When creating a picture, the artist relies on nature, but in this process the creative imagination plays an important role. The concept of a painting is applied primarily to works of a plot-thematic nature, the basis of which is the depiction of important historical, mythological or social events, human actions, thoughts and emotions in multi-figured complex compositions. Therefore, painting plays a leading role in the development of painting.
The painting consists of a base (canvas, wooden or metal board, plywood, cardboard, pressed board, plastic, paper, silk, etc.), onto which a primer and a paint layer are applied. The aesthetic perception of a painting benefits greatly when it is enclosed in an appropriate frame (baguette), separating the painting from the surrounding world. The eastern type of painting retains traditional form a free-hanging unfolded scroll (horizontal or vertical). The picture, unlike monumental painting, is not strictly connected with a specific interior. It can be removed from the wall and hung differently.
The pinnacles of art have been reached in the paintings of outstanding painters. In the diverse movements of modernism, there is a loss of plot and a rejection of figurativeness, thereby significantly reconsidering the concept of a picture. An increasingly wide range of paintings of the 20th century. called paintings. Painting is one of the most typical types of easel art. Johann-Wolfgang Goethe wrote: “Paintings are not just a painted canvas, they affect feelings and thoughts, leave a mark on the soul, awaken premonitions.”
Reproduction or copy original painting may also be called a painting if, in the relevant context, it does not matter whether it is a copy or original work. For example, “there were several paintings hanging in the corridor.”
2) In a figurative or more general meaning - any completed, integral work of art, including a living and vivid description, oral or written, of a beautiful view of nature.
3) In a musical theater work, a part of the act separated not by an intermission, but by a short pause, during which the curtain is briefly lowered.
4) In music - the designation of instrumental symphonic works, which are characterized by special concreteness and clarity of musical images; Sometimes such works belong to the genre of program music.
5) In construction, a roofing element whose edges are prepared for seam joints. Used in seam roofs. Depending on the technology, it is made by hand or machine methods. There are paintings for ordinary coverings, as well as paintings for eaves overhangs, wall gutters, gutters, valleys, etc.
Painting
An easel work of painting that has independent meaning. Unlike an etude or a sketch, a painting is a completed work, the result of the artist’s long work, a generalization of observations and reflections on life. The painting embodies the depth of concept and figurative content.
When creating a picture, the artist relies on nature, but in this process the creative imagination plays an important role.
The concept of a painting is applied primarily to works of a plot-thematic nature, the basis of which is the depiction of important historical, mythological or social events, human actions, thoughts and emotions in multi-figured complex compositions. Therefore, painting plays a leading role in the development of painting.
The painting consists of a base (canvas, wooden or metal board, plywood, cardboard, pressed board, plastic, paper, silk, etc.), onto which a primer and a paint layer are applied. The aesthetic perception of a painting benefits greatly when it is enclosed in an appropriate frame (baguette), separating the painting from the surrounding world. The eastern type of painting retains the traditional form of a free-hanging unfolded scroll (horizontal or vertical). The painting, unlike monumental painting, is not strictly connected with a specific interior. It can be removed from the wall and hung differently.
The pinnacles of art have been achieved in the paintings of outstanding painters. In the diverse movements of modernism, there is a loss of plot and a rejection of figurativeness, thereby significantly reconsidering the concept of a picture. An increasingly wide range of paintings of the 20th century.
called paintings. A painting is a work of art that has a complete character (as opposed to a sketch or sketch) and independent artistic significance. Unlike a fresco or book miniature, K. is not necessarily associated with a specific interior or... ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Painting, as an expression of the prevailing concepts of art, in all countries experienced different periods, changing its direction. But nowhere has the history of painting been characterized so clearly as in France in various eras, in... ... traditional canvas painting materials - Painting, as a rule, is a rather complex structure that exists with the constant interaction of the base, soil, paint layer and protective covering layers. In oil and tempera painting since ancient times as a basis... ...
