What an amazing theme – “Lost Time”. Lost... It seems to me that you can lose some thing, but time... However, if you think about it, we lose it very often. Try to analyze your day - minute by minute. Have you counted your wasted precious minutes? A lot of them? I think yes...Lost time takes its revenge . Do you have any doubts? I will prove my point by turning to fiction.

Argument 1 – “The Tale of Lost Time” by Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz

Argument 2 – I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”

We can conclude - words of Richard Whately, an English writer who said: " Lose one hour in the morning, and you’ll be looking for it the rest of the day.”

The topic is the same: Lost time

The past has smell, taste and color,

The desire to teach, influence and mean,

And only one thing, unfortunately, is missing -

Opportunities to reinvent yourself.

So writes the Russian and Israeli writer Igor Mironovich Guberman, who became widely known thanks to his aphoristic and satirical quatrains - “gariks”.(Introduction – 40 words)

Indeed, each of us has a past, present and future, and all three times are interconnected. Therefore, when building the future, a person must think about his actions, his attitude towards people, his profession, and the world around him. You can’t waste time on empty talk, lying on the couch, madly getting money, doing nothing, and most importantly, you can’t cheat on yourself.A person must understand that lost time is a lost life . (thesis – 64 words).Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view.(clip – 9 words)

1 Argument – ​​Anton Pavlovich Chekhov’s story “Ionych”

2 Argument – ​​poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Duma”

I look sadly at our generation!

His future is either empty or dark,

Meanwhile, under the burden of knowledge and doubt,

It will grow old in inaction.

We are rich, barely out of the cradle,

By the mistakes of the fathers and their late minds,

And life already torments us, like a smooth path without a goal,

Like a feast at someone else's holiday.(fragment of a poem)

Conclusion.

What conclusion did I come to when reflecting on the topic “Lost Time”? Time is our treasure, which we do not value and waste. By rushing life or slowing it down, a person misses the most important thing - life itself. Those who are accustomed to putting everything off for later will be punished: the loss of time will result in emptiness, loneliness, a feeling of restlessness, and early aging of the soul and body. It’s not for nothing that Petya Zubov, the hero of E. Schwartz’s fairy tale, after passing all the tests, states: “A person who wastes time in vain does not notice how he is aging.” Let's listen to his words...(80 words)

This is how you can start your essay... Or finish it

Time is a mirage, it shortens in moments of happiness and stretches in hours of suffering. (R. Aldington)

The new becomes old

then the years will fly by -

And the old will be replaced by the new:

it was so, it will always be so. (Rudaki)

If time is the most precious thing, then wasting time is the biggest waste. (B. Franklin)

Time moves slowly when you're following it... It feels like it's being watched. But it takes advantage of our absent-mindedness. It is even possible that there are two times: the one we follow and the one that transforms us. (A. Camus)

Keep time! Guard him any hour, any minute. Without supervision, it will slip away like a lizard. Illuminate every moment with an honest, worthy accomplishment! Give it weight, meaning, light. (T. Mann)

It takes one day for some major evil to come to light, but it takes several centuries to wipe it off the face of the earth. (L. Blanki)

Those who do not remember their past are doomed to relive it again (D. Santayana, American philosopher).

The most ominous of all earthly sounds is the ticking of a clock. (V. Soloukhin)

A person who dares to waste an hour of time has not yet realized the value of life. (Charles Darwin)

“Time is so fast when you are in a hurry to get somewhere, and so slow when you are waiting for something” (Jason Statham)

“Happy people don’t watch the clock” (A.S. Griboyedov)

If the present tries to judge the past, then it loses the future. (W. Churchill).

Even the richest man cannot buy back his past. (O. Wilde)

Choosing time means saving it. (Francis Bacon, English materialist philosopher)

Time heals all wounds. (Russian proverb)

The future is acquired in the present. (Samuel Johnson, English writer, author of The English Dictionary)

Happy people count time in minutes, while for unhappy people it lasts for months. (James Fenimore Cooper, American writer)

Unified State Examination arguments on literature on various problems: a selection to help teachers and students

In the essay-reasoning of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language (task 25), the examinee must express his opinion on the problem raised by the author in the source text, agreeing or disagreeing with the author’s position (K4). We provide a table of topics and arguments of the Unified State Examination on them.

Having formulated your own position, you need to select specific examples-illustrations based on the reader’s personal experience; to introduce them into the text of the essay-argument, you can use the following phrases :

• To prove the validity of all of the above, I will give the following literary example. Let's remember the story / novel / play ... (the author is indicated and the title of the work is given). In this work.../ The main character This work is distinguished by...
• Russian classical writers spoke about this repeatedly in their works. Let's remember the story / novel / play ... (the author is indicated and the title of the work is given). In this work...
• Confirmation of this can be found in fiction...
• A similar attitude (action) is found in books (novels, stories, short stories)…
• As evidence (confirmation), examples can be given from...
• Indeed (indeed, certainly)…
• Remember... from...

