Russian Emperor Peter II, who ascended the throne as a child, passed away on January 19, 1730.

The tsar did not actually rule the country - he had to give all power to the hands of the Supreme Privy Council. His short stay at the head of the empire was remembered, first of all, for the transfer of the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow, the increasing influence of the boyars and the flourishing of corruption.

the site remembers how young Peter II became a bargaining chip in the hands of the most influential people of that time.

Little king

Peter II, the grandson of the founder of the Northern capital Peter I and the son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and the German princess Sophia-Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, was born on October 12, 1715. The future emperor lost his mother when he was not yet 10 days old. The 21-year-old princess died of peritonitis. Alexei Petrovich was convicted as a traitor three years later and imprisoned in Peter and Paul Fortress, from where he did not come out alive. Peter II had only his older sister Natalya left.

Parents of Peter II. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The son of Alexei Petrovich was not considered as the heir to the throne, since the tsar at that time had sons Pyotr Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, but when they died, Prince Pyotr Alekseevich remained the last of the Romanovs in the male line.

The future emperor was raised mainly by nannies and invited teachers. Have a nice one primary education Grand Duke Pyotr Alekseevich did not receive it in such conditions. By the age of seven, he spoke Russian poorly, preferring to speak German and used a little Latin.

Young Peter II did not show much interest in science or the army. He felt comfortable only in an atmosphere of constant celebration and entertainment. Members of the Supreme Privy Council - a group of nobles concerned with their own interests - intended to make the Grand Duke a pocket king to whom they could dictate terms. The fact that the heir to the throne prefers a riotous lifestyle was even to their advantage.

Maria Menshikova. Photo: Public Domain

At that moment, when Peter II was ready to take the throne, the closest to him was Peter the Great's comrade-in-arms, Alexander Menshikov. He played a leading role in the Supreme Privy Council and even convinced the dying Catherine I to sign a will, according to which power passed to Peter Alekseevich on the condition that he would marry his daughter Maria.

In May 1727, the young heir to the throne became emperor, taking the official name Peter II. Soon after this, the 12-year-old Tsar became engaged to 16-year-old Maria Menshikova, whom he was not truly interested in. In correspondence, he compared her to a porcelain doll and a stone statue.

Menshikov, who decided to become more involved in the education of Peter II and have even greater influence over him, moved him to his house on Vasilyevsky Island. He even invited Vice-Chancellor Andrei Osterman, also a member of the Supreme Privy Council, to teach lessons to the emperor.

Overthrow of Menshikov

However, one of the most experienced people of that time in matters of intrigue of the royal court, Alexander Menshikov, failed to foresee the intrigues that were built against him. In the summer of 1727, the first St. Petersburg Governor-General fell ill with illness, and when he recovered, his opponents had already retrieved the documents from the interrogations of Father Peter II, in which Menshikov had participated, showing them to the emperor.

Next, the tsar left his mentor’s house on Vasilievsky Island and announced to the guards to listen only to his instructions. Menshikov, on September 8, was accused of high treason and embezzlement of the treasury, after which he and his family were exiled to the Tobolsk province. Peter II's engagement to his daughter Maria was terminated.

V. I. Surikov. “Menshikov in Berezovo” (1883). Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The actions of the 12-year-old tsar were then supervised by Andrei Osterman, who taught him. However, all the power in the Supreme Privy Council now belonged not to him, but to the princes Dolgorukov, and especially to the emperor’s favorite Ivan Alekseevich, who at that time carefully watched so that the emperor was not bored for a minute. An influential family wanted to turn the country back to the pre-Petrine order.

The construction of the fleet stopped, the treasury did not receive enough money, and the capital was moved from St. Petersburg to Moscow. The boyars who were gaining power and did not like the city on the Neva wanted the latter.

Emperor Peter II and Tsarevna Elizaveta Petrovna go hunting. Hood. Valentin Serov, 1900, Russian Museum. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The Tsar's stay in Moscow began with the coronation in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin on February 25, 1728. After the move, the Dolgorukovs received great power: princes Vasily Lukich and Alexei Grigorievich were appointed members of the Supreme Privy Council, and on February 11, the young prince Ivan Alekseevich was made chief chamberlain. In Moscow, the young tsar also met his grandmother Evdokia Lopukhina, who had been exiled to a monastery by Peter the Great. She no longer claimed the throne, but was completely rehabilitated by the Supreme Privy Council and received huge sums for her maintenance until her death.

The Dolgorukovs soon decided to marry the young tsar. The sister of his favorite Ivan Alekseevich, Ekaterina Dolgorukova, was chosen as his chosen one. Peter II was introduced to her in the fall of 1729. The emperor liked the 17-year-old princess. The wedding was scheduled as soon as possible - for January 19, 1730. Just like Menshikov, the Dolgorukovs hoped that the marriage of the tsar to their relative would help them gain full power.

Black pox

They were in a hurry with the wedding, a dress was quickly sewn for Ekaterina Dolgorukova, and the Lefortovo Palace was decorated for the wedding. The emperor, so that he would not have time to come to his senses and cancel the plan, was constantly entertained with hunting, balls and drinking bouts. Peter II, although still a child by today's standards, looked older than his years. He endured alcohol and long celebrations with steadfastness. Those close to him did not care at all about the health of the young king - power was much more important.

Ekaterina Dolgorukova, Peter's second bride. Unknown artist, 1729, Pskov. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

When there were only 13 days left before the wedding, Peter II decided to go to the Blessing of the Waters on the Moscow River. He spent four hours in the cold in a light camisole, after which he returned to the palace and took his bed. At first it seemed that the emperor had a cold, but then it became clear that he was struck down by smallpox.

While Peter II was dying, the Dolgorukovs frantically figured out how they could keep power in their hands. They even decided to forge the king’s signature on an official paper and give all power to his would-be bride, Catherine.

The 14-year-old emperor died on January 19, 1730. The day before his death, he woke up from agony and ordered the sleigh to be harnessed. He wanted to see his sister Natalya - the only person in the world who was sincerely worried about him. Unfortunately, the king's relative was not alive - she died of consumption in November 1728.

Peter II was buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

Empress Anna Ioannovna. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The scam of the Dolgorukys, who wanted their dynasty to reign in Russia, did not pass through the Supreme Privy Council. Most nobles categorically supported the continuation of the Romanov dynasty. The only problem was that with Peter II the male line was interrupted. Then it was decided to switch attention to the female one and turn to the candidacy of the Duchess of Courland Anna Ioannovna, who was going to be made a “decorative” queen.

However, nothing came of this idea - the queen, having come to power, destroyed the Supreme Privy Council and began to rule on her own.

photo from wikipedia.org.

From the genealogy of the Dolgorukov princes

The Dolgorukov princes branched off from the Obolensky princes. The founder of the Dolgorukovs was Ivan Andreevich Obolensky, nicknamed Dolgoruk (born at the end of the 14th century); his only son, Vladimir Ivanovich, was already nicknamed Dolgorukov. The ancestors of the Dolgorukov princes distinguished themselves in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380: princes Semyon Konstantinovich Obolensky and Ivan Konstantinovich Tarussky were governors in the guard regiment.

The third brother - Andrei Konstantinovich - is not mentioned at the Battle of Kulikovo; most likely due to the fact that he, as a younger brother, did not have an inheritance, and, perhaps, due to his youth, he did not participate in the battle. But he is the direct ancestor of the Dolgorukov princes.

The branch of the Dolgorukov princes we are considering (historians call it the third branch) did not give birth to famous figures until the middle of the 19th century. All Dolgorukovs, known from Tatishchev, Karamzin, Solovyov, Zimin and many others. etc., do not belong to “our” Dolgorukovs.

Prince Nikolai Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (1716-1782)

In 1778, Colonel Prince Alexander Yakovlevich Golitsyn sold his estate - the village of Rzhavki with the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and the village of Savelki - for 9,000 rubles to Lieutenant Colonel Prince Nikolai Vladimirovich Dolgorukov. From this time about 70 years “an estate near the village of Nikolskoye, Rzhavki also, Moscow district of Goretov Stan” was in the possession of the Dolgorukov princes.

