» Learning Italian from scratch. Easily!
One of the most popular types of questions on services like “Mail.ru Answers” or “Google Answers” are questions from people interested in studying certain foreign languages, but decisive, before starting classes, to “test the waters” and find out what they need to mentally prepare for.
With this article I would like to address, first of all, precisely such people. However, it will be interesting in itself for those who want to broaden their horizons.
The article is divided into 2 antonymous parts:
- The main difficulties encountered when learning this language.
- Language characteristics, on the contrary, simplify (sometimes significantly) its study.
Characteristics will be given in comparison with other large European languages (mainly English) for greater clarity.
I'll start our conversation about Italian with a few interesting facts. Modern Italian can be considered an artificial language, which developed after the unification of the country in the 60-70s. XIX century based on the Tuscan dialet. Even during the First World War, Italians from different regions could barely understand each other, and the introduction of official Italian began especially actively then.
Now I can say from my own experience that no one has problems with understanding. Dialets have not gone away, but are now used mostly in the context of personal, friendly (if friends are from the same region) and family relationships. The vast majority of the population speaks Italian without any problems, the only exception being provincial Italy, and even then mainly its elderly contingent, who communicate with each other almost exclusively in dialect (for example, the conversations of Trentino pensioners living in mountain valleys; an Italian from another country risks not completely understand).
As a matter of fact, many dialects are essentially independent languages. For example, it is very interesting that the Sicilian dialect is a direct descendant of Latin itself, and has no relation to Italian. And, for example, the Sardinian language is completely independent language, having their own dialets.
Why is it easy?
Where does learning any language begin? From phonetics, of course. For those who know English, it will not be difficult to read Italian correctly - probably, in terms of phonetics, Italian is the most easy language in the world. There are only 21 letters (which is 5 less than in English) plus combinations of letters that form sounds that are easy to reproduce in Cyrillic (gn - н, gl - л, sc - Ш, etc.) and will never cause such despair for beginners it’s the same English sound"th" or its Spanish equivalent "c"/"z" (without this word in Spain you will not be able to pronounce the word "beer" (cerveza) correctly), not to mention nasal sounds French, without knowledge of which you will not be able to correctly pronounce even the most basic words like “bon” (good).
With regard to the relationship between vowels and consonants, the situation against the backdrop of the Russian language with a gigantic host of phonetic rules seems simply elementary: vowels are pronounced exactly the same as on paper, consonants do not change or soften, and the reading of some of them is regulated by a few very elementary rules. rules.
Why is it hard?
The incredible ease of Italian phonetics, unfortunately, backfires on Russian speakers, whose speech is “captive” of a huge number of Russian pronunciation rules, which are automatically put into play when speaking Italian.
The Italian ear is very sensitive. Often, when one sound changes, they refuse to understand the word as a whole. Acane has a particularly detrimental effect on this, the importance of which in the matter of mangling Italian words can be overestimated:
"doloroso" [DOLOROSO], but in no case [dalAroso].
"mortalita" [mortalita], nor not [mArtalita].
The softening of consonants sounds especially terrible in Italian:
"livello" [livello], here "l", sounds the same as in the word "crowbar", but not like in the word "downpour".
That is, the difficulty for a Russian speaker, paradoxically, lies precisely in the ease of pronunciation, that is, in the absolutely accurate reading of every vowel and consonant of Italian words.
In addition, do not neglect the meaning of double consonants, of which there are a lot in the Italian language.
It is strictly not recommended to pronounce at the pace of a high-speed train. If the surname famous musician Ramazzotti is written with two “t” and two “z” (Ramazzotti), then this is how it should be pronounced: not [ramazzotti], but [ramazzotti].
Why is it easy?
Italian is an analytical language. This means the absence of cases, the function of which is performed by prepositions. Despite the obvious lexical similarity with Latin, Italian is nevertheless very far from Latin in terms of grammar: in Italian there are no, as I already said, 6 cases that terrify students, there is no neuter gender and there are many other differences.