Move to second argument:

• The following literary example, it seems to me, is another additional argument in favor of the fact that...
• Let me give you another literary example that shows...
• The writer speaks about how important... in his story/novel/play...

The work presents examples and illustrations from the works of classical writers and modern authors for argumentation own opinion on some problems encountered in the original Unified State Exam texts In Russian.

Problems of Unified State Exam essays and examples-illustrations for arguing your own opinion

Literary examples-illustrations for arguing your own opinion

The role of nature in human life

Nature gives a person harmony, strength, tranquility, and helps cure mental fatigue.

• L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” (episodes “The Sky of Austerlitz”; “Old Oak”)

• Looking in high sky Austerlitz, the wounded Prince Andrei realizes that the previous aspirations for glory, for human love are vanity and therefore insignificant. He becomes disillusioned with the exclusivity of the individual.

• The description of the old oak helps the reader to perceive the condition of Andrei Bolkonsky. The first meeting with the oak tree took place when Prince Andrei, in a depressed state of mind after being wounded at Austerlitz and the death of his wife, goes to the Ryazan estates of his son. The surrounding nature is consonant with the hero’s state. At the sight of a dead, unblooming oak tree that he encountered in a birch grove, he comes to the hopeless conclusion that his life, like the life of the old giant oak tree, is over: “Our life is over!”

But now Andrey, renewed, full of joyful feelings, again drives past the birch grove, the surrounding nature is in harmony with his cheerful mood. Looking at the blossoming oak tree, Andrei comes to the conclusion: “No, life is not over at 31.”

The problem of nature perception

People endowed with a poetic feeling have access to a deeper understanding of nature, associated with a special worldview.

• L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” (episodes “Night in Otradnoye”, “Winter Christmas Eve”)

• Pictures of a moonlit night in Otradnoye emphasize the poetic nature of Natasha Rostova, who subtly senses the magical charm of the surrounding nature. Impressed by what she saw, Natasha wants to strain and fly.

• On a winter Christmas night, when the Rostov mummers go to the Miliukovs, the emotional and receptive Nikolai feels the unusualness of the situation: the familiar winter forest becomes fantastic, fabulous, mysterious for him. Natasha experiences the same feelings. Nature in this episode is a celebration of young feelings.

• Nature in these episodes is so piercingly beautiful that it elevates a person above the everyday and prosaic, lifts and inspires.

The problem of the relationship between man and nature (ecology) (how does scientific and technological progress affect the relationship between man and nature?)

Often nature becomes for people just a means of solving material problems; consumer attitude towards nature is fraught with catastrophic consequences for both environment, and for the person himself; caring attitude towards nature is the civic duty of every person to the country and its culture.

• Ch. Aitmatov “The Scaffold”

• Ch. Aitmatov talks about the environmental tragedy that occurred in the unique Mayunkum savannah. Carrying out the meat procurement plan, man barbarously destroys all living things that come his way while hunting saigas.

• V. P. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”

• The writer knows that it is necessary to shoot game for hungry geologists, that people need fish, forests, and water energy. But at the same time he thinks about how to preserve nature for future generations.

Modern teenagers are different from their parents because they live in a different era, today’s time is different; however, their views and morals deserve respect, so adults must learn to understand their children, and then the gap between them will disappear.

Adult children often do not understand that over time, the expression of love for parents must change, because elderly parents need effective help and care.

• I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” (worldview conflict between Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov)

• The disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov touched on the main issues on which revolutionary democrats and liberals disagreed: the choice of path further development countries, liberal denunciation and overthrow of the foundations of the autocratic serfdom system, understanding of materialism and idealism, attitude towards science, art, and people.

All the principles of Pavel Petrovich boil down, in essence, to the defense of the old system. The principles of the nihilist Bazarov also ultimately boil down to one thing - to destroy this order.

Education should not be reduced only to mental development; the pupil should be instilled with moral standards of behavior and accustomed to socially useful work.

• DI. Fonvizin "Nedorosl"

• Expanding on the topic of education, Fonvizin speaks through the mouth of Starodum that education should be the key to the well-being of the state. The nobles need to be educated as citizens, as progressive and enlightened figures of the country, the writer believes.

• M.A. Bulgakov " dog's heart"(Professor Preobrazhensky - Doctor Bormental - Sharikov)

• Philip Philipovich, trying to educate Sharikov with words, often loses his temper from the unheard-of rudeness of the “pupil”, breaks into a scream, he does not convince, but orders, this causes even greater resistance from the “student”. Dr. Bormental, having taken up the education of Sharikov, uses other methods: he is cold-blooded and restrained in his relations with the “student”. Sharikov listens to Bormental because he is afraid of him. But fear does not give rise to respect, but to hatred. How should a person be raised? We see that neither one nor the other theory has stood the test in practice. Sharikov hears only what corresponds to his aspirations laid down by nature; it is impossible to educate him - neither with a stick nor with a carrot.

The problem of personality development

The desire for moral self-improvement, the desire to “be quite good, to bring good to people” gives its results.