In his youth, N.V. Dolgorukov had to survive the collapse of the Dolgorukov family. This is a well-known story, when in 1730 members of the Supreme Privy Council tried to limit the autocratic power of Empress Anna Ioannovna. The Dolgorukovs were at the head of this conspiracy: many of them were exiled, some were executed. In 1741, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna returned all the surviving Dolgorukovs from exile and returned their ranks.

In 1742-1746. Prince N.V. Dolgorukov was an adjutant to his uncle, Field Marshal Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov. Then, with the rank of major, in 1748 he participated in the campaign of the Russian corps to the banks of the Rhine (an anti-French force demonstration), after which he retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

From his wife Ekaterina Andreevna (1734-1803), daughter of the Smolensk landowner Major General Andrei Filagrich Stankevich, he had four sons: Ivan, Nikolai, Ilya and Andrei.

Prince N.V. Dolgorukov acquired the “Moscow Region” in his declining years, when he was 62 years old. This “Moscow region” of Prince N.V. Dolgorukova was not his only possession: he had estates in other provinces.

The ancestral burial place of the Dolgorukov princes (third branch) was the Trinity Cathedral of the Boldinsky Monastery, which is 19 kilometers from Dorogobuzh along the old Smolensk road. The family tomb of the Dolgorukov princes was preserved there for a long time. On the monument that stood at the western wall of the cathedral on the left side of the entrance it was indicated that princes Nikolai Vladimirovich (1716-1782), Nikolai Nikolaevich (1770-1785) and Ilya Nikolaevich (1771-1789) Dolgorukovs and Princess Ekaterina Andreevna Dolgorukova, were buried here. nee Stankevich (1734-1803).

These memorial inscriptions, and the burial place itself, speak volumes:

1) the owner of the villages of Nikolskoye, Rzhavki and the village of Savelka, Prince Nikolai Vladimirovich Dolgorukov, was buried here in 1782; probably (it has not yet been possible to establish for sure), his land ownership was located not far from the Boldinsky Monastery;
2) his two sons are buried here - Nikolai (1770-1785) and Ilya (1771-1789); both died at young ages (15 and 18);
3) their mother E.A. is buried here. Dolgorukova (Stankevich) died in 1803. The above dates make it possible to explain subsequent hereditary and other actions.

Prince Ivan Nikolaevich Dolgorukov - owner of Nikolskoe
(until 1819)

After the death of the head of the Dolgorukov family in 1782, his wife took over the management of all the estates, since all four of her sons had not yet reached adulthood.

After the death of sons Nikolai (in 1785) and Ilya (in 1789), all estates passed to the remaining brothers - Ivan and Andrey. “Podmoskovnaya” - Rzhavki, Nikolskoye and Savelki - as the main estate went to the elder brother Ivan Nikolaevich Dolgorukov. Under him, the estate in the village of Nikolskoye included a stone manor house with an orchard, a pond and a greenhouse. The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was initially wooden, but at the beginning of the 19th century construction of a stone church began.

Probably, due to the death of the owner of the estate, Prince Ivan Nikolaevich Dolgorukov, in 1819, the village of Nikolskoye with the villages of Savelki and Rzhavki passed to the youngest son of N.V. Dolgorukov - Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Dolgorukov.

He was married to Elizaveta Nikolaevna Saltykova (daughter of Count Nikolai Vladimirovich Saltykov), with whom he had seven sons and four daughters.

Construction of the stone St. Nicholas Church (1802-1828)

After the death of the owner of the estate, Prince Ivan Nikolaevich Dolgorukov, in 1819, the village of Nikolskoye with the villages of Savelki and Rzhavki passed to the youngest son N.V. Dolgorukov - Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Dolgorukov (1772-1834).

Since 1791, he was married to Elizaveta Nikolaevna Saltykova, daughter of Count Nikolai Vladimirovich Saltykov, with whom he had seven sons and four daughters.

Prince Andrei Dolgorukov continued and completed the construction of the stone church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Rzhavki-Nikolsky, begun by his older brother Ivan Dolgorukov.

This construction began back in 1802 (according to other sources - in 1805) on the site of an old wooden church. At the same time, the old church was not destroyed, but continued to serve.

The plans of the church builders are impressive: the church was planned to be two-story; next to the temple, ten meters to the west, a three-tiered bell tower was erected over the gate with the wings of an almshouse adjacent to it. Initially, the almshouse was for women, for ten people.

The church was built in a pseudo-Gothic style; the main volume - a large cube - is surrounded on all four sides by projections: a rectangular altar on the east and small multi-faceted ones on other sides. On the cubic building of the church there is a large drum with a hemispherical dome and light pointed openings in a pseudo-Gothic style, along the edge of the building there is a low pediment.

The church originally had two chapels: St. Nicholas and the Martyr John the Warrior. Over time, four more chapels were added to them: the Resurrection of Christ, the Intercession Holy Mother of God, Great Martyr Catherine and Saint Mitrophan of Voronezh. All the windows of the church are designed in the same style as the decor of the modern separate bell tower, which has preserved the side buildings and lower tier from the time of its original construction. The walls of the bell tower are decorated with pilasters and niches. The upper tiers were rebuilt into late XIX century, and then completely demolished after the Great Patriotic War.

Construction took a long time, and only in May-June 1827. The lower “warm” church was consecrated, and a year later the upper “cold” or “summer” church was consecrated. After the completion of construction at the end of 1828, the church clergy asked the synodal office for permission to demolish the old dilapidated wooden church. Valuable items from the sacristy, among which were contributions from the previous owners - the Golitsyn princes, were transferred to the new temple.

The architect perfectly integrated the temple building into the surrounding picturesque area - with forest, ponds, and ancient trees. A luxurious linden alley led to the temple, from which six sesquicentennial linden trees remained (by the end of the 20th century).

Other possessions of Prince A.N. Dolgorukova

In addition to the “Moscow region”, Prince Andrei Dolgorukov owned the village of Tsarevshino in the Mokshansky district of the Penza province. There, at his expense, the stone Church of the Ascension of the Lord was founded in 1800 and consecrated in 1806.

A.N. Dolgorukov was the most generous benefactor of the Boldinsky monastery in the Smolensk province, the ancestral seat of his ancestors.

In Moscow there is a palace (there is no other name!) of Prince A.N. Dolgorukov was located on Prechistenka (now house number 19). It was built in the 1780s, presumably by M. F. Kazakov. I give a brief architectural description of the palace house.

The ensemble is deployed along the street. Initially, the central part of the palace, with a strict large portico, topped with a belvedere with a dome, was connected to the side wings, columned galleries on the arcades - a composition unique for the urban estates of Moscow. The facades of the wings were marked with triple “Italian” windows and balconies on figured brackets (preserved). In the courtyard there was a semicircular building of services.

In 1812, the house burned down and was rebuilt until 1847. The belvedere disappeared, the through arches leading to the courtyard were blocked. Eclectic decor appeared on the side wings. In 1869. The services in the courtyard were dismantled and two three-story buildings were added for an educational institution that fit in the house.

In the 1880s, the Alexander-Mariinsky opened in the house girls' school, founded by the “cavalry lady” General Chertova. Muscovites immediately jokingly nicknamed it “the devil’s school.”

In 1921, part of the Military Academy of the Red Army moved here (since 1925 - the M. V. Frunze Academy). Now it houses an art gallery at the Russian Academy of Arts, as well as the “Artist’s Gallery” restaurant.

The house has survived to this day. The basis of the interior layout to this day is the front suite of rooms on the second floor, richly and variedly decorated.

Sons of Prince A.N. Dolgorukova

P.V. Dolgorukov, a famous genealogist, emigrant and bilious critic of the royal circle, spoke of the owner of Nikolsky, Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Dolgorukov:

“...Prince Andrei Nikolaevich was a very kind, disinterested, pious man, and although he did not miss mass, or all-night vigil, or even matins, he greatly valued that his sons would be in the greatest possible favor at court...”.

About the piety of Prince A.N. We can judge Dolgorukov by his above-mentioned deeds: the construction of churches in Rzhavki-Nikolsky and in the village of Tsarevshino in the Penza province, charitable donations to the Boldinsky Monastery (the ancestral tomb of the Dolgorukovs).

Taking advantage of family connections at court (the Dolgorukovs, the Saltykovs - all noble, all relatives and in-laws!), the father successfully promoted his sons through the ranks, and helped out in times of trouble.