The absence of a case system always makes life much easier. Those who have studied German understand this. Although there are only 4 of them, even this number is enough to cause panic attacks in beginners at the sight of tables of case declensions of German articles, adjectives and numerals.
Let's make a visual comparison:
English: My brother's younger sister gave her mother 2 pieces of bread.
Italian: Mia sorella minore di mio fratello ha dato 2 fette di pane alla sua mamma.
As you can see, in the Russian version we did without prepositions at all, while the analytical structure of the Italian language means their very active use, which, of course, is easier to learn even for speakers of the “megasynthetic” Russian language.
Why is it hard?
Another one opening theme, which it would seem should not cause problems - articles. The rules for their use are seemingly simple, but in fact, speakers of Russian and other languages who are not “burdened” with this language tool make a lot of mistakes here, which greatly disfigures Italian speech.
There’s a lot that you just have to cram. Use as a guide English language It won't help matters - there are too many differences.
I'm going to the theater: Vado a treatro (no article).
I'm going to the cinema: Vado al cinema (with an article).
Let's not go into detail, but we can especially focus on the fact that in Italian, articles are obligatory for possessive pronouns, which contrasts with most European languages. Let's compare:
Russian: I see my car.
German: Ich sehe mainen Wagen.
French: Je vois ma voiture.
Spanish: Veo mi coche.
English: I see my car.
Italian: Vedo la mia auto (la - article, mia - mine).
As you can see, only in Italian, when using a possessive pronoun, should you pay attention to the corresponding declension of the article referring to the noun.
Why is it easy?
The word formation of many Italian nouns (in particular, household items) is an excellent example of how the language often “doesn’t bother” and follows the most straightforward path.
Many words are a banal combination of “verb + noun” in almost completely unchanged form, which greatly simplifies their memorization:
portare (carry) + cenere (ash) = portacenere (ashtray).
portare (carry) + container (container) = portacontainer (container ship).
portare (carry) + bagagli (luggage) = portabagagli (trunk).
lavare (to wash) + stoviglie (dishes) = lavastoviglie (dishwasher).
aspirare (inhale) + polvere (dust) = aspirapolvere (vacuum cleaner).
spazzare (sweep) + neve (snow) = spazzaneve (snow blower).
asciugare (to wipe) + mani (hands) = asciugamani (towel).
And many other words.
In addition to the ease of word formation of such nouns, their ease lies in the fact that they are unchangeable, that is, the transition to the plural is grammatically reflected only by changing the article.
Why is it hard?
The subjunctive mood (congiuntivo), the use of which in Romance languages is approximately functionally similar, presents difficulties for Russian speakers. Strongly (very strongly) generalizing, the subjunctive mood means that the information presented is either doubtful or emotionally charged. Sometimes Italians deliberately replace the subjunctive mood with the indicative mood in order to give their words greater force and authenticity, but in doing so they make a grammatical error.
In practice, using the subjunctive mood means that you must always remember the appropriate forms of the verb when expressing hope, expectation, emotion, dissatisfaction, etc.
For example:
The information is presented as a fact:
Black car = L "auto e nere.
Now let's add a little "personal factor":
I think his car is black = Credo che la sua auto sia nera.
Both in the first phrase and in the second there are 3 persons, singular. the number of the verb “to be”, but as you can see, in the second version it has changed: it is not the fact that the car is really black that is stated here, but only our opinion, that is, that we believe that it is black.
Complicating the situation with the use of the subjunctive mood is the fact that it is used in a huge number of the most used phraseological units, for example, after the words “although”, “so that”, “in order to” and so on, and you need to get used to it, otherwise the speech will not only be illiterate, but even “difficult to understand.”
Why is it easy?
You study almost all other romantic languages at the same time - their vocabulary is so similar. In addition, in learning Italian you will be greatly assisted by a knowledge of the English dictionary, which also contains many Latin elements.
