Famous writers and poets

Abe Kobo(1924–1993) - Japanese writer, poet, screenwriter, director. Novels “The Woman in the Sands”, “Alien Face”, “The Burnt Map”, etc.

Amadou Jorge(1912–2001) - Brazilian writer, public and political figure. His novels (“Endless Lands”, “Gabriela, Cinnamon and Cloves”, “Shepherds of the Night”, “Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands”, “The Miracle Shop”, “Teresa Batista, Tired of War”, “Ambush”) have been translated almost into 50 languages ​​of the world have been repeatedly filmed and formed the basis for theatrical and radio plays.

Andersen Hans Christian(1805–1875) - Danish writer and poet, author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults: “The Ugly Duckling”, “The King’s New Clothes”, “The Shadow”, “The Princess and the Pea”, etc.

Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich(1871–1919) - Russian writer of the Silver Age. Stories (“Bergamot and Garaska”, etc.), dramas (“Anatema”, etc.). IN last years life became close to the decadents.

Updike John(b. 1932) - American novelist, poet, essayist and literary critic. Updike's most famous work is a series of novels starring a character named Harry "Rabbit" Engstrom: "Rabbit, Run!" (1960), “Rabbit Healed” (1971), “Rabbit Got Rich” (1981).

Ariosto Ludovico(1474–1533) - humanist poet of the Italian Renaissance. His poem “Furious Roland” is imbued with subtle irony.

Aristophanes(c. 450 BC - between 387 and 380 BC) - ancient Greek playwright, “father of comedy,” the most famous representative of the so-called ancient Attic comedy.

Akhmatova Anna Andreevna (Gorenko)(1889–1966) - Russian poetess. In her youth she joined the Acmeists (collections “Evening”, “Rosary”). Characteristics Akhmatova’s creativity can be called fidelity to the moral foundations of existence, a subtle understanding of the psychology of feeling, comprehension of the national tragedies of the 20th century, coupled with personal experiences, and an affinity for the classical style of poetic language. The autobiographical cycle of poems “Requiem” is one of the first poetic works dedicated to the victims of repression of the 1930s.

Babel Isaac Emmanuilovich(1894–1941) - Russian Soviet writer. Stories about the Civil War in the collection "Cavalry", short stories ("Odessa Stories"), plays, etc.

Byron George Noel Gordon(1788–1824) - English romantic poet (poems “The Corsair”, “Manfred”, etc.).

Balzac Honore de(1799–1850) - French writer. He wrote a series of novels and short stories, “The Human Comedy,” consisting of 90 works, in which he showed the most diverse aspects of the life of his contemporary society.

Balmont Konstantin Dmitrievich (1867–1942) - Russian symbolist poet, essayist, one of the most prominent representatives of Russian poetry of the Silver Age.

Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich (1800–1844) - Russian romantic poet, author of many elegies and philosophical lyric poems.

Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787–1855) - Russian poet. He headed the anacreontic trend in Russian poetry, sang the fun and joy of life.

Begbede Frederic(R. 1965) - modern French prose writer, publicist, literary critic and editor.

Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich (1811–1848) - Russian literary critic, publicist.

Bely Andrey (Bugaev Boris Nikolaevich) (1880–1934)- Russian writer, poet, critic, one of the leading figures of Russian symbolism.

Belyaev Alexander Romanovich (1884–1942) - Soviet science fiction writer, one of the founders of Soviet science fiction literature. Among the famous works: “The Head of Professor Dowell”, “Amphibian Man”, “Ariel”, “KETS Star” (KETS are the initials of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky) and many others (in total more than 70 science fiction works, including 13 novels).

Beranger Pierre Jean (1780-1857) - French songwriter, satirist. His work is distinguished by humor, optimism, and rejection of hypocrisy. Beranger's songs gained wide popularity.

Burgess Anthony (1917-1993) - English novelist, essayist and translator, whose talent was most clearly demonstrated in his brilliant command of the language. Burgess's most famous work is A Clockwork Orange. (1962).

Bestuzhev-Marlinsky (Bestuzhev) Alexander Alexandrovich

(1797–1837) - Russian writer, Decembrist. One of the first novelists, founded the almanac "Polar Star".

Bianki Vitaly Valentinovich(1894–1959) - Russian Soviet children's writer. He wrote popular books about nature (“Forest Newspaper”, etc.).

Bierce Ambrose Gwinnett(1842-?) American satirist writer. In his dark, so-called “scary” stories, he explored the dark sides of human character. At the end of 1913, the writer went to Mexico, gripped by revolutionary events, from where on December 26 he wrote his last letter to his daughter. The further fate of the writer is not known with certainty.

Beecher Stowe Harriet(1811–1896) - American writer. The novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" shows the horrors of slavery, imbued with compassion and mercy for black Americans.

Blok Alexander Alexandrovich(1880–1921) - Russian poet (“Poems about the Beautiful Lady”, poem “The Twelve”). His poetry is characterized by insight, awareness of the tragedy of modern man, and refinement of form.

Bo Ju Yi(772–846) - classic of Chinese poetry (“Qin Chant”). Bo Ju Yi's quatrains are marked by clarity and depth of thought.

Boccaccio Giovanni(1313–1375) - famous Italian writer and poet, an outstanding representative of the humanistic literature of the Renaissance. Author of poems on subjects ancient mythology, the psychological story “Fiammetta”, pastorals, sonnets. The main work is “The Decameron” - a book of erotic, realistic short stories, imbued with humanistic ideas, the spirit of freethinking and anticlericalism, rejection of ascetic morality, and cheerful humor.

Beaumarchais Pierre Aupostin Caron de(1732–1799) - French playwright, who became famous thanks to the play “The Barber of Seville”, the name of the hero Figaro became a household name.

Borges Jorge Luis(1889–1986) - Argentine writer, essayist, cultural critic, unsurpassed master of the short story.

Brecht Berthold(1898–1956) - German playwright, prose writer, poet, director (“The Threepenny Opera”, “The Threepenny Novel”, “The Life of Galileo”, “ a kind person from Szechwan”, etc.).

Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich(1942–1996) - Russian Soviet and American poet, essayist, playwright, translator, winner of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature. His poems are distinguished by their depth of philosophical thought and perfect form.

Bradbury Ray Douglas(b. 1920) - American science fiction writer (“The Martian Chronicles”, “Dandelion Wine”, “Fahrenheit 451”, etc.).

Bryusov Valery Yakovlevich(1873–1924) - Russian poet, verse theorist (collections of poems “To the City and the World”, “Dali”, etc.).

Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasyevich(1891–1940) - Russian writer and playwright. Author of novels, stories, collections of stories, feuilletons and about two dozen plays (novels " White Guard", "The Master and Margarita", plays "Running", etc.).

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich(1870–1953) - Russian poet, writer, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1909), laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933.

Vega Lope de(1562–1635) - Spanish playwright, founder of Spanish national drama.

Virgil(70–19 BC) - classical poet Ancient Rome, author of the poem "Aeneid" about the legendary founder of Rome.

Verlaine Paul(1844–1896) - French poet, one of the founders of symbolism and decadence.

Vern Jules(1828–1905) - French science fiction writer who created more than 65 novels and other works that significantly contributed to the development of science fiction literature.

Villon Francois(b. between 1.4.1431 and 19.4.1432 -?), French poet. In 1463 he was convicted of brawling and sentenced to hang. While waiting for death, he wrote “The Ballad of the Hanged.” But the execution was canceled, and Villon was expelled from Paris. Villon later took part in poetry competitions at the court of Duke Charles of Orleans. Since 1464 his fate has been unknown.

Vizbor Yuri Iosifovich(1934–1984) - Russian poet, bard, film actor. Author of words and music of many songs.

Voznesensky Andrey Andreevich(b. 1933) - Russian Soviet poet, an architect by education. I searched and found new, modern poetic forms (collections “Antiworlds”, “Oza”, etc.).

Voynich Ethel Lilian(1864–1960) - English writer and composer. The pinnacle of creativity is the novel "Gadfly".

Voloshin (Kirienko-Voloshin) Maximilian Alexandrovich(1877–1932) - Russian decadent poet, distinguished by the originality of his form and the depth of his philosophical generalization (collections “Iverni”, “Deaf-Mute Demons”, etc.).

Voltaire (Marie Francois Arouet)(1694–1778) - French writer, educator and philosopher (“Candide”, etc.), fighter against religious intolerance and obscurantism.

Galich Alexander (Ginzburg Alexander Arkadievich) (1918–1977) - Russian poet, oppositional to the Soviet regime. His poems and songs were distributed throughout the country in tape recordings and samizdat.

Gamzatov Rasul Gamzatovich(b. 1923) - Avar Soviet poet, whose work is distinguished by high lyricism, folk color and humanism.

Hamsun (Pedersen) Knut(1859–1952) - Norwegian writer and playwright. Psychological novels(“Hunger”, “Pan”, etc., plays).

Garshin Vsevolod Mikhailovich(1855–1888) - Russian writer. His stories (“Four Days”, “Coward”, etc.) express a heightened sense of social injustice.