His sons achieved high positions in the reigns of Nicholas I and Alexander II:

- Nikolai Andreevich Dolgorukov(1794-1846) - in 1812-1815. participant in the war against Napoleon, replaced A.S. Griboyedov (after his death) as envoy to Persia, from 1833, lieutenant general, in 1840-1846. Kharkov Governor General;

Ilya Andreevich Dolgorukov(1798-1848) - first a Decembrist, a Freemason in the Lodge of the Three Virtues (since 1816). He was under investigation in the Decembrist case, but was not brought to trial ( “left unattended”). Then he distinguished himself during the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. In 1848 he was appointed governor-general of Little Russia, but soon died;

Vasily Andreevich Dolgorukov(1804-1868) - since 1856, general of the cavalry, member of the State Council, chief of gendarmes and chief commander of the III department;

Vladimir Andreevich Dolgorukov(1810-1891) - cavalry general, in 1865-1891. - Moscow Governor General.

You can find out more about them in a good study: A.V. Karandeeva. The family of princes Dolgorukov (Essays on the history of the region. Issue IV. The Zelenograd Museum is 30 years old. M.: Zelenograd, 1999, pp. 29-56).

Testament of Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Dolgorukov

In 1832, Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Dolgorukov received the rank of state councilor, and two years later, in 1834, he died. The Rzhavka-Savelki-Nikolskoye estate passed to his son, guard lieutenant Vasily Dolgorukov, aide-de-camp to Emperor Nicholas II.

Prince A.N. Dolgorukov bequeathed capital for the maintenance of an almshouse he had previously built. An almshouse for 20 people (when it opened in 1827 there were 10 people) received his name. But the peasants accepted a number of obligations. They had to pay the debt of the late prince to the St. Petersburg Guardianship Council, which, together with interest, amounted to about 8,900 silver rubles by 1837.

Until the death of Princess Dolgorukova, the peasants were obliged to pay her dues. “22 rubles 86 kopecks each. silver from tax" cultivate the master's land and perform other duties. The princess's authorized representative had to liquidate the master's buildings over time, sell all the property, and add the money to the capital that was allocated by the Dolgoruky princes for the maintenance of the church and almshouse. The land from under the master's buildings became the property of the peasants.

These conditions were burdensome for the peasants. Until the death of the actual owner of the estate - Princess Elizaveta Nikolaevna Dolgorukova (née Saltykova; 1777-1855) - the peasants could not go free according to the will, they were only transferred to quitrent. The rent was not easy (per year “22 rubles 86 kopecks each. silver from tax"), and for the poor peasant under the “good master” it was more profitable to remain a serf. In addition, the peasants had to redeem the mortgaged estate for a considerable price; It is unlikely that there was unanimity among the peasants on this issue. There were other conditions (see above).

I think that the will of Prince A.N. Dolgorukov hung in the air due to the reluctance of the peasants. In vain some “researchers” touchingly write: “And so, more than 20 years before the abolition of serfdom, the old prince was trying to release his peasants to the title of “free tillers.”

The Case of the Liberation of the Peasants - Fifteen Years Later

A decade and a half passed, and a lot of water has passed under the bridge... The two eldest sons of the actual owner of Rzhavoki died: in 1846 - Nikolai Andreevich Dolgorukov, Kharkov Governor-General, in 1848 - Ilya Andreevich Dolgorukov, Governor-General of Little Russia (the same one mentioned Pushkin: “Members of this family gathered... with the cautious Ilya”); The hostess herself was already in her eighth decade.

But her third son was approaching the highest military and administrative positions... On December 14, 1825, Prince Vasily Andreevich Dolgorukov, being a cornet of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, was in the Winter Palace on the inner guard, guarding Nicholas I, and since then has enjoyed the favor of Emperor. Participated in the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. In 1848, he was appointed comrade (i.e., deputy) minister of war. In 1853-1856. he was already Minister of War, and under Emperor Alexander II from 1856 he would become a member of the State Council, chief of gendarmes and head of the III department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery.

Probably, even before 1848, he transferred the village of Rzhavki with its villages to his mother, and she renewed her petition to fulfill the last will of her husband, who died in 1834, to release the peasants of Rzhavki to freedom. She was ready to abandon the restrictive conditions that her husband's will imposed on the peasants.

But a different kind of difficulty arose... A series of revolutions in Europe had just died down... Nicholas II was preparing the Russian army to suppress the uprising in Hungary. The very words “will” and “freedom” became prohibited. Even the peasants who were under government control were renamed: their previous name (since 1803) - “free cultivators” was replaced by the euphonious one - “state peasants”.

The high position of her son and his closeness to the sovereign played a decisive role in the favorable resolution of the case. When the matter, having passed through the provincial and ministerial levels, reached the Senate, Nicholas I made it known that he supported the Dolgorukovs’ request. And in February 1851, 10 years before the official abolition of serfdom, the peasants were set free. “To freedom” is a loud word; the peasants became serfs of the state, i.e. they were freed “to the rank of state peasants established on their own lands.” They were provided “They own all the lands, forests and lands that belong to this, as well as all the buildings, establishments, livestock, poultry and all kinds of their peasant property that belong to them.” The peasants' attorney when signing the document was Efrem Akimov.

Yakov Fedorovich (1639-1720)

Grigory Fedorovich (1656-1723)

Vasily Lukich (1670-1739)

Vasily Vladimirovich (1667-1746)

Russian noble family

The history of the Dolgoruky princes - one of the most noble families in Russia - is without a doubt the most dramatic page in the history of the country in the 17th-18th centuries. And at the same time, it fully reflects all the originality of that time.

The founder of this princely family was Mikhail Vsevolodovich Chernigovsky, and the nickname Dolgoruky was given to one of his descendants, Ivan Andreevich Obolensky.

Probably the most prominent political figure of this kind can be considered Prince Yakov Fedorovich. He was the son of the Tsar's deviant Fyodor Dolgorukov, a man of versatile and advanced convictions for that time.

Therefore, Yakov received an education that was unusually versatile for those times: he studied several foreign languages, history, mathematics and even theology. From his youth he served at the royal court. The turning point in his life was 1688. On the initiative of Princess Sophia, Dolgoruky was sent with the Russian embassy to France and Spain. This was a very responsible diplomatic assignment, since it was about recognizing Russia as an equal European state.

Dolgoruky's behavior during the ambassadorial mission was distinguished by decisiveness and complete disregard for the peculiar methods of diplomacy of that time. He refused to comply with the rules accepted at the court of Louis XIV, according to which the ambassador could only humbly beg for an audience with the “Sun King”. And this determination bore fruit. “The Bearded Muscovite,” as Dolgoruky was nicknamed at the French court, achieved recognition from Russia and returned home feeling like a winner.

After the accession to the throne of Peter I, Yakov Fedorovich connected his life with the army. He fought heroically during the siege of Azov, and then near Narva. During the siege of this city, Dolgoruky was captured by the Swedes, after which ten for long years spent in a Swedish prison. But this difficult ordeal did not break his decisive character.

In 1711, choosing an opportune moment during the transport of prisoners, he made a daring escape from custody, and then captured a Swedish ship and forced the captain to take it to Revel (modern Tallinn), occupied by Russian troops. Dolgoruky's feat was highly appreciated by Peter, who granted him extensive estates and a large monetary reward.

Upon returning from captivity, Dolgoruky became the de facto head of the Senate and was responsible for supplying the Russian army with everything necessary. This position was very consistent with his honest and incorruptible character. Later, in 1717, Peter appointed him president of the Revision Board, but Dolgoruky was already mortally ill and could not fully fulfill his duties.

His younger brother Gregory did not survive Jacob much. He was also known as a major diplomat of his time, since from 1700 he served as Russia's ambassador to Poland for twenty years. Grigory Dolgoruky masterfully mastered the art of intrigue and, thanks to his resourcefulness, managed to achieve the seemingly impossible - Poland's loyalty to Russia and participation in the anti-Swedish coalition.

Dolgoruky's authority in Poland was so high that when Mazepa's associates, who had fled from Poltava, appeared in Warsaw, he ordered their arrest and sending to Moscow, without even notifying the Polish king. Augustus sent an angry note to Peter, demanding that the ambassador be punished. But the Russian emperor ignored the message.