Here are just a thousandth of these words:
Russian - English - Italian
allow - permit - permettere
stunning - splendid - splendido
huge - enormous - enorme
page - page - pagina
apartment - apartment - appartamento
terrible - terrible - terribile
accurate - accurate - accurato
casual - casual - casiale
diary - diary - diario
pen - pen - penna
powerful - potent - potente
and many, many other words.
What's even more interesting. In addition to vocabulary, you will also find a huge number of grammatical similarities - with other romantic languages. Their number is incalculable: from the most general to the conjugation of irregular verbs.
Post navigationWhere to begin? These lessons will help you increase your Italian vocabulary. All Italian lessons are divided into levels and modules. When you first set out on the path to learning Italian, immediately press the button"start lesson" . If you feel that you already have the so-called “school vocabulary”, click the button
"start test"
- this way you will find out what level of Italian your knowledge approximately corresponds to.
Over time, take the test again and check your progress!
- How to learn Italian on this site?
- The lessons are designed in such a way as to increase vocabulary. At the same time, you can not only find out how the word is spelled, its translation and transcription. You will be able to hear how it is pronounced. Pronunciation is what distinguishes native speakers from learners from the first seconds of communication.
- We can learn Italian from books for as long as we like, know the grammar and many rules.
- But there will be difficulties with pronunciation. Books cannot convey how to pronounce a word in Italian.
Even a word read by a tutor may be pronounced differently by native speakers.
- Now, in the 21st century, anyone can learn Italian words with pronunciation completely free of charge! Get started now!
- For your convenience, the lessons are divided into 4 levels:
- You will see a table of words in Italian, their translation and transcription. On the left there will be buttons, by clicking on which you will hear the pronunciation of the word in Italian. Naturally, you will need headphones or speakers.
- Start with several lessons a day. This will prevent you from overworking your brain with new words. If you notice that the words are already familiar, feel free to skip the lesson and move on to the next Italian lesson.
- Are you wondering how your vocabulary has changed? Take the test again to see how the Italian tutorial changed your vocabulary.
How will this site help me?
The main goal of the site is to increase your vocabulary with words with correct pronunciation. The emphasis is on pronunciation- something that is always missing when you don’t communicate with native speakers. Another feature of the site is that registration is not required. We do not collect your personal data and do not send mailings via email or instant messengers. Here you can learn Italian completely free.. You can safely recommend it to your friends! We recommend bookmarking the site in case you accidentally lose the link. We decided to call the tutorial that way, because this method of learning Italian is suitable for lazy people, or those who cannot bring themselves to sit for an hour on lessons. One lesson here will take you no more than 15 minutes. This way you will increase your vocabulary in just 15 minutes a day. Enough reading already, it's time to start the first lesson!
M.: 2 006. - 376 p.
The new generation self-instruction manual is addressed to those who have not studied Italian before and want to master it quickly and independently. The manual includes an introductory course aimed at mastering the rules of reading and pronunciation, 11 lessons of the main course devoted to vocabulary and grammar, lesson dictionaries, Italian-Russian and Russian-Italian dictionaries, a short grammar reference book, exercises of varying degrees of difficulty with keys. The self-instruction manual is equipped with an audio application on CD containing texts and dialogues voiced by Italian speakers, as well as a color insert illustrating the regional study materials of the lessons. An accessible and step-by-step presentation of the material, explanations in Russian, and an effective self-control system make the manual indispensable for both children and adults - for those who have never studied languages or think that they have no ability for them. After completing the entire course, the reader will be able to communicate in Italian in typical situations, read Italian texts of average complexity and not fall into an awkward position due to ignorance of Italian customs and norms of linguistic behavior.