Hauff Wilhelm(1802–1827) - German writer and storyteller (“Little Muk”, etc.).

Hasek Yaroslav(1883–1923) - Czech satirist writer, author of the novel “The Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk” - one of the best satirical novels in the history of literature.

Heine Heinrich(1797–1856) - an outstanding lyric German poet (“Germany. Winter's Tale") and publicist.

Herzen Alexander Ivanovich(1812–1870) - Russian writer and publicist, emigrant, founder of the Free Russian Printing House in London, publisher of the Bell magazine, author of many stories and novels (The Past and Thoughts, etc.).

Hesse Hermann(1877–1962) - German writer, poet, critic, publicist. Nobel Prize Laureate.

Goethe Johann Wolfgang(1749–1832) - great German poet and thinker, founder of German literature of modern times.

Gogol Nikolay Vasilievich(1809–1852) - Russian writer and playwright, author of the plays “The Inspector General,” “Marriage,” and the epic “ Dead Souls"and others. The head of the so-called "natural school", satirist, philosopher. He had a tremendous influence on the development of Russian and Ukrainian literature.

Galsworthy John(1867–1933) - English writer, author of the trilogies “The Forsyte Saga”, “Modern Comedy”, “End of the Chapter”. Nobel laureate.

Homer(VIII–VII centuries BC) - legendary poet of Ancient Greece, author of the epic poems “Iliad” and “Odyssey”.

Goncourt brothers Edmond(1822–1896) and Jules(1830–1870) - classics French literature. Novels from the life of various strata of French society (“Germinie Lacerte”, “René Mauprin”), memoirs. The story “The Zemgano Brothers”, written by Edmond after his brother’s death, became widely known. Founders of the Prix Goncourt.

Gonchar Oles (Alexander Terentievich)(1918–1995) - Ukrainian Soviet writer. Novels “Cathedral”, “Tronka” and others. Classics of modern Ukrainian literature.

Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich(1812–1891) - Russian writer. Novels " An ordinary story", "Oblomov", "Cliff", a series of travel essays "Frigate "Pallada with< » и др.

Horace (Quintus Horace Flaccus)(65-8 BC) - ancient Roman poet, author of satires, odes, epistles, which became an example of classicism.

Gorky Maxim (Peshkov Alexey Maximovich)(1868–1936) - Russian writer and playwright, public figure. In his works he reflected a broad picture of Russian life before the revolution.

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor Amadeus(1776–1822) - German writer, storyteller, composer and painter, who possessed subtle irony and whimsical imagination with a touch of mysticism.

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich(1795–1829) - Russian writer, poet and diplomat, author of the rhyming play “Woe from Wit.”

Grimm, brothers Jacob(1785–1863) and William(1786–1859) - German scientists and writers, storytellers, philologists and folklorists.

Green Alexander (Grinevsky Alexander Stepanovich)(1880–1932) - Russian writer, romantic. Sang high moral qualities person. Extravaganza " Scarlet Sails”, the story “Running on the Waves”, etc.

Green Graham(1904–1991) - English writer, poet, playwright, publicist, screenwriter, critic. Master of political detective (“Istanbul Express”, “The Quiet American”, “Our Man in Havana”, etc.).

Gulak-Artemovsky Petr Petrovich(1790–1865) - prominent Ukrainian writer and fabulist. In the history of Ukrainian literature, the significance of Gulak-Artemovsky is determined by his position as the next poet after Kotlyarevsky, who, using the latter’s creative methods (burlesque, travesty), tried to introduce a number of new genres into Ukrainian literature (ballads: “Tvardovsky”, “Fisherman”).

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich(1886–1921) - Russian poet of the Silver Age, Acmeist, romantic. His poems are marked by sophistication of form, decorativeness, and brightness of poetic language.

Hugo Victor Marie(1802–1885) - French classical writer, author widely famous novels"Cathedral Notre Dame of Paris", "Toilers of the Sea", "Les Miserables" and other plays.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich(1784–1839) - Russian poet, hussar, general, partisan hero Patriotic War 1812, author of “Hussar Lyrics”.

Dal Vladimir Ivanovich(1801–1872) - Russian ethnographer and linguist, compiler of the famous four-volume “ Explanatory dictionary living Great Russian language."

Dante Alighieri(1265–1321) - Italian poet, creator of the Italian literary language. The pinnacle of Dante's work is the poem "The Divine Comedy".

Darrell Gerald Malcolm(1925–1995) - English zoologist, writer and director, author of more than 30 books, which, thanks to his relaxed manner and unsurpassed humor, brought him worldwide fame.

Derzhavin Gabriel Romanovich(1743–1816) - Russian poet of the Enlightenment, a representative of classicism, who significantly transformed it (“Felitsa”, “To Rulers and Judges”, etc.).

Defoe Daniel(1660–1731) - English writer, author of Robinson Crusoe. He spoke in defense of religious tolerance and freedom of speech.

Jalil Musa(1906–1944) - Tatar poet. He died in the dungeons of the Gestapo, from where, before his death, he handed over the cycle of poems “The Moabit Notebook.”

Jerome Klapka Jerome(1859–1927) - English humorist writer, author of the still popular story “Three in a Boat, Not Counting a Dog.”

Joyce James(1882–1941) - Irish writer, head of the “stream of consciousness” school. His novel Ulysses is considered by many critics to be the most innovative work of the 20th century.

Dickens Charles(1812–1870) - English writer, one of the greatest English-language prose writers of the 19th century, humanist, classic of world literature. Author of the novels “Posthumous Notes” Pickwick Club", "Dombey and Son", "Bleak House", "The Adventures of Oliver Twist", etc.

Dovlatov Sergey Donatovich(1941–1990) - Russian writer, since 1978 in the USA. In autobiographical sketches, stories, novels, he ironically recreates the absurd Soviet reality and the life of the Russian emigration.

Daudet Alphonse(1840–1897) - French writer, author of the humorous trilogy “The Extraordinary Adventures of Tartarin of Tarasco” and others.

Dos Passos John(1896–1970) - American writer, representative of the "Lost Generation" in the First World War. Experimental in form, the epic trilogy “USA”, etc.

Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich(1821–1881) - an outstanding Russian writer. In the novels “Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov” and others, he passionately sought the causes of human vices, looked for ways to social and personal harmony.

Dreiser Theodor(1871–1945) - American writer (trilogy “Titan”, “Financier”, “Genius”).

Du Fu(712–770) - Chinese poet. His poetry is called “history in verse.”

Dumas Father Alexander(1802–1870) - French writer whose adventure novels historical topic(“The Three Musketeers”, “Twenty Years Later”, etc.) made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world.

Dürrenmatt Friedrich(1921–1990) - Swiss playwright, philosopher, essayist (novel “The Judge and His Executioner”, plays “Crash”, “Physicists”, etc.).

Euripides(c. 480 BC - 406 BC) - ancient Greek playwright. From his works, 17 tragedies (out of 92) and one satyr drama (“Cyclops”) have survived to this day.

Ershov Petr Pavlovich(1815–1869) - Russian writer, author of the fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse.”

Yesenin Sergey Alexandrovich(1895–1925) - Russian poet, one of the most popular and famous poets of the 20th century.

Efremov Ivan Antonovich(1907–1972) - Russian Soviet science fiction writer, author of the novels “The Andromeda Nebula”, “The Hour of the Ox”, “The Razor’s Edge”, etc.

George Sand (Dupin Amanda Lucille)(1804–1876) - French writer, author of the novels “The Sin of Monsieur Antoine”, “Consuelo”, in which she defended the ideas of personal liberation.

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich(1783–1852) - Russian poet and translator, friend of A. S. Pushkin, author of many ballads and songs. One of the creators of Russian romanticism.

Zola Emile(1840–1902) - French writer, one of the most significant representatives of second realism half of the 19th century V. - leader and theorist of the so-called naturalistic movement.

Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich(1895–1958) - Russian Soviet writer, humorist and satirist. Numerous stories, philosophical essays "Blue Book".

Ilf Ilya (Fainzilberg Ilya Arnoldovich)(1897–1937) - Russian Soviet satirist writer (together with E. Petrov - “The Twelve Chairs”, “The Golden Calf”).

Ionesco Eugene(1909–1994) - French playwright Romanian origin, one of the founders of the aesthetic movement of absurdism (theater of the absurd).

Irving Washington(1783–1859) - American writer, one of the founders of classical American literature, the first American writer to achieve wide recognition in Europe.

Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich(1902–1982) - Russian Soviet writer, author of the novels “Two Captains”, “Open Book”, etc.

Camoes (Camoes) Luis de(1524–1580) - the largest Portuguese poet of the Renaissance, author of the epic poem “The Lusiads” about Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India.

Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich(1766–1826) - Russian sentimentalist writer, historian (“ Poor Lisa", "History of the Russian State" in 12 volumes).

Kataev Valentin Petrovich(1897–1986) - Russian Soviet writer, author of the stories “The Lonely Sail Whitens”, “Son of the Regiment”, etc., memoirs about his contemporaries (“My Diamond Crown”).