Only in 1721 Dolgoruky returned to St. Petersburg, but was no longer able to occupy any position, since his vitality was exhausted. At that time he was sixty-seven years old.

The successor of family traditions in the diplomatic field was Yakov Dolgoruky’s nephew Vasily Lukich. From the age of sixteen he lived in France, first with his uncle, and after his departure alone. Vasily Dolgoruky became the first Russian diplomat to receive education abroad.

Since 1700, Vasily was in Poland and was the closest assistant to his uncle Gregory. He was excellent at navigating the intricacies Polish politics, Dolgoruky’s behind-the-scenes activities before the Battle of Poltava under King Stanislav Leshchin were especially valuable. It was thanks to his intrigues that Leszczynski gave way to King Augustus II.

But Vasily was unable to complete everything he had planned. In 1707, Peter unexpectedly sent him to Copenhagen with a very important assignment - to keep the Danish government from an alliance with the Swedish king Charles XII. With great difficulty, Dolgoruky completed such an important mission, which significantly facilitated Russia’s war with the Swedes.

Vasily stayed in Copenhagen for eight years, after which he was sent as the Russian ambassador to Paris. The memory of his uncle was still alive there, but Vasily behaved completely differently. He was able to enter the prim French society so much that many began to consider him a real Frenchman.

Vasily Lukich was in France until 1723. Returning to Russia, he becomes Peter's closest associate, and after his death, a member of the Supreme Privy Council. At the beginning of 1730, it was Vasily Dolgoruky who drew up the famous “conditions” - the conditions for the accession to the throne of Empress Anna Ioannovna.

Since they contained a significant limitation on imperial power, it took him maximum resourcefulness to persuade Anna Ioannovna to accept the offer and then deliver her to Moscow.

At that time, Dolgoruky did not understand that he had become the object of counter-intrigue. Having ascended the throne, the empress tore up the “conditions” and dispersed the Supreme Privy Council. Dolgoruky ended up in exile on Solovki, then was transported to Shlisselburg, and in the fall of 1739 he was executed as a traitor.

No less misadventures befell another Dolgoruky, Vasily Vladimirovich. He was a brave warrior, he commanded cavalry in the war with the Swedes, Peter I called him his favorite commander. In December 1709, Vasily was awarded a special favor: he became the godfather of Peter's daughter Elizabeth, who later became empress.

Vasily Vladimirovich was awarded the highest award in Russia - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called - and became the first holder of this order in history to be twice deprived of this high honor. The first time it happened like this. Dolgoruky found himself involved in the conspiracy of Tsarevich Alexei, and Peter, who was particularly decisive, ordered to deprive his favorite of all awards and send him to Kazan.

For six long years, Dolgoruky waited until the tsar’s anger cooled down and he was allowed to return to Moscow. Only in 1724, by a special decree of Peter, he was returned to service, but did not have time to receive the order, since the emperor unexpectedly died.

Catherine I did not forget her husband’s favorite and returned to him the lost ranks and awards. True, Dolgoruky did not carry them for long, until 1731. Having dispersed the Supreme Privy Council, Anna Ioannovna ordered the dismissal of all Dolgorukys from service.

Vasily was sent to Ivan-Gorod, where he remained until Empress Elizabeth Petrovna ascended the throne. Only then was the prince returned to the capital, where he received the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called for the second time, as well as the baton of Field Marshal General.

Before last days In his life, he was the president of the Military Collegium and, as one of his contemporaries later wrote, he was one of the nobles who did honor to their Fatherland.

DOLGORUKOV (Dolgoruky), Russian princely family, Rurikovich, branch of the Obolensky princes. The ancestor of the Dolgorukovs is the eldest son of Prince A.K. Obolensky - Ivan Andreevich Obolensky (1st half of the 15th century), who received the nickname Dolgoruky (Dolgoruky). His grandchildren (Semyon Vladimirovich, Fyodor Vladimirovich the Elder, Timofey Vladimirovich and Mikhail Vladimirovich Ptitsa) became the founders of 4 branches of the family. They equally used the surnames Obolensky and Dolgoruky. Occasionally, some of their descendants were also called Dolgoruky-Obolensky.

The grandson of the founder of the 1st branch of the family S.V. Dolgorukov is Ivan Andreevich Shibanovsky [? - 20(30).4.1590], 1st governor in Chernigov (1578-84), Dedilov (1586), Voronezh (1589-90), killed by Cossacks attacking the city. His son is Danilo Ivanovich Shibanovsky [? - 9(19).8.1626], okolnichy (1622), voivode in Serpukhov (1611), in April 1613 voivode of troops sent to Putivl against the Poles during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervention of the early 17th century, 1st voivode in Tver (1613- 14), Kaluga (1614-1616), Bryansk (1616), in 1618, governor at the Kaluga Gate in Moscow during the attack of Polish-Lithuanian troops, head of the Detective Prikaz (1624, 1625). His son - Grigory Danilovich (? - not earlier than 1667), steward (1625), 1st governor in Mtsensk (1640), Bryansk (1642-43, 1652-54), Kaluga (1649), participant in the Russian-Polish war of 1654 -67, governor in Putivl (1658-60). The latter's cousin is Fyodor Fedorovich (? - 1663/64), okolnichy (1655), steward (1627), governor in Velikiye Luki (1642-1643), Pskov (1662-63), during the Russian-Polish war 1654-67 head of the nobles in the royal regiment (1654), governor in Vitebsk (1655-58). Before his death, he took monastic vows with the name Theodosius. Of the sons of F. F. Dolgorukov, the most famous are: Ya. F. Dolgorukov; Luka Fedorovich [? - 16(27).2.1710], steward (1671), voivode in Kyiv (1691-93), Astrakhan (1693-94), Sevsk (1697), judge of the State Prikaz (1703-08); G. F. Dolgorukov.

The son of L. F. Dolgorukov is V. L. Dolgorukov. The sons of G. F. Dolgorukov are known: A. G. Dolgorukov; Sergey Grigorievich [? - 8(19).11.1739], Privy Councilor (1728), Envoy (1722-26), Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (1728-29) in Warsaw, during the illness of Emperor Peter II, participated in the preparation of his forged will (according to which power was inherited by the emperor's betrothed bride), in 1730-1738 he was in exile, in 1738 he was appointed ambassador to Great Britain, but before he could leave, he was again arrested in the case of a forged will and executed in Novgorod; Ivan Grigorievich, privy councilor (1729), senator (from 1728), executed along with his brother.

Of the children of A. G. Dolgorukov, the most famous are: Ivan Alekseevich, who received the title of “lordship” by decree of Emperor Peter II (1729), general of the infantry (1728), chief chamberlain (1728), began serving in 1725 as a gentleman of the Grand Duke Peter Alekseevich (future Emperor Peter II), soon becoming his favorite, major of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment (1730), participated in drawing up a forged will of Peter II (personally forged the imperial signature), exiled to Berezov along with other Dolgorukovs; was married [from 8(19).4.1730] to the daughter of Count B.P. Sheremetev Natalya Borisovna, who followed him into exile, in 1758 she became a nun in the Kiev-Florovsky Monastery under the name Nektaria, in 1767 she accepted the schema, author " Handwritten notes..." (published in 1810). In 1738 I. A. Dolgorukov was taken for a new investigation and executed in Novgorod. Founder of the 1st line of the 1st branch of the Dolgorukov family; Ekaterina Alekseevna (1712-47), named the bride of Emperor Peter II on November 30 (12/11), 1729, bore the title of Her Imperial Highness the Empress Bride. The wedding did not take place due to the death of the emperor. In June 1730 she was exiled to Berezov, then (late 1740 - January 1742) she was imprisoned in the Tomsk Nativity Monastery. Then she was returned from exile and in 1745 married to Count A.R. Bruce (from the Bruce family).