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CONTENT
To readers 3
How to work with this book 4
Introductory course
Lesson #1
ft 1. Italian alphabet 6
Rules for pronunciation of vowels and consonants. Stress Rules 7
ft 2. Reading exercise No. 1 ....8 Reading rules: letters c, g before a, o, i, letter s; letter e; letter!; double consonants 8
ft 3. Reading Exercise No. 2 ....8 Grammar:
§ 1. Gender of nouns 11
§ 2. Indefinite article: forms and main cases of use 11
§ 3. Question Che cosa е? 13
Lesson #2
Reading rules: letter s (continued) 16
ft 4. Reading exercise No. 1 16
Reading rules: letter i; letter and; letter q; letters c, g before i, e 17
ft 5. Reading Exercise No. 2 ....18
Grammar:
§ 1. Plural nouns 19
§ 2. The concept of mixed gender....20
Lesson #3
Reading rules: letter combinations gn, gli, che, chi, ghi 24
ft 6. Reading Exercise No. I 24
Language and culture: Signora? Signorina? (Signora? Signorina?) 25
Grammar:
§ 1. Indefinite article: cases of non-use 26
§ 2. Indefinite article plural 26
§ 3. Adjective: forms and place in sentence 27
§ 4. Agreement of an adjective with a noun 28
Lesson #4
Reading rules; letter g 32
ft 7. Reading exercise No. 1 32
Grammar:
§ I. The definite article: forms and main cases of use 33
Italian way of life: Non solo un cafie (Coffee and more) 37
Lesson #5
Reading rules: letter combination sc 39
ft 8. Reading Exercise No. 1 39
Grammar:
§ 1. Personal pronouns 40
§ 2. Irregular verb essere 40
§ 3. Non-use of the article in answer to a question about profession 41
ft 9. Dialogo No. 1 (Dialogue No. L): Ciao! (Hello!) 42
ft 10. Dialogo No. 2: Buon giorno! (Good afternoon!) 44
Grammar:
§ 4. Designations of nationalities 45
ft I. Dialogo No. 3: Di dove siete? (Where are you from?) 47
Italian way of life: Caffe di nuovo! (And once again about coffee!) 48
Traveling in Italy:
L "ltalia. Profilo geografico (Italy. Geographical portrait) 49
Lesson #6
ft 12. Reading exercise JN"Q 1 51
ft 13. Reading exercise No. 2 51
ft 14, Reading exercise,\"e 3 51
Grammar:
§ 1. Irregular verb avere 52
ft 15. § 2. Intonation patterns 54
ft 16. II testo della lezione (Lesson text): Chi e 0 16
§ 3. Adverb anche ..117
§ 4. Irregular verbs venire, tenere .118
§ 5. Irregular verbs stare, dare 119
§ 6. Cardinal numbers from 21 to 1000 000 000 120
ft 25. II testo della lezione: A casa di Sergio (At Sergio’s House) 121
ft 26. II dialogo della lezione: Nelsalotto (In the living room) .129
Language and culture:
Comunicare con la gente (How people communicate) .133
Itmyan way of life: Fcste nazionali e religiose (National and religious holidays) 133
Travel to Italy: Colosseo (Coliseum) 133
Quinta lezione (lezione 5)
Grammar:
§ 1. Modal verbs 135
§ 2. Unstressed personal pronouns 137
§ 3. Personal pronouns with modal verbs 140
§ 4. Use of possessive pronouns with terms of kinship 143
§ 5. Irregular verbs conoscere, sapere 144
§ 6. Irregular verb dire 145
ft 27. II testo della lezione: Presentazioni (Getting to know each other) 146
ft 28. II dialogo della lezione: Discorsi sul lavoro (Talks about work) 15)
Language and culture: Ti o Lei? (“You” OR “You”?) 156
Italian way of life: Rapporti con i parenti (Relationships with relatives) 157
Travel to Italy: Foro Romano (Roman Forum) 158
Sesta lezione (lezione 6)
Grammar:
§\. Reflexive verbs 160
§ 2. Che ora е? Che ore sono? - What time is it now? 164
§ 3. Use of the words molto, tanto, troppo, poco, alcuno 166
§ 4. Gender of nouns ending in -ma, -ta, -ca 169
§ 5. Unchangeable nouns 169
§ 6. Irregular verbs uscire, riuscire 171
ft 29. II testo della lezione: Una giornata di lavoro (Working day) 171
ft 30. II dialogo della lezione: Acena (Dinner) 180
Italian lifestyle: La dieta mediterranea (Mediterranean diet) 187
Traveling around Italy: L'immagine di Roma Antica (Image Ancient Rome) 189
Settlma lezione (lezione 7)
Grammar:
§ 1. Passato prossimo (nearest past tense). Participio passato (past participle) 190
§ 2. Circumstance of time.... 198 § 3. Forms of the words bello and quello ....199 § 4. Irregular verb piacere 201
§ 5. Irregular verbs nascere, crescere, salire, porre ....203 ft 31. II testo della lezione: E arrivato Sergio! (Sergio has arrived!) 205
ft 32. II dialogo della lezione: Olga racconta le sue avventure (Olga talks about her adventures) 212
Language and culture:
Un po" sulla storia della lingua (A little about the history of language)....218
Travel to Italy: La Roma cristiana (Christian Rome) 219
Ottawa lezione (lezione 8)
Grammar:
§ 1. Passato prossimo (nearest past tense) (continued) 221
§ 2. Passato prossimo (nearest past tense) of modal verbs 223
§ 3. Place of unstressed personal pronouns with verbs in passato prossimo (nearest past tense) 225
§ 4. Designations of days of the week 226
Language and culture: Perche si chiamano cosl (Where did these names come from) 227
Grammar:
§ 5. Date designations 227
Grammar:
§ 6. Names of seasons and months 228
Language and culture: La lingua, lelingue,.. (Language, languages...) 228
Grammar:
§ 7. Ordinal numbers 229
Language and culture: Secoli all "italiana (Centuries in Italian) 229
§ 8. Irregular verbs ending in -urre 231
ft 33. And testo della lezione: Olga si e iscritta ad un corso d "italiano (Olga signed up for Italian language courses) 232
Italian way of life: CompHiamo un modulo! (Let's fill out the form!) 239
Italian way of life: L "lstruzione in Italia (Education in Italy) 241
ft 34, And dialogo della lezione: Olga chiede la strada (Olga asks how to get there.,.) 244
Italian way of life: Studiare alFL"niversita (University studies) 247
Traveling around Italy: Roma. Piazze e fontane (Rome. Squares and fountains) ....247
Nona lezione (lezione 9)
Grammar:
§ 1. Futuro semplice (future simple tense) 249
§ 2. Irregular forms of futuro semplice (future simple tense) 251
§ 3. Circumstances of time (continued) 252
§ 4. Futuro anteriore (pre-future tense) 253
§ 5. Participio passato (past participle) (continued) 254
§ 6. Degrees of comparison of adjectives 255
§ 7. Plurals of nouns and adjectives ending in -ca, -ga and -so, -go 258
§ 8. Color designations 259
ft 35. II testo della lezione: Progetti di fine-settimana (Plans for the weekend) 261
Italian way of life: Le autostrade in Italia (Italian highways) 264
ft 36. \\ dialogo della lezione: Prenotazione di albergo (Hotel reservation) 268
Italian way of life: Al mare (By the sea) 272
Travel to Italy: Firenze (Florence) 273
Decima lezione (lezione 10)
Grammar:
§ 1. Imperfetto (unfinished past tense) 275
§ 2.11 tempo - Weather 276
§ 3. Gerund 279
§ 4, Relative pronouns 282
ft 37. II testo della lezione: Una storia d'amore (Love Story) 286
ft 38. II dialogo della lezione: Due telefonate (Two phone calls) 291
Italian way of life: Matrimonio all "italiana (Marriage in Italian) 297
Travel to Italy: Musei di Firenze (Museums of Florence) 297
Undicesima lezione (lezione 11)
Grammar:
§ 1. Passive form of the verb 299
§ 2. Imperative mood 303
§ 3. Imperative mood of irregular verbs 307
ft 39. 11 testo della lezione: Un incidente stradale (Road accident) 310
Italian way of life: Andare in macchina in Italia (Around Italy by car) 313
ft 40. II dialogo della lezione: Dal medico (At the doctor) 315
Italian way of life: La multa! (Fine!) 320
ft 41.11 dialogo della lezione. Al ristorante (In the restaurant) 320
Traveling around Italy: Venezia, citta sul mare (Venice, city by the sea) 327
Forms of irregular verbs 329
Italian-Russian dictionary 330
Russian-Italian dictionary 347
Italian has a special energy and sound. It is not for nothing that it is recognized as the language of love: melodic, rhythmic, temperamental, with beautiful phonetic transitions and combinations of sounds. Listening and speaking Italian is a real pleasure. If you want to learn, follow our advice.