Kafka Franz(1883–1924) - Austrian writer. Author of the novels “The Trial”, “Castle”, “America”, as well as a number of short stories. His works, combining elements of expressionism and surrealism, had a significant influence on the philosophy and culture of the 20th century.

Kvitka-Osnovyanenko (Kvitka) Grigory Fedorovich(1778–1843) - Ukrainian writer and playwright, representative of the “natural school”. He wrote comedies (“Shelmenko the Batman” and others), novels (“Pan Khalyavsky” and others).

Keezy Ken(1935–2001) - American writer who is considered one of the main writers of the beatnik and hippie generations, having a great influence on the formation of these movements and their culture. Kesey's most famous work is the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.

Kipling Joseph Rudyard(1865–1936) - English poet and writer (ballads, poems, stories about the life of a boy among animals “Mowgli”, etc.), the first Englishman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Kolas Yakub (Mitskevich Konstantin Mikhailovich)(1882–1956) - Belarusian Soviet poet and prose writer, one of the founders of modern Belarusian literature.

Conan Doyle Arthur(1859–1930) - English writer, classicist detective genre. The most famous are his detective works about Sherlock Holmes, science fiction about Professor Challenger, humorous works about Brigadier Gerard, as well as historical novels.

Korolenko Vladimir Galaktionovich(1853–1921) - Russian writer (stories “The Blind Musician”, etc.). Democrat and humanist.

Cortazar Julio(1914–1984) - Argentine writer. Among the most famous works of Cortazar are the novels “The Hopscotch Game”, “62. Model for assembly”, “Book of Manuel”, collection of stories “Bestiary”, etc.

Coster Charles de(1827–1879) - an outstanding Belgian writer, author of the novel “The Legend of Ulenspiegel.”

Kotlyarevsky Ivan Petrovich(1769–1838) - an outstanding Ukrainian writer, playwright, the first classic of new Ukrainian literature, the first author to write in Ukrainian. One of the ideologists of the Enlightenment in Ukraine.

Kotsyubinsky Mikhail Mikhailovich(1864–1913) - Ukrainian writer, classic of Ukrainian literature (story “Fata morgana”, etc.).

Coelho Paolo(b. 1947) - Brazilian writer and poet. He published a total of about 150 books - novels, commentary anthologies, collections of short stories, parables and children's fairy tales.

Christy Agatha(1891–1976) - English writer, classic of the detective genre (85 novels, plays, stories).

Krylov Ivan Andreevich(1769–1844) - great Russian fabulist and playwright. Created more than 200 fables.

Kunanbaev Abay(1845–1904) - Kazakh poet, founder of new written Kazakh literature.

Kupala Yanka (Lutsevich Ivan Dominikovich)(1882–1942) - classic of Belarusian literature, poet, playwright, publicist.

Cooper James Fenimore(1789–1851) - famous American novelist, author of many adventure novels(“St. John’s wort”, “Pathfinder”, “The Last of the Mohicans”, etc.).

Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich(1870–1938) - Russian humanist writer, author of many novels and short stories (“The Duel”, “The Pit”, “ Garnet bracelet" and etc.).

Carroll Lewis (Dodgson Charles Latwidge) (1832–1898)- English writer and mathematician, author of the story “Alice in Wonderland.”

Lagerlöf Selma (1858–1940)- Swedish writer, author of the children's book “The Wonderful Journey of Nils Holgersson” and others, the first woman to receive Nobel Prize on literature.

Larni Martti Johannes (1909–1993) - Finnish writer, poet, journalist. Author of the novels “Dear Poor and Their Motley Company”, “Impatient Passion”, “Heaven Came to Earth”, “The Fourth Vertebrae, or the Reluctant Fraud”, “The Beautiful Pig Farm, or Memoirs of Economic Adviser Minna Karlsson-Kananen”, “About This Out Loud” do not speak".

Lafontaine Jean de (1621–1695) - French fabulist, playwright, writer, thinker and satirist.

Lem Stanislav(R. 1921) - Polish science fiction writer, whose works have been translated into more than 40 languages, philosopher, futurologist, author of “Star Diaries”, stories “Solaris”, “Return from the Stars”, etc.

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814–1841) - Russian poet, classic of Russian literature. His poems, poems, the story “Hero of Our Time,” along with the works of A. S. Pushkin, became textbooks (“On the Death of a Poet,” “Borodino,” poems “Mtsyri,” “Demon,” etc.).

Leskov Nikolai Semenovich (1831–1895) - Russian writer, author of many stories and tales from folk life, great master language.

Li Bo (711-762) - Chinese poet, one of the most revered poets in history Chinese literature. He left behind about 1,100 works.

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia (1907-2002) - Swedish writer, author of the world famous works for children “Pippi” Long stocking", "Carlson, who lives on the roof", "Emil from Lenneberga", etc.

Longfellow Henry Wadsworth (1807–1882) - American poet. Author of "The Song of Hiawatha" and other poems and poems.

London Jack (Griffith John)(1876–1916) - American writer. Stories about the life of the North, the utopian novel “The Iron Heel”, the novel “Martin Eden”, etc.

Lorca Federico Garcia(1898–1936) - an outstanding Spanish poet and playwright, author of many poems characterized by a fiery temperament and a premonition of a tragic end.

Lucian(c. 120–190) - ancient Greek writer. Lucian's work, which has not come down to us in the originals, is extensive and includes philosophical dialogues, satires, biographies and novels of adventure and travel (often openly parodic), related to the prehistory of science fiction.

Lucretius (Car Titus Lucretius)(c. 99–55 BC) - Roman poet and philosopher. In the poetic poem “On the Nature of Things” he systematically outlined the materialist philosophy of antiquity.

Mine Reed (Reed Thomas Mine)(1818–1883) - English writer, author of fascinating adventure novels (“The Headless Horseman”, etc.).

Mandelstam Osip Emilievich(1891–1938) - Russian poet, one of the creators of Acmeism, was distinguished by his vivid and imaginative perception of the world. Repressed, died in the camps (poetry collection “Stone”, cycle of poems “Voronezh Notebooks”, etc.)

Mann Thomas(1875–1955) - great German writer, essayist, master of the epic novel, Nobel Prize laureate in literature. The novel "Buddenbrooks" and others.

Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich(1887–1964) - Russian Soviet poet, translator, classic of literature for children.

Matsuo Basho (Munefusa)(1644–1694) - a great Japanese poet who played a major role in the development of the haikai (haiku) poetic genre.

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich(1893–1930) - Russian Soviet poet, reformer of the poetic genre, author of numerous poems and poems (“Cloud in pants”, “About this”, “At the top of my voice”, etc.).

Melville Herman(1819–1891) - American writer. As a young man, Melville spent several years among a tribe of cannibals in the Marquesas Islands. The writer's most famous work is the novel "Moby Dick, or the White Whale" - complex work, full of monologues, philosophical digressions, stories about the life of whales (which at times look like pages from a biology textbook) and the intricacies of whaling.

Merimee Prosper(1803–1870) - French writer, master of short stories (including Carmen, which served as the basis for the opera by J. Wiese), as well as historical novels and plays.

Milne Allen Alexander(1882–1956) - English writer, author of poems and fairy tales for children (“Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all”, etc.).

Milton John(1608–1674) - English poet and publicist, author of poems (“Paradise Lost”, “Paradise Regained”, etc.).

Mishima Yukio (Hiraoka Kimitake)(1925–1970) - Japanese writer, playwright, theater and film director, actor. The author of 40 novels, 15 of which were filmed during his lifetime, as well as many plays, short stories, and several volumes of literary essays. On November 25, 1970, together with several comrades, he tried to seize a military base and call on fellow citizens to carry out a coup d'etat. After the failure of this attempt, he committed suicide by committing seppuku.

Mitchell Margaret Munerlyn(1900–1949) - American writer, known as the author of the novel Gone with the Wind (1936).

Mickiewicz Adam(1798–1855) - Polish poet, founder of romanticism, considered a national poet and one of the greatest representatives of Slavic literature.

Moliere (Poquelin Jean Baptiste)(1622–1673) - French playwright and actor. He created a new type of comedy, exposing social vices, the greatest comedian of France and new Europe, creator of classical comedy, actor by profession, theater director. Comedies “Don Juan”, “Tartuffe”, “The Misanthrope”, etc.

Maupassant Guy de(1850–1893) - French writer. He exposed the hypocrisy, spiritual squalor, and hypocrisy of his contemporary society (the novels “Life”, “Mont-Ariol”, “Dear Friend”, etc.).

Nabokov Vladimir(1899–1977) - Russian and American writer. He wrote in Russian, and since the 1940s - in English. Among the most famous examples of creativity are the novels “Mashenka”, “The Defense of Luzhin”, “Invitation to Execution”, “The Gift”. The writer gained fame among the general public after the publication of the scandalous novel “Lolita,” which was later adapted into several film adaptations.

Navoi Nizam-ad-din (Mir Alisher)(1441–1501) - Uzbek writer, poet, scientist. The pinnacle of creativity is the book “Five” (“Khamse”), which contains five poems, including the most famous “Leili and Majnun”.

Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich(1821–1878) - Russian poet. Many of his poems became textbooks, and those set to music became folk songs.

Neruda Pablo (Basualto Naftali Ricardo Reyes)(1904–1973) - Chilean poet (“General Song”, etc.), Nobel Prize laureate.

Nizami Ganjavi (Abu Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf) (1141–1209) - Azerbaijani poet and thinker, author of many lyrical poems and poems, including “Seven Beauties” and others.

Ovid (Naso Publius Ovid) (43 BC e. - OK. 18 n. BC) - Roman poet, author of the mythological epic “Metamorphoses”, poems and poems about love.

Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich(1924–1997) - Russian poet, bard, writer. His poems and historical stories are distinguished by deep lyricism and humanity.

Orwell George (Eric Arthur Blair)(1903–1950) - English writer and publicist, master of social dystopia exposing the totalitarian system (“Animal Farm”, “1984”).

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich(1823–1886) - Russian playwright, recognized as the founder of the Russian movement in the history of world drama.

Pavic Milorad(b. 1929) - Serbian writer, poet, translator and literary historian. The novel “The Khazar Dictionary” brought Pavich worldwide fame.

Palahniuk (Palagniuk) Chuck(b. 1962) - contemporary American writer and journalist. He is best known as the author of the book “Fight Club,” which was adapted into a film of the same name in 1999.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich(1890–1960) - Russian poet, prose writer, translator (“My Sister is Life”, “Doctor Zhivago”, etc.), who created works distinguished by the depth of thinking and the beauty of poetic language.

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich(1892–1968) - Russian Soviet writer, romanticist, master of lyrical prose (“Golden Rose”, etc.).

Perrault Charles(1628–1703) - French writer and storyteller (“Puss in Boots”, “Cinderella”, etc.).

Petofi Sandor(1823–1849) - Hungarian poet, revolutionary, national hero, author of poems (“Vityaz Janos”, etc.).

Petrarch Francesco(1304–1374) - Italian poet, head of the older generation of humanists, one of the greatest figures of the Italian Renaissance.

Petrov Evgeniy (Evgeniy Petrovich Kataev)(1903–1942) - Russian Soviet writer, author (together with I. Ilf) of the novels “The Twelve Chairs” and “The Golden Calf”, many satirical stories and feuilletons.

Platonov Andrey Platonovich(1899–1951) - an outstanding Russian Soviet writer, whose works (“Chevengur”, “The Pit”, “The Juvenile Sea”, etc.) did not fit into the official literature.

By Edgar Allan(1809–1849) - one of the greatest writers of American literature, a poet who is considered a harbinger of symbolism.

Prus Boleslav (Alexander Glowacki)(1847–1912) - Polish writer. Stories about children (“Orphan’s Share”), stories “Return Wave”, “Outpost”, novels “Doll”, “Pharaoh”.

Proust Marcel(1871–1922) - French writer who sought to show the inner life of a person as a “stream of consciousness” (the cycle “In Search of Lost Time,” volumes I–XVI).

Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich(1799–1837) - great Russian poet and writer. He created numerous works of different genres and great significance. Poems, poems, a novel in verse (“Eugene Onegin”), the cycle “Belkin’s Tales”, “Little Tragedies”, the tragedy “Boris Godunov”, historical works and etc.

Rabelais Francois(1494–1553) - French writer, humanist and satirist. The novel “Gargantua and Pantagruel” is a kind of encyclopedia of the culture of the French Renaissance.

Remarque Erich Maria(1898–1970) - one of the most famous and widely read German writers of the 20th century. The writer's most famous works are the novels All Quiet on the Western Front, Three Comrades, Arc de Triomphe, and Night in Lisbon.

Rimbaud Arthur (1854–1891) was a French symbolist poet who had a significant influence on later poetry.

Rodari Gianni(1920–1980) - Italian children's writer.

Rolland Romain(1866–1944) - an outstanding French writer and playwright, author of the story “Cola Brugnon”, the novel “Jean Christophe”, etc.

Rostand Edmond(1868–1918) - French poet and playwright. After the resounding triumph of the poetic play Cyrano de Bergerac, Rostand was recognized as one of the most famous European playwrights.

Rowling Joan(b. 1965) - English writer, author of the Harry Potter series of novels.

Rudaki Abu Abdallah Jafar(860–941) - Tajik and Persian poet, the founder of poetry in the Farsi language.

Rousseau Jean Jacques (1712–1778)- French philosopher, thinker, sentimentalist writer (novels “Julia, or New Heloise”, “Confession”, etc.).

Rustaveli Shota(XII century) - classic of Georgian literature, author of the poem “The Knight in the Tiger’s Skin.”

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich(1795–1826) - Russian poet, romantic, Decembrist, creator of the almanac “Polar Star”.

Rylsky Maxim Faddeevich(1895–1964) - prominent Ukrainian lyricist (“Roses and Grapes”, etc.), translator, public figure.

Saadi Muslihiddin(c. 1203-c. 1291) - Persian lyric poet, thinker (poem “Bustan”, etc.).

Sagan Francoise (Couare Francoise)(1935–2004) - French writer and playwright. Sagan became famous for her novel Hello, Sadness, which was published when she was 19 years old.

Saltykov-Shchedrin (Saltykov Mikhail Evgrafovich)(1826–1889) - Russian satirist writer, master of the grotesque (“Gentlemen Golovlevs”, etc.).

Sappho (Sappho) (VII–VI centuries BC BC) - ancient Greek poetess, representative of melic (musical and song) lyrics, a native of the lesbian (on the island of Lesbos) city of Eres.

Swift Jonathan(1667–1745) - English satirist, author of the satirical novel Gulliver's Travels.

Severyanin Igor (Igor Vasilievich Lotarev)(1887–1941) - Russian poet (“Pineapples in Champagne”, etc.). His poems were distinguished by their sophistication of form and musicality.

Senkevich Henryk(1846–1916) - Polish writer (historical novels “With Fire and Sword”, “Without Dogma”, etc.).

Saint-Exupéry Antoine de(1900–1944) - French writer, pilot, died during World War II (“Land of Men”, “The Little Prince”, etc.).

Cervantes Saavedra Miguel de(1547–1616) - great Spanish writer (“The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha”, etc.).

Simenon Georges(1903–1989) - French writer, classic of the detective genre.

Simonov Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich(1915–1979) - Russian Soviet writer and poet (collections of poems “With You and Without You”, “Friends and Enemies”, trilogy “The Living and the Dead”, etc.).

Skovoroda Grigory Savvich(1722–1794) - an outstanding Ukrainian philosopher, poet and teacher, author of poems, fables in prose (“Kharkov Fables”, etc.).

Scott Walter(1771–1832) - English writer who is considered the founder of the historical novel genre, the author of many historical novels (Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, Waverley, etc.) and romantic poems.

Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich(b. 1918) - Russian writer and public figure, author of the novels “The Gulag Archipelago”, “Cancer Ward” and others. A Nobel laureate, he became widely known not only for his works, but also for his personal struggle against communist ideology and the Soviet regime.

Sophocles(c. 496–406 BC) - Athenian playwright, considered along with Aeschylus and Euripides one of the three greatest tragic poets of ancient Greece. The tragedies “Ajax”, “Antigone”, “Oedipus the King”, “Philoctetes”, “The Trachinian Women”, “Electra”, “Oedipus at Colonus” have survived to this day.

Steinbeck John Ernst(1902–1968) - classic of American literature (novels “The Winter of Our Trouble”, etc.). Nobel laureate.

Stendhal (Bayle Henri Marie)(1783–1842) - French writer, author of numerous novels, including “Red and Black”, “The Parma Monastery”, etc.

Stevenson Robert Lewis(1850–1894) - English writer, author of adventure (“Treasure Island”, etc.), historical (“Black Arrow”, etc.), psychological (“The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”) novels.

Strugatsky (Strugatsky brothers), Arkady Natanovich(1925–1991) and Boris Natanovich(1933) - Russian writers, screenwriters, classics of modern science and social fiction (novels “Predatory Things of the Century”, “Doomed City”, stories “Monday Begins on Saturday”, “A Billion Years Before the End of the World”, etc.).

Salinger Jerome David(b. 1919) - American writer. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye brought him enormous success. After 1965, Jerome Salinger did not publish any more works, turning into one of the most mysterious “hermits” and “silent people” in world literature.

Tagore Rabindranath(1861–1941) - Indian writer, poet, composer, artist, public figure (“The Mountain”, “Home and the World”, etc.). Nobel laureate.

Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich(1910–1971) - Russian Soviet poet, author of the poems “The Country of Ant”, “Vasily Terkin” and others.

Twain Mark (Samuel Clemens) (1835–1910) - prominent American writer, satirist, journalist and lecturer. At his peak, he was probably the most popular figure in the United States.

Thackeray William Makepeace(1811–1863) - English novelist (“Vanity Fair”, etc.).

Tolkien John Ronald Ruel(1892–1973) - English writer, linguist, philologist. Tolkien became famous worldwide for his novel The Hobbit, or There and Back Again and the Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich(1817–1875) - Russian poet, writer, satirist, one of the authors of K. Prutkov (poems, poems, novel “Prince Silver”, etc.).

Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich(1883–1945) - Russian Soviet writer (novels “Peter I”, trilogy “Walking in Torment”, story “Bread”, etc.).

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich(1828–1910) - Russian writer, publicist and religious thinker, ideologist of the Tolstoyan movement (short stories, novellas, epic novel “War and Peace”, novels “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection”, etc.). Tolstoy had a huge influence on the evolution of European humanism and on the development of realistic traditions in world literature.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich(1818–1883) - Russian writer (“Notes of a Hunter”, “Fathers and Sons”, etc.). He brought out images of the new heroes of his era - commoners.

Tynyanov Yuri Nikolaevich(1894–1943) - Russian Soviet writer, literary critic, master of the historical novel (“Kyukhlya”, “The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar”, etc.).

Tychina Pavlo (Pavel Grigorievich)(1891–1967) - Ukrainian Soviet poet and statesman, innovator of poetic form.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich(1803–1873) - Russian poet, master of verse, soulful lyricist and thinker.

Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Flaherty Wheels(1854–1900) - English writer close to the Symbolists. Best known for his many plays, catchphrases and aphorisms, as well as the novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” (1891).

Williams Tennessee(1911–1983) - American playwright and novelist. Williams became famous for his play A Streetcar Named Desire. The playwright's plays have been filmed several times.

Whitman Walt(1819–1892) - American poet and philosopher (collection “Leaves of Grass”, etc.), reformer of American poetry.

Ukrainian Lesya (Kosach-Kvitka Larisa Petrovna)(1871–1913) - Ukrainian poetess (lyric poems, extravaganza “Forest Song”, etc.).

Wells Herbert George(1866–1946) - English writer, classic of science fiction literature (“The Invisible Man”, “War of the Worlds”, etc.).

Fowles John(1926–2005) - English writer and poet, one of the most significant English writers of the second half of the 20th century. Among the most famous works of John Fowles are the novels “The Collector”, “The French Lieutenant’s Girlfriend”, “The Worm”, etc.

Feuchtwanger Lyon(1884–1958) - German novelist and publicist (historical novels, including “False Nero”, “Success”, etc.).

Fet (Shenshin) Afanasy Afanasyevich(1820–1892) - Russian poet, adherent of “pure art”, subtle lyricist.

Ferdowsi Abulqasim(934-c. 1020) - Persian poet, author of the poem “Shahnameh”, which had a great influence on the literature of the East; the poem “Yusuf and Zuleikha” is also attributed to him.

Flaubert Gustave(1821–1880) - French writer (novel “Madame Bovary”, etc.), successor to the traditions of O. Balzac.

Franko Ivan Yakovlevich(1856–1916) - an outstanding Ukrainian writer, poet, fiction writer, scientist, publicist and leader of the revolutionary movement in western Ukraine, a classic of Ukrainian literature (“Eternal Revolutionary”, “Zakhar Berkut”, etc.).

France Anatole (Thibault Anatole Francois)(1844–1924) - French writer (“Penguin Island”, etc.), publicist, satirist. Nobel laureate.

Khayyam Omar(1048-c. 1123) - great Persian poet and mathematician. Known for his quatrains - rubai full of humor and wisdom.

Heller Joseph(1923–1999) - American novelist. The author of the grotesque satirical novel “Amendment-22” (Catch-22, in some translations - “Catch-22”), which has become a classic of the “black comedy” genre.

Hemingway Ernest Miller(1899–1961) - American writer. Hemingway received wide recognition thanks to his novels and numerous stories, on the one hand, and his life, full of adventure and surprises on the other. His style, concise and intense, had a huge influence on world literature XX century (“Fiesta”, “A Farewell to Arms!”, “For Whom the Bell Tolls”, etc.).

Khlebnikov Velemir (Viktor Vladimirovich)(1885–1922) - Russian poet, innovator of words. He strove to create a “new mythology” and the language of the future free humanity.

Zweig Stefan(1881–1942) - Austrian writer, master of psychological short stories (“Amok”, “Confusion of Feelings”, etc.), novelized biographies of famous historical figures.

Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna(1892–1941) - Russian poetess, prose writer, translator, one of the most read and original Russian poetesses of the 20th century.

Cicero Marcus Tullius(106-43 BC) - ancient Roman orator and writer.

Capek Karel(1890–1938) - one of the most famous Czech writers of the 20th century, prose writer and playwright (“War with the Newts,” “White Disease,” etc.).

Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich(1828–1889) - Russian writer, philosopher and critic (novels “What is to be done?”, “Prologue”, etc., stories).

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich(1860–1904) - an outstanding Russian writer and playwright (“The Lady with the Dog”, “Three Sisters”, etc.). Chekhov's work had a huge influence on Russian and world literature.

Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich(1882–1969) - Russian poet, writer, translator, literary critic (monumental work “The Mastery of Nekrasov”, “High Art”, very popular children's fairy tales and poems - “Moidodyr”, “The Adventures of Aibolit”, etc.).

Shevchenko Taras Grigorievich(1814–1861) - great Ukrainian poet and writer, classic of Ukrainian literature, artist (book of poetic works “Kobzar”, poems “Katerina”, “Blind”, “Haydamaky”, etc.).

Shakespeare William(1564–1616) - great English playwright and poet (tragedies “King Lear”, “Macbeth”, “Hamlet”, “Othello”, etc., comedies “The Taming of the Shrew”, “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”, etc., sonnets and etc.). Deep philosophical thought and the wealth of poetic and dramatic means made Shakespeare's work one of the pinnacles of world art.

Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft(1797–1851) - English writer, author of Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, wife of the romantic poet Percy Shelley.

Shelley Percy Bysshe(1792–1822) - one of the greatest English poets of the 19th century. (“Queen Mab”, “Prometheus Unbound”, etc.).

Schiller Johann Friedrich(1759–1805) - German poet and playwright (“Cunning and Love”, “The Maid of Orleans”, “William Tell”, etc.).

Sholom Aleichem (Rabinovich Sholom Nokhumovich)(1859–1916) - an outstanding Jewish writer and playwright (drama “Tevye the Milkman”, novel “Wandering Stars”, etc.).

Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich(1905–1984) - classic of Russian Soviet literature. Novels " Quiet Don", "Virgin Soil Upturned" and others. Nobel laureate.

Aesop (VI V. BC BC) is an ancient Greek fabulist, a legendary folk sage, to whom the plots of almost all fables known in antiquity were attributed.

Eco Umberto(b. 1932) - Italian prose writer, scientist, cultural critic, essayist. Novels “The Name of the Rose”, “Foucault’s Pendulum”, etc.

Aeschylus(525–456 BC), ancient Greek playwright. In antiquity, about 80 dramatic works of Aeschylus were known, of which only seven have survived: “The Persians”, “Seven Against Thebes”, the “Oresteia” trilogy (“Agamemnon”, “Choephori”, “Eumenides”); tragedies “The Petitioners, or the Prayers” and “Prometheus Bound”.

Poets and Writers Suicide is popular among the creative elite around the world. So, in the 20th century. Russian poets V. Mayakovsky, S. Yesenin, M. Tsvetaeva, German poet and playwright Ernst Toller, writer S. Zweig (Austria), E. Hemingway (USA), Yu.

From the book The Complete Encyclopedia of Modern Educational Games for Children. From birth to 12 years author Voznyuk Natalia Grigorievna

“Poets” The players take a large sheet of paper and write a poem on it. The idea is that everyone comes up with 2 lines that rhyme with each other and wraps the sheet so that the next player does not know what the previous one wrote about. Then the sheet is unfolded and read

From the book Berlin. Guide by Bergmann Jurgen

FAMOUS DESIGNERS Friedrichstadt Passages, block 206, Friedrichstr. 71, metro station Franzosische Straße on line U6 or Stadtmitte on line U2. Cerruti, Gucci, Moschino, Yves Saint Laurent, Strenesse, Rive Gauche, Louis Vuitton, Etro, La Perla are represented here. Many designers have their own boutiques on Kurfürstendamm, for example, Burberry, Chanel, Jil Sander,

author Kolosova Svetlana

Poets and writers ancient Greece and Rome 4 Aesop - ancient Greek fabulist of the 6th century BC. e.5 Aeschylus - ancient Greek poet-playwright of the 5th century BC. e.6 Leonidas, Tarentum - ancient Greek poet of the late IV - early III centuries BC. e. Lucian - ancient Greek poet of the 2nd century BC. e. Sophocles

From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova Svetlana

Poets of the 13th–16th centuries 4 Baif, Jean Antoine - French poet of the 16th century. Vega, Garcilaso de la - Spanish poet of the 16th century. Donne, John - English poet of the late 16th - early 17th centuries. Labe, Louise - French poetess of the 16th century. Leon , Luis de - Spanish poet of the 16th century. Lobo, Francisco Rodriguez -

From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 17th century 3 Vio, Théophile de - French poet.4 Vega, Carpio Lope de - Spanish playwright. Melo, Francisco Manuel de - Portuguese poet. Opitz, Martin - German poet.5 Barro, Jacques Vallee de - French poet. Boileau, Nicola - French poet. Bacon, Francis -