Dictionary of painting and restoration
Cosimo Tura. Calliope, painting for the Studiolo of the Belfore Palace. Ferrara school of painting, a group of Renaissance artists who worked in ... Wikipedia See also: Dutch Golden Age and Early Netherlandish painting Golden Age Dutch painting the most outstanding era in Dutch painting
, dating back to the 17th century. Contents 1 Historical conditions ... Wikipedia Allegory of painting painting by Jan Wermeer of Delft. Allegory of painting painting by Andrey Matveev, first Russian work
easel painting on an allegorical plot... Wikipedia medallion - A work of painting or relief on a base having an oval or rounded shape, as well as a work framed by an oval (rounded) frame...
Dictionary of an icon painter A type of fine art, works of which are created using paints applied to any hard surface. IN, works of art created by painting , color and pattern, chiaroscuro, expressiveness are used... ...
Art encyclopedia - (also musical and artistic) a term in our laws denoting copyright. Like the French. proprieté littéraire et artistique, it reflects one of the legal theories on this issue. More precise terms: English. copyright (right... ...
Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron A work of art that has its own and having the property of completeness (in contrast to a sketch and a sketch). A painting, as a rule, is not associated, like a fresco or a book miniature, with a specific interior... ... , color and pattern, chiaroscuro, expressiveness are used... ...
Books
- Classical painting lessons. Techniques and techniques from the art workshop, Aristide Juliet. About the book This is an addition to the “Classical Drawing Lessons” and a program for teaching the art of painting in the form of a book. It provides fundamental painting skills and techniques in a format that is accessible and convenient...
- 5555 masterpieces of world painting (CD), . One of the largest collections of reproductions of world classics on CD-ROM. The collection includes paintings ranging from those created in the Middle Ages to the first half...
“Art is the same need for a person as eating and drinking. The need for beauty and creativity, which embodies it, is inseparable from man,” wrote F. M. Dostoevsky.
Indeed, history shows that man has always been inseparable from art. In the mountains, in caves different countries ancient rock paintings have been preserved around the world. These expressive drawings of animals and hunters were made back in the days when people did not know how to write.
Monuments of art tell us what enormous significance it had in the life of man and human society. The ancient Greeks created a wonderful myth about the muses - eternally young sisters who personified the arts and sciences. Melpomene is the muse of tragedy, Thalia - comedy, Terpsichore - dancing, Clio - the muse of history... The myth tells that when the god Apollo - the patron of art, poetry and music - appeared accompanied by the muses, then all nature listened to their singing... Music, museum - these the words come from the word Muse.
The poetic myth about the sister muses has not lost its meaning. Each type of art has its own means of expression: in music - this is sound, in fine arts- color, line, etc., in literature - a word. But the related essence of all types is that art is one of the forms of social consciousness, which is based on a figurative reflection of the phenomena of reality.
To the fine arts related to visual perception, include: painting, graphics and sculpture. These arts create an image on a plane (painting and graphics) and in space (sculpture).
We call a painting, drawing, print, sculpture that has independent meaning, that is, not associated with any artistic ensemble or with a purely practical purpose easel works. This definition comes from the word “machine” (in this case, easel), on which the canvas is placed when a picture is painted. And even the fact that the painting must be inserted into a frame emphasizes the independence, that is, the isolation of easel painting from environment. The frame separates the painting and creates the opportunity to perceive it as an independent artistic whole. Some easel paintings are reproduced in the book.
Unlike easel monumental painting in its purpose and nature it is connected with the architectural ensemble. Frescoes, mosaics, panels, stained glass windows are organically included in the architecture, complementing and enriching decoration interior or entire building. Excellent examples of monumental painting are the frescoes of Raphael in the Vatican Palace and the paintings of Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel. Monumental painting reached its highest level in Byzantine and Old Russian art.
Nowadays, monumental painting is widely used in palaces of culture, clubs, theaters, metro stations, train stations, etc. Many of you have seen mosaics in the metro, created according to sketches by P. Korin, A. Deineka and others Soviet masters. Interior paintings of the Bus Station and the Museum of the Armed Forces in Moscow (artist Yu. Korolev), paintings of the Tsiolkovsky Museum in Kaluga (a group of artists led by A. Vasnetsov), stained glass windows by Lithuanian masters, and embossed panels by Georgian artists decorated many new buildings in our cities.
The monumental art of modern Mexico has gained international fame. The mosaics of Siqueiros and other major artists reflect the heroic struggle of the Mexican people for their independence.
It is not always possible to draw a sharp line between an easel and a monumental work of art. This is explained by the fact that easel painting often has a monumental quality. And monumental works sometimes have independent significance, being perceived as finished easel paintings.