• L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

• The path of Pierre Bezukhov’s ideological quest is not easy. Having gone through the realization of the mistakes made in the search for the truth and meaning of life: the idle life of a social reveler, an unhappy marriage with Helen, a duel with Dolokhov, disappointment in Freemasonry, he realized that he could not indifferently see the suffering of other people. While in captivity, Pierre comes to the conviction: “Man was created for happiness.”

• M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” (the path of Ivan Bezdomny)

• The story of the Master, his tragic fate led Ivan to the understanding that he lives in a country of tyranny and lawlessness, where talent, conscience and truth are being destroyed. The meeting with the Master helped Ivan Bezdomny gain faith, intelligence, and realize his ignorance and delusions. He begins to evaluate his work differently, considering his own poems “monstrous.” As a result of great spiritual work, Ivan assimilates cultural traditions and becomes enlightened. Now he is Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrov, the ideological successor and spiritual heir of the Master, an employee of the Institute of History and Philosophy.

• K.D. Vorobyov “Killed near Moscow”

• K. Vorobyov shows the path of the Kremlin cadet Lieutenant Alexei Yastrebov to victory over himself, over the fear of death, to self-confidence. The feeling of responsibility for the fate of the Motherland forces Alexei to be demanding of himself, to worry and think about everything that happens to him and the cadets of his company. This feeling helps him overcome the fear that he experienced in the night battle, survive the death of Captain Ryumin, who died in his arms, and survive everything that happened to his company. Alexey, at the limit of his strength, rises towards German tank and gains victory not only over the enemy, but also over himself, over the fear of his own death.

It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person without teaching him to respect his ancestors and the history of the country.

• A.T. Tvardovsky

• In a poem “I was killed near Rzhev...” the poet talks about the importance of memory of those killed in the war.

• In the poem "By right of memory" A. Tvardovsky asserts the human right to memory. A poet who experienced the tragedy of “double fatherhood,” when loyalty to the “father of nations” was proven at the terrible cost of renouncing one’s own father:

Forget where you came from,

And realize, don’t force it:

To the detriment of love for the father of nations -

Any other love

warns his contemporaries:

Who hides the past jealously

He is unlikely to be in harmony with the future.

Tvardovsky is convinced: it is necessary to remember your roots, your relatives and loved ones - this is not just a right, but also a human responsibility. We have no right to lose sight of anything. As long as we remember, our ancestors, their deeds and exploits are “alive.” Memory is a person’s privilege, and he cannot voluntarily give it up to please anyone.

• A. Voznesensky “Rov”

• A. Voznesensky, in the poem “The Ditch,” with pain in his heart, talks about the crime of people who, in pursuit of money, succumbing to “greed,” forgetting about the sacred memory of the victims of the war, tear up the ditch where the Nazis during the war dumped the bodies of executed civilians. The poet talks about the severance of spiritual and moral ties between generations.

True love is the highest state of a person’s soul, the ability to overcome selfish, possessive motives for the sake of another person; true love comes to those who are able to live for the sake of another.

• A.I. Kuprin " Garnet bracelet»

• The lonely, poor telegraph operator Zheltkov, who had been unrequitedly in love with Princess Sheina for eight years, experienced great happiness - to love. He loves truly, passionately, unselfishly. Zheltkov is grateful to Vera Nikolaevna for arousing this wonderful feeling in his heart.

The Problem of True Friendship

True friendship implies spiritual closeness and selfless dedication.

• V.L. Kondratyev "Sashka"

• V. Kondratyev talks about Sashka’s front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodya, whom he met on the way to the hospital. Sashka accepts Volodya’s guilt for throwing a plate at the fat major, who comes to the evacuation hospital to calm down the soldiers dissatisfied with the food. Sashka understands that Volodya will not be forgiven for this act, he will be punished to the fullest extent of wartime, but he, an ordinary soldier, will not be punished strictly - they will not send him beyond what has become customary.

The problem of jealousy (What is jealousy?)

Jealousy is a natural feeling, which, on the one hand, is associated with disbelief in oneself, and on the other, with distrust of the one you love; Through the renunciation of selfishness, a true feeling of love is acquired and jealousy is overcome.

• M.Yu. Lermontov "Masquerade"

• In the drama M.Yu. Lermontov's "Masquerade" unfounded jealousy leads Arbenin to the murder of Nina, whom he truly loves and whose feelings he values.

People living in a big city, succumbing to the fast pace of life, are immersed in their worries, so a person often feels lonely.

• A.P. Chekhov "Tosca"

• An ingenuous story told by A.P. Chekhov makes you think about the loneliness of a person in a big and noisy city. The unfortunate old cab driver Iona Potapov, deeply worried about the death of his son, seeks in vain for sympathy from people. But no one wants to listen to him and share the bitterness of loss with him. And only the horse, calmly chewing hay, was able to pour out his grief.

The problem of honor and dignity

Honor, dignity - true values which are confirmed by actions.

“Defense of the Motherland is defense of one’s dignity” (N.K. Roerich).