From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 18th century 4 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang - German writer. Defoe, Daniel - English writer. 5 Burns, Robert - Scottish poet. Diderot, Denis - French writer, philosopher. Laclau, Pierre de - French writer. Lesage, Alain Rene - French writer. Rousseau,

From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 19th century 2 Poe, Edgar - American writer.4 Blok, Alexander Alexandrovich - Russian poet. Verne, Jules - French writer. Hugo, Victor - French writer. Dumas, Alexander - French writer. Zola, Emile - French writer. Prus, Boleslav -

From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 20th century 3 Gide, Andre - French writer. Shaw, George Bernard - English writer. 4 Blaise, Cendrars - French writer. Green, Alexander Stepanovich - Russian writer. Green, Graham - English writer. Doyle, Arthur Conan - English writer. Ilf, Ilya

From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova Svetlana

Famous hunters 3 Min - Russian hunter, writer.5 Lvov, L.A. - Russian hunter, author of books about hunting. Palen - Russian hunter, count. Urvan - Russian hunter.6 Paskin - Russian hunter.7 Lukashin - hunter from the Pskov province. Nazimov, A.V. – Tver hunter.8 Karpushka

From the book Crossword Guide author Kolosova Svetlana

Famous hippologists 4 Witt, V.O.5 Griso, F. Orlov-Chesmensky, A.G.6 James, F. Shishkin7 Kabanov Kuleshov8 Guerinier, F.R. Caprilli,

author

Poets A poet is a light, winged and sacred creature. Plato (c. 427-c. 347 BC), ancient Greek philosopher. Whoever Jupiter wants to punish, he makes a poet. Heinrich Heine (1797–1856), German poet Anyone who cannot compose two lines is a dullard; and who composed as many as four -

From the book In the beginning there was a word. Aphorisms author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Russian poets about each other He is original with us - because he thinks. Alexander Pushkin about Evgeny Baratynsky Khlebnikov is not a poet for consumers. Khlebnikov - poet for the manufacturer Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893–1930), poet Great entertainer of the Russian land. Ilya Selvinsky about

From the book In the beginning there was a word. Aphorisms author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Prose writers and poets... So that a prose writer becomes a poet, and a poet becomes a demigod. Boris Pasternak (1890–1960), poet The speaker should not blindly imitate poets. Poetry can only be admired from afar. Quintilian (c. 35-c. 96), Roman teacher of eloquence Prose writer gets tired of writing

From the book In the beginning there was a word. Aphorisms author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Critics and Poets The job of critics is to follow the poet, but to follow the critics is not the job of the poet. William Gaslitt (1778–1830), English essayist Every good poet is also a critic; but not vice versa. William Shenstone (1714–1763), English poet It is hardly necessary to be

(estimates: 51 , average: 3,98 out of 5)

In Russia, literature has its own direction, different from any other. The Russian soul is mysterious and incomprehensible. The genre reflects both Europe and Asia, which is why the best classical Russian works are extraordinary, striking in their soulfulness and vitality.

Main actor- soul. For a person, his position in society, the amount of money is not important, it is important for him to find himself and his place in this life, to find the truth and peace of mind.

The books of Russian literature are united by the features of a writer who has the gift of the great Word, who has completely devoted himself to this art of literature. The best classics They saw life not flatly, but multifacetedly. They wrote about life not of random destinies, but of those expressing existence in its most unique manifestations.

Russian classics are so different, with different destinies, but what unites them is that literature is recognized as a school of life, a way of studying and developing Russia.

Russian classical literature was created by the best writers from different parts of Russia. It is very important where the author was born, because this determines his formation as a person, his development, and it also affects writing skills. Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky were born in Moscow, Chernyshevsky in Saratov, Shchedrin in Tver. Poltava region in Ukraine is the birthplace of Gogol, Podolsk province - Nekrasov, Taganrog - Chekhov.

The three great classics, Tolstoy, Turgenev and Dostoevsky, were completely different people from each other, had different destinies, complex characters and great talents. They made a huge contribution to the development of literature, writing their best works, which still excite the hearts and souls of readers. Everyone should read these books.

Another important difference between the books of Russian classics is that they ridicule the shortcomings of a person and his way of life. Satire and humor are the main features of the works. However, many critics said that this was all slander. And only true connoisseurs saw how the characters are both comical and tragic at the same time. Such books always touch the soul.

Here you can find the best works classical literature. You can download books of Russian classics for free or read them online, which is very convenient.

We present to your attention 100 best books Russian classics. IN full list The books included the best and most memorable works of Russian writers. This literature known to everyone and recognized by critics from all over the world.

Of course, our list of top 100 books is just a small part that brings together best works great classics. It can be continued for a very long time.

A hundred books that everyone should read in order to understand not only how they used to live, what were the values, traditions, priorities in life, what they were striving for, but to find out in general how our world works, how bright and pure the soul can be and how valuable it is for a person, for the development of his personality.

The top 100 list includes the best and most famous works of Russian classics. The plot of many of them is known from school. However, some books are difficult to understand at a young age and require wisdom that is acquired over the years.

Of course, the list is far from complete; it can be continued endlessly. Reading such literature is a pleasure. She doesn’t just teach something, she radically changes lives, helps us understand simple things that we sometimes don’t even notice.

We hope you liked our list of classic books of Russian literature. You may have already read some of it, and some not. A great reason to make your own personal list of books, your top ones that you would like to read.

4.06.2019 at 13:23 · VeraSchegoleva · 22 250

10 most famous Russian writers

There is an opinion that the classic ones are no longer relevant, because the new generation has completely different ideals and life values. People who think so are deeply mistaken.

Classic is the best thing ever created. It cultivates taste and moral concepts.

These books are able to take the reader back in time and introduce him to historical events. Even if we do not take into account all these advantages, it is worth noting that read classical works incredibly interesting.

Every citizen of the country should get acquainted with the main works created by his compatriots. There are quite a lot of talented authors in Russia.

This article will talk about the most famous Russian writers. Their works are the literary wealth of our country.

10. Anton Chekhov

Famous works:“Ward No. 6”, “Man in a Case”, “Lady with a Dog”, “Uncle Vanya”, “Chameleon”.

My creative activity the writer began with humorous stories. These were real masterpieces. He ridiculed human vices, forcing readers to pay attention to their shortcomings.

In the 90s of the 19th century he went to Sakhalin Island, the concept of his work changed. Now his works are about the human soul, about feelings.

Chekhov is a talented playwright. His plays were criticized, not everyone liked them, but Anton Pavlovich was not embarrassed by this fact, he continued to do what he loved.

The most important thing in his plays is inner world heroes. Chekhov's work is a unique phenomenon in Russian literature; in its entire history, no one has created anything like it.

9. Vladimir Nabokov

Years of life: April 22, 1899 – July 2, 1977.

Most popular works:“Lolita”, “Defense of Luzhin”, “The Gift”, “Mashenka”.

Nabokov's works cannot be called traditional classics; they are distinguished by a unique style. He is called an intellectual writer, in his work the main role belongs to the imagination.

The writer does not attach importance real events, he wants to show the emotional experiences of the heroes. Most of his characters are misunderstood geniuses, lonely and suffering.

The novel “Lolita” became a real thing in literature. Nabokov originally wrote it in English, but decided to translate it for Russian-speaking readers. The novel is still considered shocking, even though modern man does not differ in Puritan views.

8. Fyodor Dostoevsky

“Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Idiot”.

Dostoevsky's first books were a great success, but the writer was arrested for his political views. Fyodor Mikhailovich was fond of utopian socialism. The death penalty was imposed, but at the last moment it was replaced with hard labor.

This period of his life had a strong influence on the writer’s psyche; not a trace remained of his socialist ideas. Dostoevsky found faith and rethought his attitude towards the common people. Now the heroes of his novels are simple people who were influenced by external circumstances.

The main thing in his works is the psychological state of the heroes. Dostoevsky managed to reveal the nature of a wide variety of human emotions: rage, humiliation, self-destruction.

Dostoevsky's works are known all over the world, but literary scholars still cannot come to a consensus and find answers to many questions regarding the work of this writer.

7. Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Years of life: December 11, 1918 – August 3, 2008.

“The Gulag Archipelago”, “One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich”.

Solzhenitsyn is compared to Leo Tolstoy, and is even considered his successor. He also loved the truth and wrote “solid” works about people’s lives and social phenomena happenings in society.

The writer wanted to draw the attention of readers to the problems of totalitarianism. Moreover, he described historical events from different angles.

The reader gets a unique opportunity to understand how they treated this or that historical fact people who were on “different sides of the barricades.”

A distinctive feature of his work is called documentary. Each of his heroes is a prototype real person. Solzhenitsyn did not engage in literary fiction, he simply described life.

6. Ivan Bunin

Years of life: October 22, 1870 – November 8, 1953.

Most famous works: “The Life of Arsenyev”, “Mitya’s Love”, “ Dark alleys", "Sunstroke".