There is also a very large area of decorative and applied arts. These are artistically made furniture, dishes, clothes, fabrics, carpets, embroideries, jewelry etc. However, some types of decorative and applied art (tapestry, embossing, decorative sculpture) can also be considered as independent works. Painting that is intended to decorate or reveal the design and purpose of an object and does not clearly have independent meaning is called decorative.
Thus, painting is divided into easel, monumental and decorative.
§№5. Spatial arts. Painting.
Review questions?
- What is graphics?
- What means of graphic expression do you know?
- What is the meaning of the terms:
- lithography,
- woodcut,
- print,
- engraving,
- splint?
Painting- one of the oldest types of fine art, associated with the transmission of visual images through the application of paints to a solid or flexible base; creating an image using digital technology; as well as works of art made in such ways.
The origins of painting.
Images of animals and people made back in the era have survived to this day. primitive society on the walls of caves. Many millennia have passed since then, but painting has always remained an invariable companion to a person’s spiritual life. In recent centuries, it is undoubtedly the most popular of all types of fine art.
Painting functions:
- Cognitive
- Aesthetic
- Religious
- Ideological
- Social and educational
- Emotive
Adrian van Ostade. Artist's workshop. 1663. Dresden.
Types of painting:
Classification of paintings according to the material used:
Classification of painting by technique:
- A la Prima (alla prima)
- Grisaille
- Glaze
- Pointillism
- Dry brush
- Sgraffito
Painting techniques are practically inexhaustible. Everything that leaves any trace on something, strictly speaking, is painting: “painting is created by nature, time and man.” Leonardo da Vinci.
Easel painting.
Easel painting - a type of painting whose works have independent meaning and are perceived regardless of the environment. Literally - painting created on a machine (easel).
A work of easel painting - a painting - is created on a non-stationary (as opposed to monumental) and non-utilitarian (as opposed to decorative) basis (canvas, cardboard, board, paper, silk), and presupposes an independent perception not conditioned by the environment.
Monumental and decorative painting.
Monumental painting - painting on architectural structures and other stationary bases.
Monumental painting is the oldest type of painting, known from the Paleolithic (paintings in the caves of Altamira, Lascaux, etc.). Thanks to the stationarity and durability of works of monumental painting, numerous examples of it remain from almost all cultures that created developed architecture, and sometimes serve as the only type of surviving paintings of the era.
Basic techniques of monumental painting:
- Mural painting
- Fresco on wet plaster
- Fresco a secco
- Wax painting
- Mosaic
- Stained glass
A. 
B. 
IN. 
A. Savior Almighty. Painting of the dome of the Church of the Transfiguration on Ilyin Street in Novgorod the Great. Theophanes the Greek. 1378 B. Marc Chagall. Murals of the Jewish Theater in Moscow. V. Marc Chagall. Painting the ceiling of the Paris Opera.
Miniature painting.
Miniature(from Latin minium - red paints used in the design of handwritten books) - in the fine arts, painting, sculpture and graphic works of small forms, as well as the art of creating them.
Miniature painting also common in the east. In India, during the Mughal Empire, Rajasthani miniatures became widespread. It was a synthesis of the joint creativity of Indian and Persian masters.
Genres of painting:
- Animalistic – images of animals, birds, insects and other fauna.
- Abstract – depiction of non-objective compositions.
- Battle - images of military actions and battles.
- Everyday – depiction of everyday scenes.
- Historical – depiction of historically famous persons and events.
- Marina - seascape.
- Mystical-fantastic - compositions with surreal content.
- Still life (dead nature) – depiction of everyday objects.
- Portrait – images of people.
- Landscape - an image of living nature.
- Religious – compositions with religious content.
Practical task:
- In the literature, find paintings that correspond to each of the listed genres.
- Make a description of these works in the form of a table:
| Genres | The name of the painting, mosaic, stained glass... | Belonging to the type of painting | Belonging to a style or historical era. |
|
| Animalistic | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Battle | ||||
| Domestic | ||||
| Historical | ||||
| Marina | ||||
| Mystic-fantastic | ||||
| Still life | ||||
| Portrait | ||||
| Scenery | ||||
| Religious |