From the 1st line of the 1st branch of the Dolgorukov family, the son of I. A. Dolgorukov is known - Mikhail Ivanovich, state councilor (1780), Moscow district leader of the nobility (1788-91). His son is I.M. Dolgorukov. Of the latter’s children, the most famous are: Alexander Ivanovich, participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, author of the collection of poems “My Happiest Minutes in Life” (1840), as well as “Works of Prince Alexander Ivanovich Dolgorukov in prose and verse” (parts 1-3, 1859); Dmitry Ivanovich, Privy Councilor (1854), Chamberlain (1845), served in the College of Foreign Affairs from 1819, poet, member of the Green Lamp society, during his service in Madrid (1826-30) became close to V. Irving ( their correspondence has been preserved), envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary in Persia (1845-54), senator (1854), collected a rich collection of Persian manuscripts, and also collected autographs and icons.

From the 3rd line of the 1st branch of the Dolgorukov family (descendants of the 3rd son of A.G. Dolgorukov - Alexei Alekseevich) the grandson of the founder is known - Vladimir Ivanovich, state councilor (1825), publisher of the newspaper "Moskovskie Vedomosti" (1810-25) . His grandson - Vsevolod Alekseevich, poet, prose writer, journalist, from 1862 he appeared in print, in the 1860-70s he participated in various financial scams, in 1870 he was deprived of the princely title and nobility, sentenced to one and a half months in prison, and in 1877 convicted in the case the so-called Jacks of Hearts (fraudulent bills, fraudulently obtaining money), exiled to indefinite exile in Tomsk. The founder of Tomsk journalism, from the early 1880s he resumed cooperation with Moscow and St. Petersburg periodicals. He published an illustrated “Guide to all of Siberia and the Central Asian possessions of Russia” (1895, together with N. A. Guryev; 7th edition, 1903-04), in 1899-1901 he published a periodical collection of local history, “The Road Worker in Siberia and Asian Russia” , transformed into the literary magazine "Siberian Observer" (1901-05), and then into the magazine "Siberian Echoes" (1906-07, in 1908-10 - a newspaper).

From the same line of the Dolgorukov family, the 5th son of its founder is known - A. A. Dolgorukov. Sons of the latter: Yuri Alekseevich, privy councilor (1857), chamberlain (1830), in 1828-33/34 served in the 2nd department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, governor of the Lithuanian-Vilna (1838-1840), Olonets (1851-53) ), Voronezh (1853-57) province, senator (1857); Sergei Alekseevich, actual privy councilor (1872), chamberlain (1834/35), governor of the Kovno (1848) and Vitebsk (1848-49) provinces, member (1849-57, 1862-64), secretary of state (1864-84) Commission for accepting petitions, member of the Council of the Minister of Finance (since 1864), member of the State Council (1871). Children of S. A. Dolgorukov: Alexandra Sergeevna, lady of state (1896), favorite of Emperor Alexander II (from the early 1850s to 1862), from November 9 (21), 1862, married to P. P. Albinsky; Nikolai Sergeevich, general from infantry (1906), Russian military representative under the German Emperor Wilhelm I (1879-1885), envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary in Persia (1886-89), adjutant general (1896), assistant commander of the Imperial Headquarters ( 1905-09), Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Italy (1909-12), non-present member of the State Council by appointment (since 1912); Alexander Sergeevich, chief marshal (1899), chief master of ceremonies (1883) and supreme master of ceremonies (1896) of coronation celebrations, honorary member of the Council of Trade and Manufactures (1899), member of the Special Meeting on the needs of the agricultural industry (1902-05), Special Committee for land credit affairs (1904-05), member of the State Council (1905), thanks to his marriage on April 7 (19), 1868 to Countess Olga Petrovna Shuvalova, lady of state (1912), he became one of the richest landowners in Russia. Their cousin is Alexander Nikolaevich, lieutenant general (1917), volunteered in the Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 (was wounded), commander of the Cavalry Regiment (1912-1914), participant in the 1st World War, commander of the 3rd Don Cossack division (1914-15, 1916-17), 1st Cavalry Corps (1917), participant in the Civil War 1917-22, from October 1918 in the army of the Ukrainian state, deputy commander (November 1918), commander of all armed forces on the territory of Ukraine (November - December 1918), head of the 4th Infantry Division as part of the North-Western Army (September 1919 - January 1920), in September 1919 defeated units of the Red Army and captured the crossing of the Plyussa River, in exile in France (1921-24), Belgian Congo (1924-29), from 1929 in Morocco, head of a subdivision of the Russian All-Military Union in Morocco (1932-38).

Of the 4th line of the 1st branch of the Dolgorukov family (descendants of the 4th son of A.G. Dolgorukov - Alexander Alekseevich), the most famous is the son of its founder Alexander Alexandrovich, actual privy councilor (1798), actual chamberlain (1778), senator (1792 -98). His great-grandnephew is Vasily Mikhailovich, secret Soviet (1888), chamberlain (1875), vice-governor of Lomzhinsk (1876) and Warsaw (1876-80) provinces, governor of Radom (1880-83), Ekaterinoslav (1883-84) and Vitebsk (1884-94) provinces. The latter’s sister is Your Serene Highness Princess E.M. Yuryevskaya.

From the 3rd branch of the family, the son of T.V. Dolgorukov is known - Ivan Timofeevich Ryzhko (? - not earlier than 1556), 1st governor in Nizhny Novgorod (1539-41). Of his sons, the most famous are: Timofey Ivanovich Ryzhkov (? -1580), okolnichy (1577), during the Livonian War 1558-83, governor in the campaigns of Russian troops 1564-67, 3rd governor in Polotsk (1567), siege governor in Moscow (1572, 1579), governor in Kashira (1575); Grigory Ivanovich the Lesser Devil (?-1599), governor in Mikhailov (1562-63), Bolkhov (1564), Novosili (1568), governor in Shatsk (1572), participant in the Livonian War 1558-83: head of a detachment in the city of Kokenhausen (Kukenois , Koknese) (1573), voivode of the guard regiment in the campaign against Pernov, and then its 3rd voivode (1575), voivode of a large regiment (1577), voivode in Paida (1578), Apsle (1579), one of the voivodes in Novgorod (1581-83), 1st governor of the guard regiment in Pochep (1584), Belyov (1586), governor in Voronezh (1590-91), Tyumen (1596-97), signed the letter of election to the throne of Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov (1598). The known sons of T. I. Dolgorukov (Ryzhkov): V. T. Dolgorukov; Fyodor Timofeevich (?-1611 or 1612), boyar (1605, granted by False Dmitry I), member of the “Minor Council” of the impostor (1605), governor in Surgut (1599-1600), Kursk (1604), Pereyaslavl-Ryazan (1607), Kolomna (1610), where he swore allegiance to False Dmitry II, and then to Prince Vladislav (the future Polish king Vladislav IV). The youngest son of G.I. Menshoy Dolgorukov (Devil) - Alexey Grigorievich Little Devil [? - 1 (11).7.1646], Moscow nobleman, voivode in Serpukhov (1606), Kaluga (1613-14), Bryansk (1621-22), Sviyazhsk (1624). His sons: Yu. A. Dolgorukov; Dmitry Alekseevich [? - 7(17).11.1673], boyar (1671), steward (1636), okolnichy (1651), governor in Valuyki (1651-1652), in 1653 the third of those “in charge of Moscow” in the absence of the tsar, participant in the Russian-Polish war 1654-67, distinguished himself in the campaign against Smolensk (1654), 1st governor in Polotsk (1654-57), Kazan (1659-61), Novgorod (1668-69), Arkhangelsk (1673), judge of the Vladimir and Galician quarters ( 1652-54), Pushkarsky (1658-59), Monastic (1666-68) and Vladimir court orders (1672); Pyotr Alekseevich, okolnichy (1653), first mentioned as a steward in 1636, judge of the Vladimir and Galician quarters (1656), Petition (1656, 1660, 1664) and Pushkarsky (1658) orders, 1st voivode in Smolensk (1656-59, 1661-62). The son of Yu. A. Dolgorukov is M. Yu. Dolgorukov, from whose descendants came the 1st and 2nd lines of the 3rd branch of the Dolgorukov family.

Of the sons of D. A. Dolgorukov, the most famous is Vladimir Dmitrievich [? - 12(23).7.1701], boyar (1676), governor in Sevsk (1673-74), okolnichy (1674), judge of the New Quarter (1676-77), Robber (1681) and Detective (1681-82) orders, voivode in Pskov (1677-79), Kazan (1682-85), Tarusa (1685-86), Pereyaslavl-Ryazan (1686), participant in the Crimean campaigns (1687, 1689). Of his sons, the most famous is V.V. Dolgorukov, from whose brothers (Yuri, Mikhail and Vladimir) the 3rd, 4th and 5th lines of this branch of the family descend.