• A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

• “Take care of your honor from a young age,” this is the instruction Pyotr Grinev’s father gives when sending his son to the army. Pyotr Grinev strives to fulfill his father's wishes. During the defense Belogorsk fortress he behaves like a brave officer, honestly performing his duty.

• M.Yu. Lermontov "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov"

• In “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov” M.Yu. Lermontov shows the enduring value of honor. Kalashnikov is a merchant whose aspirations, it would seem, should be limited to profitable trade. But when the honor of the family is hurt, when it is trampled upon human dignity, he enters into a mortal duel with the Tsar's guardsman.

• V.L. Kondratiev "Leave for injury"

• Despite the lieutenant's shoulder straps, Volodka, the hero of V. Kondratiev's story “Leave for Injury,” at first did not know how to fight and command and was afraid. To hide his fear, he thoughtlessly climbed ahead, so he killed a lot of people and in vain. His dignity as a soldier and commander is born from a feeling of guilt towards those who died because of his stupidity and cowardice. From the sight of front-line Moscow, communication with Muscovites, from love for him and his own feelings, from his mother’s carefully hidden fear for his life. He returns to the front, to his own people, although there is an opportunity to stay in the rear. And he is not driven by the need to assert himself in his own eyes and the eyes of others. He goes to protect everyone with whom his leave for injury brought him together: Moscow, his mother, Muscovites, Yulka, Tonya.

Music (art) can not only be enjoyed, it gives a person joy, consoles him in difficult times, helps him realize that he is not alone in the world; makes a person think, awakens feelings, calls to action.

• V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

• Through the simple music of the groom Joachim Petrus, the hero of the story by V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician,” deprived of sight from birth, discovered the life of the people, the beauty native land, found agreement with himself and others. His eyes remained blind, but his soul was healed.

• Gleb Mekhed "Violinist"

• The hero of Gleb Mekhed's story "The Violinist" Ignatius Semenovich Muzov is a lonely man, an unsuccessful violinist, trying to hide from the prose of life in the world of music, which "undividedly owned his soul." In painful moments for him, he took the violin out of the case and was transported to “the world of Music, far from the chaos of life, lost in eternity, where wonderful and bright images lived.”

1. Aitmatov Ch.T. Scaffold: Novel / Preface. E. Surkova. - M.: Young Guard, 1987.

4. Bulgakov M.A. The Master and Margarita: A Novel. - M.: “Svarog”, 1994.

5. Bulgakov M.A. Heart of a Dog: A Novel. Stories. Stories. - M.: ZAO Publishing House EKSMO-Press, 2000. (Series “Russian Classics”).

5. Voznesensky A. Rov: Roman-newspaper, 1989, No. 21/22.

6. Vorobyov K.D. Killed near Moscow. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2008. - (Schoolchildren’s Library).

7. Kondratyev V.L. On the Ovsyannikovsky field: Stories, stories. - M.: Izvestia, 1985. (Series: Library of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples”)

8. Korolenko V.G. The Blind Musician: A Tale. - M.: Children's literature, 1973.

9. Kuprin A.I. Olesya; Duel; Garnet bracelet. - M.: Fiction, 1984.

10. Lermontov M.Yu. Selected works / Editorial board: G. Belenkiy, P. Nikolaev and others; Comp., intro. article and notes V.Korovina-M.: Fiction, 1987. (Teacher's Library).

11. Mehed G. Violinist: Roman-newspaper, 2006, No. 11.

12. Pushkin A.S. Essays. In 3 volumes. T. 3. Evgeny Onegin. Novels and stories. Travel to Arzum. Note K.I. Tyunkina. M.: Fiction, 1978.

13. Tvardovsky A.T. By right of memory: Roman-newspaper, 1989, No. 21/22.

14. Tolstoy L.N. War and Peace: Collected Works in twelve volumes. - M.: Pravda Publishing House, 1987. Volumes 1 - 4.

15. Trifonov Yu. Another life. - M.: Izvestia, 1979. (Series: Library of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples”).

16. Turgenev I.S. Selected works / Editorial Board: G. Belenkiy, P. Nikolaev, A. Ovcharenko and others; Comp., intro. article by V. Shcherbina; note comp. section "Applications" Vl. Kataeva. - M.: Fiction, 1987. (Teacher's Library).

17. Fonvizin D.I., Griboedov A.S., Ostrovsky A.N. Selected works / Editorial Board: G. Belenky, P. Nikolaev, A. Puzikov; Comp. and entry article by V. Turbin; Comp. section “Applications” by Yu. Dvinskaya. - M.: Fiction, 1989. (Teacher's Library).

18. Chalmaev V.A. “My word, don’t break into a groan...” Konstantin Vorobyov: at the origins of the people's war.

18. Chekhov A.P. Novels and stories. The Cherry Orchard./ Comp. E.M. Zhezlova. - M.: Moscow worker, 1979.

1. Baronova M.M. Russian language. Unified State Exam-Textbook. - M.:AST: Astrel; Vladimir: VKT, 2011.

2. Davydov S.I., Severenko Yu.D. Russian literature. - M.: “Higher School”, 1965.

3. Dolinina N.G. Through the pages of “War and Peace”: notes on L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” / Fig. A. Slepkova. - Ed. 3rd. - L.: Children's literature, 1989.

