scenes with masks-caps “TURNIP”
Origami Theater Clothespin Theater
DOLLS ON THE GAPIT. THE SIMPLE GAPIT IS JUST A STICK INSERTED INTO A TOY. SHADOW PLAY
Planned results Children master expressive speech skills, rules of behavior and etiquette for communicating with peers and adults. Show interest and desire for theatrical art. They are able to convey various feelings using facial expressions, gestures, and intonation. They independently perform and convey images of fairy-tale characters. The subject-spatial development environment of the preschool educational institution has been supplemented various types theaters, manuals, drawings, card files of creative games. Close contact has been established with parents.
Theatrical activity is... ...not just a game! This is an excellent tool for the intensive development of children's speech, enriching vocabulary, developing thinking, imagination, and creative abilities.
The importance of theatrical activity Theatrical activity allows you to decide
many pedagogical tasks related to
expressiveness of the child's speech,
intellectual and artistic and aesthetic education.
Theatrical activities – inexhaustible
source of development of feelings, experiences and
emotional discoveries, a way to connect with
spiritual wealth.
As a result of theatrical activities
a child experiences the world with his mind and heart, expressing
your attitude to good and evil; knows joy
associated with overcoming communication difficulties,
self-doubt.
emotions
small
artist
Teatralizova
naya
activities
b
Theater assistant
education
Speech development,
fantasies,
imagination
We are becoming
bolder
(confidence,
looseness)
We're getting smarter
(memory,
intelligence,
resourcefulness,
horizon)
We are becoming
kinder
Tasks for speech development: 1. Replenishment and activation of the dictionary (due to words denoting the names of objects, actions, signs); 2. Z
Speech development tasks:1. Replenishment and activation of the dictionary (for
counting words denoting the names of objects,
actions, signs);
2. Consolidating the skill of using a straight line
and indirect speech;
3. Improving monologue and
dialogical forms of speech;
4. Fostering a culture of verbal communication,
ability to act in concert
team. Active in theatrical activities
dialogue develops as a form
socialized (communicative) speech.
The stage dialogues are perfect,
“correct”, that is, verified
chronological, logical, emotional.
Memorized during preparation for the performance
children use literary figures of speech
subsequently as finished speech material in
free speech communication.
Theatrical game Objectives: To teach children to navigate in space, to be evenly placed around the site, to build a dialogue with a partner on the basis of
Theater gameObjectives: Teach children to navigate
space, evenly distributed throughout
site, build a dialogue with a partner on
given topic. Develop ability
voluntarily tense and relax
individual muscle groups, remember words
heroes of performances, develop visual
auditory attention, memory,
observation, imaginative thinking,
fantasy, imagination, interest in
performing arts.
Rhythmoplasty
Objectives: Develop skills
arbitrarily react to
team or musical
signal, readiness
act in concert
develop coordination
movements, learn to remember
given poses and figuratively
pass them on.
Main areas of work with children
Work on the play
Culture and technique of speech
Objectives: To develop speech breathing and
correct articulation, clear
diction, varied intonation
logic of speech; learn to write short
stories and fairy tales, select the simplest
rhymes; pronounce tongue twisters and
poems, expand your vocabulary.
Objectives: Learn to compose sketches based on
fairy tales; develop action skills
with imaginary objects;
develop the ability to use
intonations expressing
various emotional
states (sad, happy,
angry, surprised, delighted,
plaintively, etc.).
Forms of organizing theatrical activities When choosing material for staging, you need to build on age capabilities, knowledge
Forms of organizationtheatrical
activities
When choosing material for staging, you need
based on age capabilities, knowledge and
children's skills, enrich their life experience,
stimulate interest in new knowledge, expand
creative potential:
1Directly organized educational
activity:
- theater class;
-dramatic play in other classes
2. Educational activities in progress
regime moments:
- theatrical play;
-dramatization game;
3 Independent theatrical and artistic
activities, theatrical games in everyday life
life.
The subject-spatial environment provides joint theatrical activities for children and is the basis for independent creativity.
Subject-spatial environmentprovides joint
theatrical activities for children,
is the basis of independent
creativity of every child, unique
form of his self-education.
The diversity of theaters contributes to
increasing children's interest in
theatrical activities. The problem is actively discussed in pedagogy and psychology
relationship between personality and creativity.
Preschool pedagogy today is looking for ways to develop children in
purely children's activities as opposed to learning
school type.
It is the game that should be primarily used
teachers.
L.S. Vygotsky defined play as a leading activity
V preschool age. L.I. Bozovic considers it necessary
so that leading activities constitute the main
content
the lives of the children themselves.
Thus, the game is a kind of center around
which the main interests are concentrated and
children's experiences.
Theatrical activity is a type of
games. Theatrical activities in kindergarten
organizationally can permeate all regime
moments: to be involved in all classes, in joint
activities of children and adults in their free time,
be carried out in the independent activities of children.
Theatrical activities can be organically
included in the work of various studios and clubs;
theatrical products
(staged performances, dramatizations, performances, concerts and
etc.) may be included in the content of holidays,
fun and sweet Fridays. Of all types of puppet theater in kindergarten
The most popular are:
- theater of pictures (on flannelgraph, cardboard,
table).
- theater of toys and parsleys (glove)
According to the method of control, theatrical puppets are divided into two
The main types are riding and floor.
The horse ones are those that the puppeteer controls
from behind the screen.
In turn, they come in glove and cane types.
Floor dolls “work” on the floor, puppeteer
controls them in front of the audience.