How to learn Italian quickly
In any endeavor, be it skydiving or the desire to learn Italian from scratch, the most important thing is attitude and motivation. Whatever method you choose for yourself - on your own, classes with a tutor, courses - the main thing is not to slow down and finish the job. One of driving forces- motivation. Below are some stimulating facts that will help you learn Italian from scratch on your own and quickly.
One of the national prides is the Italian film fund, or rather the directing school, known throughout the world for such masterpieces as “La Dolce Vita,” “The Taming of the Shrew,” and “Scent of a Woman.” Adriano Celentano, Sophia Loren, Ornella Muti - you will be able to hear the original speech from the lips of the legendary stars, without translation into Russian.
You will understand storylines opera productions. After all, it is in Italian that the characters of the classical opera communicate. You will perceive music in combination with words, and you will receive double aesthetic pleasure.
Morandi, Celentano, Ramazzotti- this music is beautiful and subtly touches the strings of the soul. Once you learn Italian, you will understand the meaning of each song and can even sing along.
Museums- one of the country's treasures. They store about 70% of the world's artistic values, recognized by UNESCO as unique. If you speak the language, you can join any excursion tour and learn a lot of interesting things about each of the exhibits, down to the word.
Italy is one of the most picturesque countries, which boasts many unique historical and architectural monuments. Rome, Florence, Venice - thousands of tourists from different parts of the world come to these cities all year round. By learning Italian at home, you will be able to travel freely and make new friends. A dictionary and phrasebook will no longer be useful.
Fashion and design. Italians have a sense of style in their blood. If you want to learn the intricacies of the fashion industry, you definitely need to visit Milan Fashion Week. You will be the first to see legendary couturiers, current collections, and what will be in trend all year. If you want to get into fashion design, there are specialized schools in major Italian cities that train aspiring fashion designers. In the question of how to learn Italian at home, in this case there is only one answer - think about the end result and achieve your goal.
Cooking. If you have a talent as a cook or specialized education and want to become a real professional, Italy will be the ideal place to achieve brilliant results. This school of chefs and restaurateurs is considered one of the strongest in the world. And you can’t do it without knowledge of the language.
- Italians mostly speak their native language and are reluctant to speak English, French or other European languages. Therefore, if you are planning to find business partners, you will have to seriously think about how long it will take to learn Italian from scratch. And before taking specific actions, achieve a conversational level - so that you can freely communicate with your interlocutor.
Your travels will become brighter and more eventful if you communicate with local residents in their native language during the tour. They are very hospitable and friendly, they will be happy to show you the sights and tell you interesting stories and invite you to visit. At the end of your trip, your list of friends will be enriched with a couple of smiling Italians.
Another incentive to learn Italian is a promising job as a translator. There are not many specialists with a profile in Italian. The salary level is quite high. The mission is noble.
If you dream of marrying an Italian and changing your place of residence, you won’t be able to cope without the language. Learn grammar, expand your vocabulary, practice live speech. A diploma from the Russian Geographical Faculty is not needed; it is enough to reach a conversational level.