4. Drabkina S.V., Subbotin D.I. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing for the Unified State Exam. Russian language. Tutorial. - Moscow: Intellect-Center, 2015.

5. Zolotussky I.P. There, at war. - Literature at school No. 2, 1995.

6. Eremina O. The theme of memory in the lyrics of A.T. Tvardovsky. - Literature No. 15, 2004.

7. Kogan A. ...Lived and died like a soldier. About Vyacheslav Kondratiev, his life and work, his difficult fate. - Literature at school No. 2, 1995.

8. Kuznetsova M.S. “This eternal, kind music that makes you want to live so much”: the story of Gleb Mekhed “The Violinist”: 11th grade. - Literature at school with the application “Literature Lessons No. 8, 2009.

9. Pashchuk N., Terentyeva N., Kulikova V.. Problems of the century in Russian literature of the 20th century. - Literature No. 15, 2000.

10. Russian literature: Textbook for 9th grade of secondary school / Ed. Prof. B.I. Bursova. 8th edition. - M.: “Enlightenment”, 1975.

11. Ryzhova T.V. M.A. Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog” in lessons in the 8th grade. - Literature at school No. 6, 1995.

12. Chalmaev V.A. “My word, don’t break into a groan...” Konstantin Vorobyov: at the origins of the people's war. - Literature at school No. 4, 1998.

13. Shapiro N. The problem of education in D.I. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor.” - Literature No. 17, 2004.

14. Shvets T. “Defense of the Motherland is defense of one’s dignity” (N.K. Roerich). - Literature No. 17, 2004

15. Yagupova N.P. What kind of house did Ivan Bezdomny find? "Master and Margarita". - Literature at school No. 2, 1998.

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Unified State Examination arguments on literature on various issues: a selection to help teachers and students
Unified State Examination arguments on literature on various issues: a selection to help teachers and students In the Unified State Examination essay in the Russian language (task 25), the examinee must express his opinion on
http://pedsovet.su/liter/5691_literaturnye_argumenty_ege_po_problemam

The problem of caring for time (Arguments of the Unified State Examination)

Russian Soviet writer D.A. Granin in the text presented for analysis raises the important problem of caring for time.

Granin based his thoughts on his impressions of reading a work, the author of which is not indicated. It impressed Daniil Alexandrovich so much that he decided to continue the thoughts he liked. Granin talks about the transience of time, about how people treat it differently. Some business people They think that they are the masters of time, but this is not so. In fact, time commands man. I especially liked the idea that time is wealth, just like natural resources.

I support the writer’s point of view and I think that those who learn to save precious time will become a happier and more successful person in life.

In this regard, I am reminded of the work of E.A. Shvarts “The Tale of Lost Time.” This is an instructive story for all children who waste the time allotted for studying. Boys and girls who were just having fun and playing without work suddenly turned into decrepit old people And only good deeds and the fight against their own laziness brought the children back to childhood.

The Soviet writer M.S. Shaginyan has an interesting essay in which she appeals to young people to save precious time. The author writes that many young men and women “kill” it. Years later, the no longer young man understands that time, the time allotted for education and development of oneself as an individual has been missed. Therefore, you need to spend every minute, every hour of your youth and youth for the benefit of yourself and your family.

Thus, the text by D.A. Granin is quite instructive and, it seems to me, is intended primarily for me and my peers. I understand that life is not endless, which means that we need to study and work in order to fully realize ourselves.

Source:
The problem of caring for time (Arguments of the Unified State Examination)
An essay on the topic The problem of respecting time according to the author Arguments of the Unified State Exam also exist summary works
http://www.kritika24.ru/page.php?id=9449

Time problem arguments

The author of the novel focuses on time, comparing the era of Christ and contemporary Moscow at the end of the twenties of the twentieth century. Despite the passing of two thousand years, people still remain the same greedy, selfish, glory-hungry adulterers. Time has not changed human nature. He is as susceptible to all sins as at the beginning of time. But time has passed, and it’s time to become better. However, all Muscovites crave the same thing as Judas, they suffer from the fear of losing their post, like Pilate, they lie and profit, like Likhodeev. Time is a useless category if a person does not change... Alas!

In his poem, the author tried to present an image of probably the most cruel time in which he had the fate to live to the lyrical hero. Remembering his own fate and the fate of his father, the author writes about the treachery of the “father of nations,” who hid fear and hatred of dissident citizens of his fatherland behind his words.

Children have long since become fathers,

But for everyone's father

We were all responsible

And the trial lasts for decades,

And there's no end in sight.

The court of time is the most cruel and at the same time fair court. Only visible from a distance true face time.

And for nothing they think that memory

Doesn't value itself

That the duckweed of time will drag on

No, all the old omissions

Now it’s my duty to finish speaking.