Mine creative path Bunin began as a poet. But, perhaps, it was his prose that made him famous. He loved to write about life, about the bourgeoisie, about love, about nature.

Ivan Alekseevich understood that his old life could not be returned; he very much regretted it. Bunin hated the Bolsheviks. When the revolution began, he was forced to leave Russia.

His works, written abroad, are imbued with longing for his homeland. Bunin became the first writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.

5. Ivan Turgenev

Years of life: November 9, 1818 – September 3, 1883.

The most famous works:“Fathers and Sons”, “Notes of a Hunter”, “On the Eve”, “Asya”, “Mumu”.

The work of Ivan Sergeevich can be divided into three periods. His first works are filled with romance. He wrote both poetry and prose.

The second stage is “Notes of a Hunter.” This is a collection of short stories that explores the theme of the peasantry. “Notes” became the reason why Turgenev was sent to the family estate. The authorities did not like the collection.

The third period is the most mature. The writer became interested in philosophical topics. He began to write about love, death, duty. During this period, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was created, which was loved not only by Russian but also by foreign readers.

4. Nikolai Gogol

Years of life: 1809 – March 4, 1852.

The most famous works:“Dead Souls”, “Viy”, “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, “The Inspector General”, “Taras and Bulba”.

I became interested in literature during my student years. The first experience did not bring him success, but he did not give up.

Now it is difficult to describe his work. Nikolai Vasilyevich’s works are multifaceted and not similar to each other.

One of the stages is “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”. These are stories on the theme of Ukrainian folklore, they are similar to fairy tales, readers love them very much.

Another stage - plays, the writer makes fun of his contemporary reality. "Dead Souls" - satirical work about Russian bureaucracy and serfdom. This book brought Gogol great fame abroad.

3. Mikhail Bulgakov

Years of life: May 15, 1891 – March 10, 1940.

The most famous works:"Master and Margarita", " dog's heart", "White Guard", "Fatal Eggs".

The name of Bulgakov is inextricably linked with the novel “The Master and Margarita”. This book did not bring him popularity during his lifetime, but made him famous after his death.

This work resonates with readers in Russia and abroad. There is a place for satire, there are elements of fantasy and a love line.

In all his works, Bulgakov sought to show the true state of affairs, the shortcomings current system power, dirt and falsehood of the philistinism.

2. Leo Tolstoy

Years of life: September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910.

The most famous works:“War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Family Happiness”.

Foreigners associate Russian literature with the name of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. This great writer is known all over the world.

The novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina need no introduction. In them, Lev Nikolaevich describes the life of the Russian nobility.

Of course, his work is very multifaceted. These are diaries, articles and letters. His works have not yet lost their relevance, and arouse keen interest among the reader, because he touches on important issues that will concern humanity at all times.

1. Alexander Pushkin

Years of life: May 26, 1799 – January 29, 1837.

Most works:"Eugene Onegin", "Dubrovsky", " Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Song about the prophetic Oleg".

Called the greatest writer of all time. He wrote his first poem when he turned 15.

Alexander Sergeevich’s life was very short, but during this time he managed to write many poems and more. The same list includes plays, prose and drama, and even fairy tales for children.

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Culture

This list contains the names of the greatest writers of all time from different nations, who wrote on different languages. Those who are at least somewhat interested in literature are undoubtedly familiar with them through their wonderful creations.

Today I would like to remember those who remained on the pages of history as outstanding authors of great works that have been in demand for many years, decades, centuries and even millennia.

1) Latin: Publius Virgil Maro

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Marcus Tullius Cicero, Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Ovid Naso, Quintus Horace Flaccus

You should know Virgil from his famous epic work "Aeneid", which is dedicated to the fall of Troy. Virgil is probably the most severe perfectionist in the history of literature. He wrote his poem at an amazingly slow speed - only 3 lines a day. He did not want to do it any faster, so as to be sure that it was impossible to write these three lines better.

In Latin, a subordinate clause, dependent or independent, can be written in any order with a few exceptions. Thus, the poet has great freedom to define what his poetry sounds like without changing the meaning in any way. Virgil considered every option at every stage.

Virgil also wrote two more works in Latin - "Bucolics"(38 BC) and "Georgics"(29 BC). "Georgics"- 4 partly didactic poems about agriculture, including various kinds of advice, for example, that you should not plant grapes next to olive trees: olive leaves are very flammable, and at the end of a dry summer they can catch fire, like everything around them, due to a lightning strike.

He also praised Aristaeus, the god of beekeeping, because honey was the only source of sugar for the European world until sugar cane was brought to Europe from the Caribbean. Bees were deified, and Virgil explained how to get a beehive if the farmer does not have one: kill a deer, wild boar or bear, rip open their belly and leave it in the forest, praying to the god Aristaeus. After a week, he will send a beehive to the animal's carcass.

Virgil wrote that he wanted his poem "Aeneid" burned after his death as it remained unfinished. However, the Emperor of Rome Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus refused to do this, thanks to which the poem has survived to this day.

2) Ancient Greek: Homer

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Plato, Aristotle, Thucydides, Apostle Paul, Euripides, Aristophanes

Homer, perhaps, can be called greatest writer of all times and peoples, but not much is known about him himself. He was probably a blind man who told stories that were recorded 400 years later. Or, in fact, a whole group of writers worked on the poems, who added something about the Trojan War and the Odyssey.

Anyway, "Iliad" And "Odyssey" were written in ancient Greek, a dialect that came to be called Homeric in contrast to the Attic that followed later and which replaced it. "Iliad" describes the last 10 years of the Greeks' struggle with the Trojans outside the walls of Troy. The main character is Achilles. He is furious that King Agamemnon treats him and his spoils as his property. Achilles refused to participate in the war, which had lasted for 10 years and in which the Greeks lost thousands of their soldiers in the fight for Troy.

But after some persuasion, Achilles allowed his friend (and possibly lover) Patroclus, who did not want to wait any longer, to join the war. However, Patroclus was defeated and killed by Hector, the leader of the Trojan army. Achilles rushed into battle and forced the Trojan battalions to flee. Without outside help, he killed many enemies and fought with the river god Scamander. Achilles ultimately kills Hector, and the poem ends with funeral ceremonies.

"Odyssey"- an unsurpassed adventure masterpiece about the 10-year wanderings of Odysseus, who tried to return home after graduation Trojan War together with his people. Details of the fall of Troy are mentioned very briefly. When Odysseus ventures to the Land of the Dead, where he finds Achilles among others.

These are just two of Homer’s works that have survived and come down to us, however, whether there were others is not known for sure. However, these works form the basis of all European literature. The poems are written in dactylic hexameter. According to Western tradition, many poems were written in memory of Homer.

3) French: Victor Hugo

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Rene Descartes, Voltaire, Alexandre Dumas, Moliere, Francois Rabelais, Marcel Proust, Charles Baudelaire

The French have always been fans of long novels, the longest of which is the cycle "In Search of Lost Time" Marcel Proust. However, Victor Hugo is perhaps the most famous writer of French prose and one of the greatest poets of the 19th century.

His most famous works are "Notre Dame Cathedral"(1831) and "Les Miserables"(1862). The first work even formed the basis famous cartoon "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" studios Walt Disney Pictures, however, in Hugo’s real novel, everything ended far from being so fabulous.

The hunchback Quasimodo was hopelessly in love with the gypsy Esmeralda, who treated him well. However, Frollo, an evil priest, has his eye on the beauty. Frollo followed her and saw how she almost ended up as the mistress of Captain Phoebus. As revenge, Frollo turned the gypsy over to justice, accusing him of murdering the captain, whom he actually killed himself.

After being tortured, Esmeralda confessed to having allegedly committed a crime and was supposed to be hanged, but at the last moment she was saved by Quasimodo. Ultimately, Esmeralda was executed anyway, Frollo was thrown from the cathedral, and Quasimodo died of starvation while hugging his lover's corpse.

"Les Miserables" also not a particularly cheerful novel, at least one of the main characters - Cosette - survives, despite the fact that she had to suffer almost all her life, like all the heroes of the novel. This is a classic story of fanatical adherence to the law, but almost no one can help those who really need help most.

4) Spanish: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Jorge Luis Borges

Cervantes's main work, of course, is famous novel "The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha". He also wrote collections of short stories, a romantic novel "Galatea", novel "Persiles and Sikhismunda" and some other works.

Don Quixote is a rather cheerful character, even today, whose real name is Alonso Quejana. He read so much about warrior knights and their honest ladies that he began to consider himself a knight, traveling through the countryside and getting into all sorts of adventures, causing everyone who met him to remember him for his recklessness. He befriends an ordinary farmer, Sancho Panza, who tries to bring Don Quixote back to reality.

It is known that Don Quixote tried to fight with windmills, saved people who didn't usually need his help, and was beaten many times. The second part of the book was published 10 years after the first and is the first work modern literature. The characters know everything about the story of Don Quixote, which is told in the first part.

Now everyone he meets tries to ridicule him and Panso, testing their faith in the spirit of chivalry. He is eventually brought back to reality when he loses a fight with the Knight of the White Moon, is poisoned home, falls ill and dies, leaving all the money to his niece on the condition that she does not marry a man who reads foolish tales of chivalry.