This language is easy to learn, it has easy and understandable phonetics. If French has many subtleties that require years of practice, here sounds and letters are in clear correspondence between spelling and pronunciation - this is similar to Russian.
There are many reasons for beginners to learn Italian on their own. And each of them is weighty and significant. Still striving for new knowledge - we have collected useful recommendations that will help you achieve the desired result.
Tutor
The most effective and fastest way is to hire a tutor. Nothing could be more intense individual lessons. Firstly, you choose a convenient schedule for yourself. Secondly, the teacher draws up a training program specifically tailored to your level of knowledge, adjusts the process depending on the difficulties that arise, focuses on mistakes, and works through weak sides. The main thing is to find a good tutor who will give you comprehensive theory and speaking practice.
The most common option is language courses. To do this, you need to find a school that suits you geographically and according to the class schedule. The group usually consists of 10-15 people with approximately the same level of knowledge.
The teaching system is standard: lectures, audio and video lessons, tests, communication. The disadvantage is that you yourself need to notice the mistakes and correct them in time. In group classes, the teacher’s emphasis is scattered across all students; help is required - do not be shy to draw attention to yourself.
Live communication
If you want to learn Italian on your own, find an interesting conversation partner. Live communication is the basis of efficiency. Through dialogue, you will learn speech patterns, catch the correct intonations, and expand your vocabulary. The second question is where to find such a person. Option two: foreign students from Italy (which is very rare for Russian universities) or through the Internet. Conversations via Skype are a great opportunity to see, hear and communicate. Advice: agree in advance on the time to get in touch, take into account the difference in time zones.
Journey
The ideal method that allows you not only to delve deeper into the language environment, but also to get a lot of impressions is a trip to Italy. If your goal is to learn Italian on your own, choose special tours similar to English language camps. If finances allow, you can hire a tutor and combine travel with classes.
Without leaving the apartment
If you plan to learn the language at home, choose good online courses. The program should be understandable, classes should be supported by audio and video material. At the end of each stage - testing. If you haven't completed the task, repeat what you've learned and try again. Working on mistakes in this case is only on your conscience, strain your willpower.
Whatever method you choose, don’t stop, set yourself up for a successful ending. To make classes easier and more effective, we’ll tell you about little tricks that will simplify the learning process:
You must learn to hear yourself. This is the only way to understand your speech mistakes. Try to speak Italian as much as possible. Sing songs, recite poems, express your thoughts out loud - you'll see, your loved ones will like it. Italian is beautiful, even if its meaning is unclear.
Prepare stickers with difficult words that you can’t remember, and paste them in different rooms - where you visit most often. This way you will train your memory and will not make mistakes.
Buy books in Italian. It is best to choose fiction and preferably something that you have read in Russian. If difficulties arise, support the process with a dictionary. Write down the phrases you like and pronounce them.
Watch movies, TV shows. This is another opportunity to hear live speech. The presentation of information by TV presenters is a speech standard to which one should strive.
You should always have a small dictionary in your pocket or purse. If you want to say a phrase in Italian, but have forgotten the word, use the cheat sheet. And the more often you rely on the regulatory framework, the richer and more literate your vocabulary will be.
Italian is a unique language, with its own history and energy. Today he is beloved all over the world, but this popularity did not arise immediately. Previously, before it was completely separated into a subgroup of Romano-Germanic languages, Italian was considered common and was used among people of the lower and middle classes. Surprising but true. And this is not the only surprising fact.
Charles V, one of the Holy Roman Emperors, said a phrase about Italian that every third Italian knows today and repeats at any opportunity. Translated into Russian, his words sounded something like this: “Every language is needed for something. In Spanish I speak with God, in French about matters with men, in German with my faithful horse, and in Italian with beautiful women.” And today Italian is considered the language of love, conquering women’s hearts.
Debut in fiction, written and published in Italian, is a famous work by Dante “ The Divine Comedy”, which instantly spread throughout the world, becoming no less popular than Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”.