The category of time in the story has a very important compositional meaning. The entire plot of the story is based on time. One day, which combines a moment that decides not only the moment, but the whole life. Starting with Ivan Denisovich getting up half an hour before the general wake-up call, ending with the moment of falling asleep and counting down his days in prison. But time is still a manageable category, the authorities moved the rise to an hour earlier, thereby creating the illusion of time management. In fact, everything is decided not by time, but by the will and discipline of a person who is able to put into a minute the whole meaning of life, to gain freedom while in prison.

Time is an important category for a person. It moves unstoppably, shortening our stay on earth. It seems that there is still a lot of time ahead, but a person cannot predict what awaits him tomorrow. The mortal and self-confident Berlioz talks arrogantly about time. In a conversation with Woland, he declares his plans for the evening, at which the devil laughs, denying the possibility of realizing these plans. And only the survivor, Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev (Bezdomny), realizes the full truth of Woland’s statements. Everything that happens in the park on the Patriarch’s Ponds is almost instantaneous, but what role did these events play in everyone’s life?

2. A.S. Pushkin "Shot"

In Belkin's Tales, a special place is occupied by the story of Silvio, a desperately brave, daring man who devoted his life to the idea of ​​vengeance. One day, having experienced humiliation from a person more successful and even more daring, he decides that it is necessary to take revenge on the offender at all costs. Having retired, he settles in a remote corner, waiting for the moment when he can strike a retaliatory and necessarily fatal blow. Years pass before he learns that his opponent has married the woman he loves. He returns for his once missed shot. The moment that passes during a repeated duel lasts seconds, but for the count at whom the pistol is pointed, a whole life passes. Subsequently, he tells the landowner Belkin how he realized in a few minutes his whole life and all the bad things he did to his opponents.

3. I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco"

The main character of this story by Bunin is deprived of a name, because this man thought very well of himself. In his opinion, he had the right to superiority over everyone else ordinary people, that's why the author calls him master. He “worked” throughout his life, as Bunin writes, and this was very clear to all the workers brought from China, working for pennies, in fact, for food and shelter. My whole life was devoted to accumulation in order to one day taste the joy and sweetness of being on vacation in Europe. However, life cannot be planned. Upon arrival in Cyprus, the gentleman suddenly becomes ill. Within a few minutes he dies without ever tasting the joy of life. But the hero living on this sun-drenched island is “Lorenzo, a tall old boatman, a carefree reveler and a handsome man, famous throughout Italy,” who never thinks about profit and life for the future, enjoys the sun and the joy of existence given to him by God.

The author of the novel focuses on time, comparing the era of Christ and contemporary Moscow at the end of the twenties of the twentieth century. Despite the passing of two thousand years, people still remain the same greedy, selfish, glory-hungry adulterers. Time has not changed human nature. He is as susceptible to all sins as at the beginning of time. But time has passed, and it’s time to become better. However, all Muscovites crave the same thing as Judas, they suffer from the fear of losing their post, like Pilate, they lie and profit, like Likhodeev. Time is a useless category if a person does not change... Alas!

2. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"

Time in the play is blurred, as if people have frozen in their development and are not going to move forward. The comedy presents three generations: the past represented by Firs, Ranevskaya and Gaev, the present by Lopakhin, and the future by Anya Ranevskaya. It was Anya, not Petya Trofimov. The past is something that has become obsolete, gone into oblivion, Firs, living in the era before the abolition of serfdom, Gaev, talking about actions, but almost like Oblomov, unable and unwilling to do anything to change the world and his own life. Ranevskaya, giving “gold” to a beggar when there is nothing in the house for either the servants or household members. They all live in a dream world, past memories of the serfdom. The present master of Lopakhin’s life is too ephemeral: his years are numbered, what he has accumulated, albeit through labor, will be declared a national treasure, but today he is a winner. Only Anya, a seventeen-year-old girl, is ready for change. She knows that her future depends on her ability to work, her ability to earn money and make this world different. “Teacher” Petya Trofimov raised a citizen of the twentieth century - the century of change.

3. A.T. Tvardovsky “By right of memory”

In his poem, the author tried to present an image of probably the most cruel time in which the lyrical hero had the fate to live. Remembering his own fate and the fate of his father, the author writes about the treachery of the “father of nations,” who hid fear and hatred of dissident citizens of his fatherland behind his words.

Children have long since become fathers,
But for everyone's father
We were all responsible
And the trial lasts for decades,
And there's no end in sight.

The court of time is the most cruel and at the same time fair court. Only from a distance can the true face of time be seen.

And for nothing they think that memory
Doesn't value itself
That the duckweed of time will drag on
I love any true story
I love any pain.
No, all the old omissions
Now it’s my duty to finish speaking.