Floor puppets include puppets and large (life-size)
dolls Theater activities are presented in
preschool educational institution
puppet theater and theatrical
games,
which are divided into two groups:
director's games and dramatization games. Directing games in preschool educational institutions include:
1. tabletop theatrical games:
- tabletop toy theater (theater
walking, conical (or cylinder, box)
- tabletop theater of pictures (theater of toy toys, can theater (on mugs,
transparent glasses), plane theater)
2. bench theatrical games:
- stand-book,
- shadow theater,
- theater on flannelgraph.
Theater on hand.
Finger theater – promotes better control of the movements of your own fingers.
Puppet theater on the table - promotes mastery of the technique of controlling tabletop theater puppets (puppets made of paper cones, cylinders, boxes
Puppet theater on the table – promotes ownershiptabletop theater puppet control technology
(dolls made from paper cones, cylinders, boxes.
Toy Theater
Conicaltheater Can Theater Planar
theater Flat theater "Hare-boast". Theater
walking
Shadow play
Puppet showTheater on flannelgraph: can be used as independent entertainment as part of educational activities
dramatization games
Types of dramatization are:games that imitate images of animals, people,
literary characters;
role-playing dialogues based on text;
staging works (rhymes, small
fairy tales, songs, short literary texts;
staging performances in one or more
works (dramatic performance,
musical and dramatic performance, children's opera,
performance based on choreography, performance
rhythmoplasty, pantomime, musical). Dramatization games in preschool educational institutions include:
Dramatization games with fingers - attributes
the child puts it on his fingers, but, as in the dramatization,
acts for the character himself.
(For example, fairy tales “The Turnip”, The Goat and the Seven Little Goats”,
"Swan geese".
Such tales can be shown by two or three children,
which are located behind the screen).
Dramatization games with bibabo dolls - in these games
a doll is put on the fingers. The movements of her head
arms and torso are carried out using movements
fingers, hands.
Kostanay қlasy әkimdigіnіn "қostanay қlasy әmdigіnіn bilim bөliminіn No. 3 Bөbekia-bahasas" Memlekttіk Kommunaldyk qsinalyk kuporn.
State communal government enterprise "Nursery-garden No. 3 of the akimat of the city of Kostanay of the education department of the akimat of the city of Kostanay"
Prepared by: teacher
Kusherbaeva Z.B. “The theater is a magical land where a child enjoys playing and learns the world through play.”
S.I.Merzlyakov Theatrical game - This creative game . She represents acting out in faces literary works (fairy tales, short stories, specially written dramatizations). The heroes of literary works become
actors, and their adventures, life events, changed by children's imagination - the plot of the game. Theatrical activities in kindergarten This is a good opportunity to reveal a child’s creative potential and nurture a creative personality. Children learn to notice interesting ideas in the world around them, embody them, create their own artistic image of a character, they develop creative imagination, associative thinking, speech, and the ability to see unusual moments in the ordinary.
Theatrical activities help the child overcome timidity, self-doubt, and shyness. Thus, theater helps the child develop comprehensively. Theatrical activities Brings variety to a child's life.
Gives joy to the child and is one of the most effective ways of corrective influence on the child, in which it is most clearly manifested teaching principle: learn by playing. During theatrical games: - Children's knowledge about the world around them expands and deepens.- Mental processes develop: attention, memory, perception, imagination. - Development of various analyzers occurs: visual, auditory, speech, motor.- Vocabulary, speech structure, sound pronunciation, coherent speech skills, tempo, expressiveness of speech, melodic and intonation side of speech are activated and improved. - Motor skills, coordination, smoothness, switchability, and purposefulness of movements are improved.- The emotional-volitional sphere develops, children become familiar with the feelings and mood of the characters, and master ways of expressing them externally. - Behavior correction occurs.
- A sense of collectivism, responsibility for each other develops, and the experience of moral behavior is formed. Games that imitate images of animals, people, literary characters; Role-playing dialogues based on text; Staging of works; Staging performances based on one or more works; Improvisation games with the acting out of a plot (or several plots) without prior preparation.
Main areas of work with children in preschool educational institutions Theater game- a historically established social phenomenon, an independent type of activity characteristic of humans. Rhythmoplasty includes complex rhythmic, musical, plastic games and exercises designed to ensure the development of natural psychotropic abilities of preschool children, freedom and expressiveness of body movements, and gaining a sense of harmony of one’s body with the outside world. Culture and technique of speech combines games and exercises aimed at developing breathing and freedom of the speech apparatus. Fundamentals of theatrical culture – This section of the work is intended to introduce children to elementary concepts and professional terminology of theatrical art. Work on the play is based on the author's plays and includes an introduction to the play, a fairy tale, as well as work on the performance - from sketches to the birth of the performance.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THEATERIZED PLAY CONSISTE IN THE CHILD’S GRADUAL TRANSITION: - from observing a theatrical performance by an adult to independent play activity; - from individual play and “side-by-side play” to play in a group of three to five peers playing roles;- from imitation of actions of folklore and literary characters to imitation of actions in combination with the transfer of the main emotions of the hero and mastering the role as the creation of a simple “typical” image in a dramatization game.
Types of theater in kindergarten: - finger theater; - toy theater - puppet theater, screen (bi-ba-bo); - table theater; - picture theater; - nesting dolls-fairy tales; - theater of masks; - theater made of cardboard; - cone theater.
The role of the teacher in organizing and conducting theatrical games:- set fairly clear objectives; - quietly transfer the initiative to children; - organize joint activities; - do not leave questions unattended; It is very important for a teacher to take an individual approach to each child.
A game should be a school of such activity in which subordination to necessity appears not as imposed from the outside, but as corresponding to the child’s own initiative, as desired. S.I.Merzlyakov in its own way psychological structure is a prototype of future serious activity - life .