Italian is conservative and has not changed phonetically or structurally over the past seven centuries. And it's not about the strictness of the standards. The language is convenient and easy to learn, does not require speech and grammatical improvement.
Italian loves borrowed words. Sometimes even with an excess, polluting the original standards. Thus, at the beginning of the 20th century, Mussolini made quite tough attempts to limit the use of foreign words. For this reason, little Italians know Mickey Mouse as Topolino and Donald Duck as Paperino.
One of the features is endings in words with a vowel sound. This rule applies to both categories: common nouns and proper ones. Residents of the North of Italy can be identified by the ending of their surname with “o”, and southerners - with “i”.
The language of terms in the musical and culinary fields is mainly based on words borrowed from Italian. Musicians all over the world know: concerto, sonata, soprano, maestro, piano. And, of course, all chefs are familiar with pasta, mozzarella, pizza, amaretto, cappuccino.
26 letters in the longest word in Italian. This is precipitevolissimevolmente, which means “very quickly” in Russian.
The number of tenses in Italian can be confusing at first. There are 15 of them, but not all of them are used in modern speech. For example, Passato remoto and Passato prossimo can be observed geographically - among the residents of Tuscany. These forms of long past and near past tenses are used today only when writing official documents.
Not all Italians have the same pronunciation. However, this phenomenon is also characteristic of other languages. Our northerners okayut, southerners swallow vowels in syllables and pronounce the fricative “g”, etc. Synonymous speech mutations also occur in Italian. For example: Coca-Cola from the lips of the inhabitants of Tuscany will sound like Hoha Hola.
Many words consist of two parts, the first of which is constant, and the second is adjacent and changes the meaning. Sometimes similar-sounding word forms have contradictory meanings: bellissima means “beautiful” in Russian, but bellona means faded.
Let's sum it up
The Italian language is beautiful, popular and at the same time easy to learn. If you want to achieve a conversational level, start with self-study, learn the basics of grammar and phonetics. The next step should be to practice. Talk more, find an interlocutor who will help you correctly place intonations, speech and semantic accents. AND perfect way- immerse yourself in the language environment, go on a trip to Italy. This way you will strengthen your knowledge base, improve your skills, and spend your time brightly, richly and usefully.
In this section you can find and download Italian language tutorials for free.
Book: Practical Italian language course
Dobrovolskaya. Yu.A.
Chapter: language teaching
Type: home tutor
Pages: 460
Year: 2006
Format: pdf
Size: 2.1 MB
Description: This electronic publication is addressed to both students and anyone who wants to master the language. The exercises are filled with turns of speech, and most texts are replete with dialogues. which distinguishes the textbook as a practical guide to language acquisition.
An excellent classic textbook of classical Italian. Everything a diligent student needs to master the language at the highest level.
The material in the textbook is presented clearly, consistently, accessiblely and in a concise form. The book contains the necessary information on the history, geography, economy and culture of Italy. Much attention is paid to everyday vocabulary.
Book: Self-teacher of the Italian language. The fastest Italian.
Format: PDF
Number of pages: 130
The manual is intended for intensive teaching of the Italian language - speaking, reading, understanding and communication. Covers vocabulary on 12 important everyday topics. Includes the grammar information you need to speak Italian correctly. Contains regional information about Italy. Unlike many other textbooks, this one pays the greatest attention not to grammatical information, but to vocabulary - in the book you will find the most common modern language words and expressions that can be useful in practical situations, when communicating with native speakers, on a work or tourist trip, etc. Instead of traditional lessons, the textbook consists of twelve weeks, each of which consists of seven days, and the day is divided into morning, afternoon and evening. We recommend studying daily: a quarter of an hour a day will be enough to begin to understand and speak Italian in three months. On the last day of each week, you will be offered exercises to consolidate the material covered during the week. Answers to the exercises are given in the section "Keys to the exercises"