4. A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"

The category of time in the story has a very important compositional meaning. The entire plot of the story is based on time. One day, which combines a moment that decides not only the moment, but the whole life. Starting with Ivan Denisovich getting up half an hour before the general wake-up call, ending with the moment of falling asleep and counting down his days in prison. But time is still a manageable category, the authorities moved the rise to an hour earlier, thereby creating the illusion of time management. In fact, everything is decided not by time, but by the will and discipline of a person who is able to put into a minute the whole meaning of life, to gain freedom while in prison.

Sample Topics and works of the final essay direction "Time"

" Stop, just a moment! You're wonderful!" ( I. Goethe)

V. Krupin “Drop the bag!”

Poems by S. Yesenin

Yu. Yakovlev “Awakened by nightingales.” (The mischievous, restless Selyuzhonka was once awakened by nightingales in a pioneer camp. Angry, with a stone in his hand, he decides to deal with the birds, but freezes, enchanted by the nightingale’s singing. Something moved in the boy’s soul, he wanted to see, and then portray a forest wizard And even though the bird he made from plasticine does not even remotely resemble a nightingale, Seluzhonok experienced the life-giving power of art. When the nightingale woke him up again, he raised all the children from their beds so that they too could hear the magical trills. The author claims that the comprehension of beauty in nature leads to. comprehension of beauty in art, in oneself.)

D.S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful” (In the book, the famous Russian publicist discusses the need for a person to feel happiness. Likhachev believes that it is necessary to maintain a joyful attitude towards life under any circumstances. )

" Happy Hours don't watch"

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

I.A.Bunin:

We always only remember about happiness.

And happiness is everywhere. Maybe it's

This autumn garden behind the barn

And clean air flowing through the window.

M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”

A. Kuprin “Sulamith” (King Solomon, by the power of his love, turned Sulamith, a simple

A girl from the vineyard, to be a queen...)

“For lovers, the clock usually runs forward.” ( William Shakespeare)

« The only measure of time is memory » (Vladislav Grzegorczyk)

Chingiz Aitmatov called a person who does not remember his kinship, who has lost his memory, mankurt (“Stormy stop”). Mankurt is a man forcibly deprived of memory. This is a slave who has no past. He does not know who he is, where he comes from, does not know his name, does not remember his childhood, father and mother - in a word, he does not recognize himself as a human being.

M. Bulgakov. “The Master and Margarita” The power of good, the human power that Yeshua embodies, is that he sees the soul of another, understands him and tries to help him. This is what first of all strikes Pilate with the prisoner. Yeshua performed the greatest miracle: he gave a place in his soul to a person who threatens his life, who could become his executioner,” - he loved him! Humanity remembers both of them, only for different reasons

The measure of life is not how long it lasts, but how you live it used. (M. Montaigne)

A.P. Chekhov "Gooseberry". Chimsha-Himalayan

And, dreaming of an estate with gooseberries, he is malnourished, denies himself everything, marries for convenience, dresses like a beggar and saves money. He practically starved his wife to death, but he achieved his dream. How pitiful he is when he eats sour gooseberries with a happy, self-satisfied look!

History is the best teacher who has the worst students. (I. Gandhi)

M. Tsvetaeva writes:

Brothers, this is the Ultimate Bet!

For the third year now, Abel has been fighting with Cain...

People become weapons in the hands of power. Dividing into two camps, friends become enemies, relatives become strangers forever.

M.M. Sholokhov “Don Stories”. Sholokhov is one of those who spoke about the Civil War as the greatest tragedy that had dire consequences. For Sholokhov, the Civil War is a catastrophe in which human connections. There are no right and wrong here, which means there can be no winners. But, apparently, history really has bad students, and again Civil War...

" Which patriot, which nation he belonged to he wouldn't want to tear out a few pages from national history?"(

P. Vyazemsky)

Sentence state system based on injustice and lies, A.I. Solzhenitsyn makes in the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”

A.A. Akhmatova "Requiem"

Sholokhov “Don Stories” In “Don Stories” Sholokhov expressed his entire attitude to the terrible events of the civil war, which was a tragedy of the Russian people. War is destructive for both sides in general and is triple tragic when brother fights against brother, neighbor against neighbor, against each other. For a nation, a civil war is a great tragedy, since it does not bring any positive progressive results, such as national liberation wars. Such a war brings only irreparable losses, cripples souls, divides loved ones into “friends” and “enemies”, which can become a member of one’s own family - father, son, brother, brings senseless, unjustified cruelty, an outburst of the most cruel, dark and gloomy emotions.

" History is the witness of time, the light of truth, life of memory, teacher of life, messenger antiquity." Marcus Tullius Cicero

A.T. Tvardovsky in his poem “By Right of Memory” calls for a rethinking of the sad experience of totalitarianism.

A.A. Akhmatova “Requiem”. This poem is evidence of real events, “the light of truth”

A. Tvardovsky knew about the war firsthand, but all his life he felt guilty before those who

Didn't return:

I know it's not my fault

The fact that others did not come from the war,

The fact that they are

Who is older, who is younger -

Stayed there

And it’s not about the same thing,

That I could have them

But I couldn’t save it, -

This is not about that, but still, still, still...