5) Dutch: Joost van den Vondel

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Peter Hoft, Jacob Kats

Vondel is the most prominent writer of Holland who lived in the 17th century. He was a poet and playwright and a representative of the "Golden Age" of Dutch literature. His most famous play is "Geysbrecht of Amsterdam", a historical drama that was performed on New Year's Day at the Amsterdam City Theater between 1438 and 1968.

The play is about Geisbrecht IV, who, according to the play, invaded Amsterdam in 1303 to restore the family's honor and regain the titled nobility. He founded something like a baronial title in these parts. Vondel's historical sources were incorrect. In fact, the invasion was carried out by Geisbrecht's son, Jan, who turned out to be a real hero, overthrowing the tyranny that reigned in Amsterdam. Today Geisbrecht is a national hero because of this writer's mistake.

Vondel also wrote another masterpiece, an epic poem called "John the Baptist"(1662) about the life of John. This work is the national epic of the Netherlands. Vondel is also the author of the play "Lucifer"(1654), which explores the soul of a biblical character, as well as his character and motives, to answer the question of why he did what he did. This play inspired the Englishman John Milton to write 13 years later "Paradise Lost".

6) Portuguese: Luis de Camões

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: José Maria Esa de Queiroz, Fernando António Nugueira Pessoa

Camões is considered the greatest poet Portugal. His most famous work is "The Lusiads"(1572). The Lusiads were a people who inhabited the Roman region of Lusitania, where modern Portugal is located. The name comes from the name Luz (Lusus), he was a friend of the god of wine Bacchus, he is considered the progenitor of the Portuguese people. "The Lusiads"- an epic poem consisting of 10 songs.

The poem tells the story of all the famous Portuguese sea voyages to discover, conquer and colonize new countries and cultures. She is somewhat similar to "Odyssey" Homer, Camões praises Homer and Virgil many times. The work begins with a description of the journey of Vasco da Gama.

This is a historical poem that recreates many battles, the Revolution of 1383-85, the discovery of da Gama, trade with the city of Calcutta, India. The Louisiades have always been watched Greek gods, although da Gama, being a Catholic, prayed to his own God. At the end, the poem mentions Magellan and speaks of the glorious future of Portuguese navigation.

7) German: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Friedrich von Schiller, Arthur Schopenhauer, Heinrich Heine, Franz Kafka

Speaking about German music, one cannot fail to mention Bach, in the same way German literature would not be so complete without Goethe. Many great writers wrote about him or used his ideas in shaping their style. Goethe wrote four novels, a great many poems and documentaries, and scientific essays.

Undoubtedly, his most famous work is the book "The Sorrows of Young Werther"(1774). Goethe founded the German Romanticism movement. Beethoven's 5th Symphony is completely identical in mood to Goethe's "Werther".

Novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther" tells about the unsatisfied romanticism of the main character, which leads to his suicide. The story is told in the form of letters and made the epistolary novel popular for at least the next century and a half.

However, Goethe's masterpiece is still the poem "Faust", which consists of 2 parts. The first part was published in 1808, the second in 1832, the year of the writer’s death. The legend of Faust existed long before Goethe, but Goethe's dramatic story remained the most famous story about this hero.

Faustus is a scientist whose incredible knowledge and wisdom pleased God. God sends Mephistopheles or the Devil to test Faust. The story of the deal with the devil has often been raised in literature, but the most famous is perhaps the story of Goethe's Faust. Faust signs an agreement with the Devil, promising his soul in exchange for the Devil to do whatever Faust wishes on Earth.

He becomes young again and falls in love with the girl Gretchen. Gretchen takes a potion from Faust that is supposed to help her mother with insomnia, but the potion poisons her. This drives Gretchen crazy and she drowns her newborn baby, signing her death warrant. Faust and Mephistopheles break into the prison to rescue her, but Gretchen refuses to go with them. Faust and Mephistopheles go into hiding, and God grants Gretchen forgiveness while she awaits execution.

The second part is incredibly difficult to read, as the reader needs to have a good understanding of Greek mythology. This is a kind of continuation of the story that began in the first part. Faust, with the help of Mephistopheles, becomes incredibly powerful and corrupted until the very end of the story. He remembers the pleasure of being a good man and then dies. Mephistopheles comes for his soul, but the angels take it for themselves, they stand up for the soul of Faust, who is reborn and ascends to Heaven.

8) Russian: Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Fyodor Dostoevsky

Today, Pushkin is remembered as the father of native Russian literature, in contrast to that Russian literature that had a clear tinge of Western influence. First of all, Pushkin was a poet, but he wrote in all genres. Drama is considered his masterpiece "Boris Godunov"(1831) and poem "Eugene Onegin"(1825-32).

The first work is a play, the second is a novel in poetic form. "Onegin" written exclusively in sonnets, and Pushkin invented a new sonnet form, which distinguishes his work from the sonnets of Petrarch, Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser.

The main character of the poem is Eugene Onegin - the model on which all Russians are based literary heroes. Onegin is treated as a person who does not meet any standards accepted in society. He wanders and plays gambling, fights duels, he is called a sociopath, although he is not cruel or evil. This person, rather, does not care about the values ​​and rules that are accepted in society.

Many of Pushkin's poems formed the basis for ballets and operas. They are very difficult to translate into any other language, mostly because poetry simply cannot sound the same in another language. This is what distinguishes poetry from prose. Languages ​​often do not match the possibilities of words. It is known that in the Inuit language of the Eskimos there are 45 different words for snow.

Nevertheless, "Onegina" translated into many languages. Vladimir Nabokov translated the poem into English, but instead of one volume, he ended up with 4 volumes. Nabokov kept all the definitions and descriptive details, but completely ignored the music of poetry.

This is all due to the fact that Pushkin had an incredibly unique writing style that allowed him to touch on all aspects of the Russian language, even inventing new syntactic and grammatical forms and words, establishing many rules that almost all Russian writers use even today.

9) Italian: Dante Alighieri

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: none

Name Durante in Latin means "hardy" or "eternal". It was Dante who helped organize the various Italian dialects of his time into the modern Italian language. The dialect of the region of Tuscany, where Dante was born in Florence, is the standard for all Italians thanks to "Divine Comedy" (1321), a masterpiece by Dante Alighieri and one of greatest works world literature of all times.

At the time this work was written, the Italian regions each had their own dialect, which were quite different from each other. Today, when you want to learn Italian as a foreign language, you will almost always start with the Florentine version of Tuscany because of its significance in literature.

Dante travels to Hell and Purgatory to learn about the punishments that sinners serve. There are different punishments for different crimes. Those who are accused of lust are always driven by the wind, despite their fatigue, because during their lifetime the wind of voluptuousness drove them.

Those whom Dante considers heretics are responsible for splitting the church into several branches, including the prophet Muhammad. They are sentenced to be split from neck to groin, and the punishment is carried out by a devil with a sword. In this ripped up state they walk in circles.

IN "Comedy" there are also descriptions of Paradise, which are also unforgettable. Dante uses Ptolemy's concept of heaven, that Heaven consists of 9 concentric spheres, each of which brings the author and Beatrice, his lover and guide, closer to God at the very top.

After meeting various famous figures from the Bible, Dante finds himself face to face with the Lord God, depicted as three beautiful circles of light merging into one, from which emerges Jesus, the incarnation of God on Earth.

Dante is also the author of other smaller poems and essays. One of the works - "On Popular Eloquence" talks about the importance of Italian as a spoken language. He also wrote a poem "New life" with passages in prose in which noble love is defended. No other writer spoke the language as flawlessly as Dante spoke Italian.

10) English: William Shakespeare

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: John Milton, Samuel Beckett, Geoffrey Chaucer, Virginia Woolf, Charles Dickens

Voltaire called Shakespeare "that drunken fool", and his works "this huge pile of dung". Nevertheless, Shakespeare's influence on literature is undeniable, not only in English, but also in the literature of most other languages ​​of the world. Today, Shakespeare is one of the most translated writers, his complete works have been translated into 70 languages, and various plays and poems into more than 200.

About 60 percent of all catchphrases, quotes and idioms in English come from King James Bible (English translation Bible), 30 percent from Shakespeare.

According to the rules of Shakespeare's time, tragedies at the end required the death of at least one main character, but in an ideal tragedy everyone dies: "Hamlet" (1599-1602), "King Lear" (1660), "Othello" (1603), "Romeo and Juliet" (1597).

In contrast to tragedy, there is a comedy in which someone is sure to get married at the end, and in an ideal comedy all the characters get married: "A dream in a summer night" (1596), "Much ado about nothing" (1599), "Twelfth Night" (1601), "The Merry Wives of Windsor" (1602).

Shakespeare was a master at heightening the tension between characters in perfect harmony with the plot. He knew how, like no one else, to organically describe human nature. Shakespeare's real genius is the skepticism that permeates all of his works, sonnets, plays and poems. He, as expected, praises the highest moral principles of humanity, but these principles are always expressed in the conditions of an ideal world.