From the 1st line of the 3rd branch of the family, the children of the grandson of M. Yu. Dolgorukov - Sergei Petrovich are known: Anna Sergeevna, maid of honor of Empress Catherine II (1764), head of the Imperial Educational Society for Noble Maidens ( Smolny Institute) (1764-68); Vladimir Sergeevich, actual privy councilor (1786), envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary in Berlin (1762-85). His nephews: Pyotr Petrovich, infantry general (1799), participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-74 (awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree in 1770 for distinction in Morea), ruler of the Kaluga governorship (1792-93), governor of the Moscow province (1793-96), head of the Tula arms factory (1796-1800); Sergei Nikolaevich, lieutenant general (1799), participant in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-90, commander of the Kexholm Musketeer Regiment (1796-98), member of the Military Collegium (from 1798), commandant of the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg (1799-1801), Minister Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in The Hague (1808-11), Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Naples (1811-12), participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns Russian army 1813-1814, commander of the 2nd (October - November 1812), and then the 8th (November 1812 - January 1813) infantry corps, distinguished himself in the battle of Krasnoye (awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree, 1813), in 1813 commanded the 3rd Infantry Corps, published the “Chronicle of the Russian Imperial Army...” (1799), which contained a set of names, a description of banners and standards, as well as uniforms, an indication of quartering places and a brief chronicle of Russian regiments. Sons of P. P. Dolgorukov: Vladimir Petrovich, major general (1798), in 1794 he participated in the military operations of Russian troops in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, distinguished himself in the battle of Maciowice (awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree), chief of the Cavalry Guard (1799) , Tatar Lithuanian (1800-01) and Kinburn Dragoon (1801-08) regiments, participant in the Swiss campaign of 1799, member of the Military Collegium (1799-1800), participant in the Russian-Turkish War of 1806-12, took the city of Galati in 1807; Pyotr Petrovich, major general (1798), commandant of Smolensk (1798), adjutant general (1798/99), friend of Emperor Alexander I, after whose accession he repeatedly carried out various diplomatic assignments, participant in the Russian-Austro-French war of 1805, distinguished himself in Battle of Austerlitz 1805 (awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree and a gold sword with the inscription “For bravery” in 1806); Mikhail Petrovich, lieutenant general (1808), distinguished himself in the Battle of Austerlitz 1805 (wounded, in 1806 he was awarded a gold sword with the inscription “For bravery”), in the Russian-Prussian-French war of 1806-07 he distinguished himself in Pultuski (1806) and Preussisch Eylau (1807) battles (awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree in 1806 and 3rd degree in 1807), adjutant general (1807), chief of the Courland Dragoon Regiment (1807-08), participant in the Russian-Swedish war 1808-09 , died in the Battle of Edensalm 1808. Son of V.P. Dolgorukov - P.V. Dolgorukov.

Founder of the 2nd line of the 3rd branch, grandson of M. Yu. Dolgorukov - Vladimir Petrovich, lieutenant general (1755), vice-governor of the Riga province (1742-53), governor of Revel (1753-58) and Riga (1758- 61) provinces. His sons: Vasily Vladimirovich, lieutenant general (1774), participant in the Seven Years' War 1756-63, the Russian-Turkish War 1768-74, distinguished himself in the Battle of Cahul 1770 (awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree); Yu. V. Dolgorukov. Son of Yu. V. Dolgorukov - Vasily Yuryevich, major general (1801, with seniority from 1799), chief of the Chernigov (1802-09) and Tambov (1809-10) musketeer regiments, adjutant general (1807), distinguished himself in Preussisch Battle of Eylau 1807 (awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree), during the Russian-Turkish War of 1806-12, head of the 18th Infantry Division (1809-10), distinguished himself in the battle of Bazardzhik (awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree).

The founder of the 4th line of the 3rd branch - Mikhail Vladimirovich, actual privy councilor (1729; deprived of the rank in 1739, received it again in 1741), senator (1711-39, 1741-1750), arrested in 1718 in the case of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and expelled from Moscow (returned in 1721). Governor of the Siberian (1724-28), Astrakhan (1730) and Kazan (1730-31) provinces. In December 1731 / January 1732, as a supporter of A.G., S.G., I.G., I.A. Dolgorukov, he was exiled to Narva along with his brother V.V. Dolgorukov. In 1739, in the case of a forged will of Peter II, he was deprived of his title and property and sentenced to death, commuted to life imprisonment in the Solovetsky Monastery. From July 1741 he was kept in the Shlisselburg fortress. After Empress Elizabeth Petrovna ascended the throne, he was released, his princely dignity was returned to him, and in 1742 his estate was returned. Of his sons, the most famous is V. M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky. The sons of the latter: Mikhail Vasilyevich, privy councilor (1783), senator (1783); Vasily Vasilyevich, active privy councilor (1797), commander of the Life Guards Semenovsky regiment with the rank of second major (1775-78), during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-74 he distinguished himself during the 1771 campaign in the Crimea (awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree), during the Russian-Turkish War of 1786-91 - during the siege and storming of the Ochakov fortress (1788; awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree), senator (1797-99). The sons of the latter are known: Vasily Vasilyevich, chief echelon master (1832), member of the Jägermeister office (1817-19), chairman (1820-1821), chief executive and president (1821-43) of the Court Crew Committee, member (1821-25) and chairman (1825-30) of the Committee on Theater Affairs, member (1819-32), acting president (1832-42) and president (1842-43) of the Court stable office, St. Petersburg provincial marshal of the nobility (1833-41), member of the Commission at the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty for the restoration of the Imperial Winter Palace after the fire (1837-39), acting president of the Gough Quartermaster's Office (1838), vice-president of the Free Economic Society (1844-56); Nikolai Vasilyevich, chief marshal (1838), chief shank (1845), member (1832), vice-president (1832-38) and president (1838-44) of His Imperial Majesty's court office. The well-known grandchildren of N.V. Dolgorukov are Pavel D. Dolgorukov and Pyotr D. Dolgorukov. Their nephew is Vladimir Nikolaevich, writer (under the pseudonym Vladimirov), after October revolution 1917 remained in the USSR, author of children's poems, books "James Cook" (1933) and "Franklin" (1934) in the series "Life of Remarkable People", historical stories and the novels “The Last Consul” (1957), “The Tale of the Schoolman Willow” (1964), translations of works by O. de Balzac and Ossetian prose writers, was repressed in the 1930s and 40s.

From the 5th line of the 3rd branch of the Dolgorukov family (descendants of Vladimir Vladimirovich Dolgorukov), the great-grandsons of its founder are known: Nikolai Andreevich, cavalry general (1843), in 1806-12 he served in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, from 1813 in military service, participant in foreign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-14, the Russian-Persian war of 1826-28 and the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-29 (in 1828 he was awarded a golden sword with the inscription “For bravery”), major general of His Imperial Majesty’s Retinue (1828), after the murder of A . S. Griboyedov was on a special mission in Tehran, adjutant general (1830), Grodno, Bialystok and Vilna (1832-40), as well as Minsk (1833-40) governor-general, Kharkov, Poltava and Chernigov governor-general ( 1840-47), committed suicide due to embezzlement of government money; Ilya Andreevich, lieutenant general (1844), in 1806-13 served in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, from 1813 in military service, participant in foreign campaigns of the Russian army 1813-14, member of the Decembrist organizations Union of Salvation (from the end of 1817) and Union of Welfare (1819 -21; guardian of his Root Council), adjutant of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich (1825-29 and from 1830), participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-29, chief of staff of the Feldzeichmeister General (1830-48, until 1832 - acting position), in During the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831, he distinguished himself during the crossing of Russian troops across the Narev River near the village of Zholtki (awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree) and the capture of Warsaw (awarded a golden sword with the inscription “For bravery”), in the 1840s he dealt with issues improving the weapons of the Russian army, adjutant general (1848); Vasily A. Dolgorukov; Vladimir A. Dolgorukov. Grandson of Vasily A. Dolgorukov - Vasily Alexandrovich, Major General of His Imperial Majesty's Retinue (1912), commander of the 3rd Novorossiysk Dragoon Regiment (1910-12), Life Guards Horse Grenadier Regiment (1912-14), 1st Brigade 1st Guards Cavalry Division (February - July 1914), from July 1914 he served as a court marshal under Emperor Nicholas II, remained with him after his abdication, accompanied him to Tsarskoye Selo and Tobolsk, upon arrival in Yekaterinburg he was arrested “in order to protect public safety " and then shot.