This poem is about those who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. But does it matter

Meaning? The main thing is that in a war, whether Finnish, German, Chechen or some other,

People are dying. Isn't this a warning for humanity?

O. Ermakov “The last story about the war.” Having been in the war, the hero of the story, Meshcheryakov, did not learn to kill, but the war still poisoned his life. She firmly took a place in his memory, a memory

they didn’t leave the memory of her for a minute

In I. Bunin’s story “Antonov Apples,” the image of a village that is associated with “an early, fresh, quiet morning” is vividly and colorfully presented. The author’s thoughts are turned to the past, in which there remains “a large, all golden, dried up and thinned garden” with “maple alleys”, where you can enjoy the “subtle aroma of fallen leaves and the smell of Antonov apples, the smell of honey and autumn freshness..."

" History is a witness to the past, an example and a lesson for the present, a warning for future." (Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra)

I.S. Turgenev “Mumu” ​​When reading the story, bright pages of our country’s past arise before us

Rasputin V.G. "Farewell to Matera." The ancient village is endowed historical memory, the loss of which is tantamount to death for the inhabitants.

This novel is a signal about the danger threatening man, humanity from

Hypertrophied

oh the power of machines and the power of the state - it doesn’t matter which one.

E. Zamyatin Roman "We".

Happiness in the United State is seen as implanted from above by the administrative apparatus led by the Benefactor and his assistants, the Guardians, who zealously guard people from true feelings. Total surveillance, torture, executions are necessary attributes of the United State. At the end of the novel, everyone is subjected to the Great Operation - Fantasia is removed, the last

This is a relic of the soul, an atavism.

" Do you agree with the statement that personality may be immortal, thanks to her creations and deeds?

A.S. Pushkin wrote in " Bronze Horseman"

Nature destined us here

Open a window to Europe...

These lines were written about Peter the Great. He is a man who changed the course of history, one of the most outstanding statesmen, which determined the direction of development of Russia in the 18th century. Peter launched large-scale reforms Russian state, changed the public

Way of life: cut off the boyars' sleeves and beards. He built the first Russian fleet, thereby protecting the country from the sea. Here he is, that person, that person who did a lot of great and heroic things in his life, made history

A. S. Pushkin dedicated his lines to V. A. Zhukovsky:

His poems are captivatingly sweet

The envious distance of centuries will pass...

A. Kuprin wrote the story “ Wonderful doctor", based on real events. Mertsalov, exhausted by poverty, is ready to commit suicide in despair, but the famous doctor N.I. Pirogov, who happens to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate man, and from that moment on, the life of the would-be suicide and the life of his family changes in the happiest way. This story eloquently speaks of the fact that the action of one person can affect the fate of other people.

In the novel “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy, one of central problems is the problem of the role of personality in history. Alexander the First, Napoleon, Kutuzov - this is an incomplete list historical figures shown in the novel. Which of them can claim to be the creator of history, a great man? According to Tolstoy, great person carries within itself the moral foundations of the people and feels its moral obligation to people. Alexander the First cannot always understand what is this moment most important for the people, the country. Napoleon’s ambitious claims reveal him as a person who does not understand the significance of the events that are taking place. “There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth,” is Tolstoy’s verdict on Napoleon. He calls Kutuzov a great man, since he set the interests of the entire people as the goal of his activities. He expresses people's soul and patriotism.

F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment.” The real reason for Raskolnikov's crime was the desire to test his theory. Its essence was that Raskolnikov divided all people into those who “have the right” and “trembling creatures.” The first live in obedience, the second - break the law, destroyers. Lycurgus, Mohammed, Solon, Napoleon - all these great people were criminals who shed a lot of blood. It is precisely such people, according to Raskolnikov’s theory, who “move the world and lead it to its goal.” Insolvency

Dostoevsky debunked the theories of the main character of the novel with the entire course of the action, by the fact that the most humiliated and insulted heroine, Sonechka Marmeladova, turned out to be spiritually superior to the rest, by the fact that, testing his theory in practice, Raskolnikov subjected himself to terrible moral torment.

" Don't let life slip between your fingers." I.S. Turgenev.

G.R. Derzhavin. In the “Last Poems” of the great poet of the 18th century, we read about the “river of time”. Time, rushing forward, leaves “all the affairs of people” to eternity.

It would be sad if our descendants forgot the deeds of their predecessors

. But a person has memory, so “peoples, kingdoms...” will live in his heart forever “through the sounds of the lyre and trumpet.”

The problem of time is inextricably linked with life and death, youth and old age. These motifs unite “Poems in Prose” by I.S. Turgenev.

L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. Prince Andrey - extraordinary, smart, honest, noble man. He is looking for happiness and meaning in life, though only for himself. He lacked self-detachment

, selflessness, but still, dreaming of feat and glory for himself, he wishes the country victory.

Life's quest lead us to understand the meaning of life. Yes, fortunately or unfortunately, life is fleeting. This is a moment, and therefore you cannot let life “slip between your fingers.”