Of the representatives of the 4th branch of the Dolgorukov family, the most famous is the great-grandson of M.V. Dolgorukov Birds - Grigory Borisovich Roshcha [? - 22.9 (2.10).1612], okolnichy (1605, granted by False Dmitry I), voivode in Kursk (1604), arrested for aiding the impostor, but released and appointed voivode in Rylsk. In January 1605 he opposed Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov and defended Rylsk during the siege by government troops. Member of the “Lesser Council” of False Dmitry I. Distinguished himself as the leader of the defense against the Polish-Lithuanian troops during the Trinity Siege of 1608-10. Voivode in Vologda (1611-12), killed during the capture of the city by Polish-Lithuanian troops.

The Dolgorukov family is included in the 5th part of the noble genealogy books of the Vladimir, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Poltava, St. Petersburg, Simbirsk and Chernigov provinces, in the 2nd part of the noble genealogy book of the Saratov province and in the 3rd part of the noble genealogy book of the Moscow province.

Lit.: Dolgorukov P.V. Tales of the family of princes Dolgorukov. 2nd ed. St. Petersburg, 1842; Ivanov P.I. Alphabetical index of surnames and persons mentioned in boyar books stored in the 1st department of the Moscow Archive of the Ministry of Justice, indicating the official activities of each person and the years of status in positions held. M., 1853; Fadeeva N.A. Note on the genealogy of the Dolgorukov princes // Russian Archive. 1866. Issue. 8/9; Korsakov D. A. From the life of Russian figures of the 18th century. Kazan, 1891; Likhachev N.P. On the genealogy of the Dolgorukov princes // News of the Russian Genealogical Society. St. Petersburg, 1900. Issue. 1. Dept. 1; Nikolai Mikhailovich, Grand Duke. Princes Dolgoruky, associates of Emperor Alexander I in the first years of his reign: Biographical sketches. 2nd ed. St. Petersburg, 1902; Barsukov A.P. Lists of city governors and other persons of the voivodeship administration of the Moscow State of the 17th century. St. Petersburg, 1902; Vlasyev G. A. The offspring of Rurik: Materials for compiling genealogies. St. Petersburg, 1907. T. 1: Princes of Chernigov. Part 3; Berg B. G. Princes Dolgoruky. “Teplovskaya branch” // Novik. Athens; New York, 1939. Vol. 1; Bogoyavlensky S.K. Order judges of the 17th century. M.; L., 1946; Personal archival funds in state repositories of the USSR: Index. M., 1962-1980. T. 1-3; Ferrand J. Les familles princières de l'ancien empire de Russie, en emigration en 1978. Montreuit, 1979; Pavlov A.P. Sovereign's court and political struggle under Boris Godunov (1584-1605). St. Petersburg, 1992; Noble families Russian Empire. St. Petersburg, 1993. T. 1; Eskin Yu. M. Localism in Russia in the 16th-17th centuries: Chronological register. M., 1994; Kobrin V. B. Materials on the genealogy of the princely-boyar aristocracy of the 15th-16th centuries. M., 1995; Naumenko G.I., Stepanova E.V. Dolgoruky estate of the 17th-19th centuries. on Pokrovka // Russian estate. M., 1997. Issue. 3(19); Meltsin M. O. “Crimean” branch of the Dolgorukov princes in the 19th-20th centuries. // From the depths of time. St. Petersburg, 1997. Issue. 9; aka. The family of the Dolgorukov princes in the 18th - early 20th centuries: demographic aspect // Problems of social and humanitarian knowledge. St. Petersburg, 1999. Issue. 1; aka. Civil service Princes Dolgorukovs at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 20th centuries: some aspects // Ibid. St. Petersburg, 2000. Issue. 2; Novokhatko O. V. Note books of the Moscow table of the Discharge Order of the 17th century. M., 2001; Antonov A.V. Private archives of Russian feudal lords XV - early XVII V. // Russian diplomat. M., 2002. Issue. 8; Stanislavsky A. L. Works on the history of the sovereign's court in Russia in the 16th-17th centuries. M., 2004; Slovitsky A. B. Genealogy of the descendants of Prince M. M. Dolgoruky - Prince Dolgoruky and His Serene Highness Prince Yuryevsky // Schultz S. S. Jr. Nevskaya prospect... St. Petersburg, 2004; Ankhimyuk Yu. V. Private books with records for the last quarter of the 15th - early 17th centuries. M., 2005.

• Prince Ivan Andreevich Dolgoruky by nickname Shiban (d. 1590), was a governor in Chernigov and Voronezh; in 1587 he was appointed head of a guard regiment in Tula; at the end of 1590 he was killed by Cossacks who raided Voronezh.
• Prince Danilo Ivanovich Dolgoruky-Shibanovsky(died in 1626) upon the accession of Mikhail Fedorovich, he was made a okolnichy, was a governor in Kaluga; in 1618, during the siege of Moscow by Vladislav's troops, he defended the Kaluga Gate.
• Prince Grigory Ivanovich Dolgoruky-Shibanovsky, by nickname Crap , brother of the previous one, was a governor in different cities, participated in campaigns against the Crimeans and in the Livonian War; enjoyed great confidence of Fyodor Ioannovich and Boris Godunov.
• Prince Grigory Borisovich Dolgoruky(d. 1613), nickname Grove , in 1608 he was appointed first governor of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, repelled several attacks by Polish troops, made successful forays and, finally, forced the Poles to retreat from the Lavra. In 1613 he was killed during the defense of Vologda against the Poles.
• Prince Vladimir Timofeevich Dolgoruky(d. 1633) - boyar in 1607, voivode in Kazan in 1615, judge in the patriarchal court in 1624. In 1624, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich married his daughter, Princess Maria; but four months after the marriage, the young queen died. Struck by her death, Vladimir Timofeevich withdrew from the court and died in 1633 in complete solitude.
• Yuri Alekseevich Dolgoruky(d. May 15, 1682), prince, boyar (1648) and voivode. Close associate of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. He won a number of victories in the Russian-Polish War (1654-1667), including in 1659 he defeated Hetman Gonsevsky near Volna and took him prisoner; and in 1661, near Mogilev, he defeated Hetman Sapega. On August 1, 1670, he led the troops operating in the Arzamas region and Nizhny Novgorod against the detachments of S.T. Razin, defeated him near Simbirsk and brutally suppressed the uprising. In 1676, he became the head of the Streletsky Prikaz, and was also appointed guardian of the young Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, who then fell under the influence of Dolgorukov’s son, the boyar Prince Mikhail Yuryevich. Killed along with his son during the Moscow Uprising of 1682. His son Mikhail was killed first; Yuri Alekseevich, consoling the wife of the deceased, had the imprudence to say: “Don’t cry, daughter! The villains ate the pike, but the teeth remained intact. They should all be on the chopping block!” The archers, hearing these words, tormented the old man and, finally killing him, dragged his corpse to the frontal place, where they threw fish at him, shouting: “Eat the fish yourself!” Only on the third day were the bodies of father and son buried.
• Mikhail Yurievich Dolgoruky(d. May 15, 1682), son of the previous one, prince, boyar (1671). Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, on whom Mikhail Yuryevich had great influence, made him the head of the Discharge Order. In 1682, he took an active part in the destruction of localism. Killed by archers along with his father during the Moscow Uprising of 1682.
• Yakov Fedorovich Dolgorukov- Prince, associate of Peter I from the period of the struggle for power with Princess Sofia Alekseevna. He received a very good education for that time, under the guidance of a Polish mentor, and was fluent in Latin. In 1682, during the Streltsy revolt, he openly took the side of Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich, who made him his room steward. Princess Sophia, fearing his influence on her brother, sent Dolgorukov in 1687 as ambassador to France and Spain to ask these states for help in the upcoming war with Turkey. The embassy was not successful. In 1689, at the height of the feud between Peter and Sophia, Dolgorukov was one of the first to appear to Peter in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, for which, after the overthrow of Sophia, he was appointed judge of the Moscow Prikaz. In 1695 and 1696, he was in both Azov campaigns and was elevated to the rank of a nearby boyar. Leaving abroad in 1697, Peter I entrusted Dolgorukov with guarding the southern border and monitoring Little Russia. In 1700, with the establishment of the “Order of Military Affairs,” the commissariat and provisions parts were subordinated to Dolgorukov, that is, thus, Dolgorukov headed the military-administrative and military-judicial part of the newly created regular army. However, in the same year, in the battle of Narva, he was captured and languished in captivity for more than ten years, first in Stockholm, then in Jakobstadt. Sent from there to Umea, on a schooner on which there were 44 Russian prisoners and only 20 Swedes, Dolgorukov, together with his comrades, disarmed the Swedes and ordered the skipper to go to Revel, which was then already in our power. Peter appointed Dolgorukov a senator (1711), instructing him to continue to serve as General-Krieg Commissioner. During his captivity in Sweden, Dolgorukov had the opportunity to become closely acquainted with the Swedish order and political system and therefore became a very useful adviser to Peter, especially in establishing collegial government. In 1717, the sovereign ordered Dolgorukov to preside over the Revision Board. Here Dolgorukov appeared as a strict and incorruptible controller of treasury income and expenses, invariably guided by the rule expressed when deciding one case in the Senate: “The Tsar is truly the best servant. To serve is not to lisp; to lisp is not to serve.” The name of Dolgorukov passed on to posterity and became popular, thanks to the many surviving stories about him, testifying to his straightforwardness and incorruptibility.
• Grigory Fedorovich Dolgoruky- prince, diplomat; brother of the previous one. In 1700 he was sent by Peter I to the Polish King Augustus II with a secret order to come to an agreement with the king regarding a plan of military action against the Swedes. Subsequently, in 1701-1721, with short breaks, he was envoy extraordinary to Poland. With the participation of Dolgorukov, an alliance treaty with Poland was concluded in 1701, and the Narva Union Treaty was concluded in 1704. Skillfully kept Poland within the anti-Swedish Northern Alliance. When, in 1706, Charles XII occupied Warsaw and forced Augustus II to abdicate the throne, Dolgorukov returned to Russia. In 1708, after Mazepa’s betrayal, he led the election of a new Little Russian hetman and promoted Skoropadsky, a loyal Russian hetman, to this title; in 1709 he distinguished himself in the Battle of Poltava. In the same year he was again appointed ambassador to Poland. In 1717, he settled the conflict between Augustus II and supporters of the former Polish king - protege of Charles XII - Stanislav Leszczynski. He supported Russian-oriented groups of the Polish gentry. His concerns about the interests of Russia and Orthodoxy aroused such hatred of the Polish clergy and Poles against him that in 1721, at his own request, he was recalled from Warsaw and received the title of senator.
• Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgoruky [January 1667 - February 11 (22), 1746, St. Petersburg], prince, field marshal general (1728). Son of a boyar, steward since 1685. In 1700 he joined the Preobrazhensky Regiment and participated in the Northern War (1700-1721), namely in the campaigns of 1705 and 1707. and distinguished himself during the capture of Mitava. In 1708 he led the suppression of the Bulavinsky uprising. During the Battle of Poltava, he commanded the reserve cavalry and contributed to the complete defeat of the Swedes. He served under the Ukrainian hetman I.S. Mazepa (1706-07) and I.I. Skoropadsky (since 1709). He accompanied Peter the Great on the Prut campaign of 1711. When the Russian army was surrounded by the Turks, Dolgoruky joined Sheremetev’s proposal to “pave the road with bayonets or die.” In 1713 he distinguished himself during the capture of Stetin. in 1715 he was the chairman of a special commission appointed by the tsar to investigate forgeries and thefts in the provision sector, committed with the participation of Prince A.D. Menshikova; then, due to Peter’s illness, he was sent by him to Poland “in his place, for better management of affairs,” and in 1716 and 1717. accompanied the sovereign on his second trip abroad. Despite Peter's disposition, Vasily Vladimirovich was not particularly sympathetic to many of his reforms and joined the supporters and advisers of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. When, in 1718, a trial was established over the prince, Dolgoruky was stripped of his ranks and exiled to Solikamsk. Only on the day of the coronation of Empress Catherine I, May 7, 1724, was he allowed to re-enter service with the rank of colonel. In 1726 he became general-in-chief and was appointed commander-in-chief of the troops concentrated in the Caucasus. Under Peter II, Vasily Vladimirovich was summoned to Moscow by relatives who wanted to have at hand a person close to them, who was famous in the army. In 1728, Dolgoruky was promoted to field marshal and appointed a member of the Supreme Privy Council. After the death of Peter Dolgorukov, at a meeting of the Supreme Privy Council on January 19, 1730, he resolutely resisted the limitation of autocracy proposed by princes D.M. Golitsyn and V.L. Dolgorukov. Thanks to this, when the Dolgorukovs fell into disgrace, Vasily Vladimirovich was the only member of this family who retained his position. But the cruel persecution brought against his relatives irritated him to such an extent that he had the imprudence to reproach the empress in harsh terms and was exiled to Ivangorod (December 1730). When in 1731 a case arose about the forged spiritual will of Peter II, Dolgoruky was arrested and imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress, in 1737 he was exiled to Ivangorod, and in 1739 he was imprisoned in the Solovetsky Monastery, although his whole guilt was that he knew about the plans their relatives. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna (there is an indication that Vasily Vladimirovich was her godfather) called him back to court, restored him to the rank of field marshal and appointed him president of the Military Collegium (1741). In this rank, he introduced several significant improvements in the organization of the Russian army and its supply of clothing.
• Vladimir Vladimirovich Dolgoruky(1667-1750) - prince, brother of the previous one. In 1711 he was appointed senator; in 1718, in the case of Tsarevich Alexei, he was arrested and exiled to distant villages, from where he was returned in 1721. From 1724 to 1730 he was vice-governor of Siberia. Following his brother, in 1731, he had to settle in his village, and in 1739 he was exiled to the Solovetsky Monastery. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna returned all his honors to him and appointed him a senator.
• Vasily Lukich Dolgoruky[about 1670 - 8(19).11.1739, Novgorod], prince, diplomat. In 1687 he was a member of the embassy of his uncle Ya.F. Dolgoruky in Paris. In 1706 ambassador to Poland; in 1707-20 - in Denmark. In 1709, after the Battle of Poltava, despite the opposition of England and Holland, Prince Dolgoruky restored the alliance with Denmark.
• In 1721-22 he was envoy to Paris. In 1724 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to Warsaw, and after the death of Peter I - to Sweden, to counter the influence of England there. Upon returning to Russia (1727), he became a member of the Supreme Privy Council. He was an active participant in the so-called conspiracy of the “supreme leaders” and in 1730 he was exiled to the Solovetsky Monastery. In 1739 he was executed as a result of the political trial in the Dolgoruky case., prince, author of memoirs. During the Seven Years' War (1756-63) and two Russian-Turkish wars (1768-1774 and 1787-91) he was in the active army, participated in the battle of Groß-Jägersdorf, in the Battle of Chesme 1770, etc. He led an unsuccessful expedition to Montenegro during during the first Russian-Turkish war.
• Ivan Mikhailovich Dolgorukov, prince, writer, author of memoirs. In 1791-97 vice-governor of Penza, in 1802-12 governor in Vladimir.
• Vasily Andreevich Dolgorukov Author of lyrical poems, comedies, and memoirs.
• Vladimir Andreevich Dolgorukov Written in the form of weather records, Dolgorukov’s memoirs characterize the upbringing and education of children, the life and culture of the great nobility.
• , prince, adjutant general (from 1845), large landowner.(1816-1868), prince, statesman, historian, genealogist. Since 1859, he lived abroad and did not appear in Russia when called by the government, as a result of which he was deprived of all the rights of his estate and declared expelled from Russia. In 1861, Dolgorukov published a Russian political newspaper in Paris: "Future";