A generalist machine operator works in metalworking production, in repair shops, repair shops of various industries. This specialty arose in connection with the need for the rapid production of small batches of parts of varying complexity for the repair of machine tools and mechanisms. He processes parts made of metal and other materials on lathes, milling, drilling and grinding machines. Guided by the drawing of the part, he determines the sequence of its manufacture. Selects the necessary tools for this. Uses reference books and makes the necessary calculations. Selects the cutting mode, sets up the machine, installs the tool and workpiece, and processes the part. Verifies the dimensions of the part and the quality of its processing using optical instruments. In the process of work, the machine operator uses hand tools, mechanical equipment (lathes, drilling, milling, grinding machines) and measuring instruments. Works indoors. The main working position is the “standing” position.

Harmful factors are high noise levels and dusty air. Microtraumas to the hands are possible.

Must know: fundamentals of materials science, theory of strength of materials, electrical engineering, technical mechanics, technical measurements; device, rules for setting up machines and checking them for accuracy, design and rules for using measuring instruments, technology of heat treatment, sharpening, finishing of tools; principles of calibration of part profiles, classes of accuracy and cleanliness of processing.

Should be able to:"read" drawings; calculate processing modes for parts made of various materials using reference materials; carry out adjustment and sub-adjustment of machines; perform processing of parts made of different materials on various machines; check the dimensions of parts using measuring tools.

The profession has 2-6 categories. To successfully master the profession of a machine operator required: physical strength, sufficient visual and hearing acuity, accurate color discrimination, subtle tactile and kinesthetic sensitivity, accurate linear and three-dimensional eye measurement, accurate visual-motor coordination (at the level of movements of both hands), spatial imagination and visual-figurative thinking.

Job Not recommended people suffering from diseases: respiratory organs with frequent exacerbations, unfavorable cardiovascular system; nervous system, manifested by attacks of dizziness and loss of consciousness; skin with predominant damage to the hands, as well as persons with reduced vision and hearing.

Related professions: sharpener, driller, tool maker, pattern maker, planer, universal turner, milling maker, grinder.

JOINTER

At woodworking and other enterprises, a carpenter performs work on the manufacture of parts, assemblies, products, furniture of varying complexity according to drawings and sketches. The uniqueness of carpentry is that one person must own all the tools in his workshop and various types of woodworking machines in order to make a thing from scratch to its complete completion, which is especially important when making furniture. The scope of operations that a carpenter must master is quite large. He manually plans block parts, and in various devices for assembling products he glues panels, white-wood and veneer frames, and bars heated with high-frequency currents. Prepares the surfaces of products for veneering, cleans and polishes veneered parts and assemblies, adjusts and attaches parts to assemblies and products with glue and screws. In addition, the carpenter selects, adjusts and hangs doors, performs work on inserting locks, installing and fastening front fittings, mirrors, glass doors and shelves. Glues upholstery materials to products. Repairs parts and assemblies intended for finishing. Performs repairs and restoration of cabinet, lattice and bent furniture with the replacement of individual components and parts.

Perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting of all types of carpentry work is the manufacture and restoration of furniture.

After all, in Lately More and more antique furniture and artistic furniture of modern forms are appearing, and although the labor intensity of such products is higher, their good quality and high consumer value more than compensate for the high labor costs. To perform this work, the carpenter must know the entire technological process of manufacturing furniture and its parts, the main species, properties and defects of wood, as well as other materials, varnishes, and adhesives used.

The profession of a carpenter contributes development of aesthetic taste, imagination and thinking. Working with wood, a material that always conceals unexpected finds, develops special forms of perception: observation, the ability to highlight interesting decorative features of the material. Performed primarily at a natural pace and requiring calm, the work presupposes stability in the emotional sphere and promotes the development of patience and self-control. In the process of mastering a profession, a variety of motor skills are formed, accuracy and coordination of movements, and the eye are improved.

When choosing this profession need to know that it is very important for a carpenter to have good vision, chronic lung diseases with a tendency to frequent exacerbations (for example, bronchial asthma) and diseases accompanied by attacks of dizziness and loss of consciousness are undesirable.

TURNER

Turning is one of the most widespread metalworking specialties, as lathes are the largest group of machines in machine shops. Turner is a profession necessary in all sectors of the national economy, therefore there remains a constantly high level of demand for specialists in this profession.

Turning is the processing of metals and non-metallic materials by cutting. Cutting is the sequential removal of layers of metal (chips) from a workpiece using a cutting tool. In this way, the shape, size and quality of the parts specified in the drawing are achieved.

A universal turner is a highly skilled machine operator. His work is varied. He performs external turning of the workpiece, giving it a cylindrical, conical or shaped shape;

internal boring of the product, cutting internal and external grooves and threads of different profiles; drilling various holes, finishing the product. In this case, the turner, according to the technology according to the drawings, making the necessary calculations, manufactures the part completely or does partial turning, then transferring the part to other machines (milling, grinding, slotting and others). The dimensions of the parts vary: from tenths of a millimeter to tens of meters. Therefore, small desktop machines are used for processing the smallest parts, and giant machines that process parts with a diameter of up to 3 m, a length of up to 30 m and a weight of up to 1700 tons. Both small and large machines require high precision and cleanliness of processing.

The work of a turner requires not only special knowledge, but also development of certain qualities: technical thinking, spatial concepts, memory for numbers and shapes, developed attention, ability to think logically. When setting up a machine, an important role is played by the eye, which helps to accurately install devices, coordination of movements of both hands when operating the machine (a feature of a turner’s work is that the hands simultaneously make different movements, and this requires significant training) and a certain physical strength. It is important that the worker develop, in addition to the qualities already listed, the subtlety of auditory perception when monitoring the rhythm of the machine. A significant part of a general-purpose turner’s working time is devoted to control and measuring operations. High precision requirements necessitate careful measurements. Therefore, it is very important to have acute vision, which makes it possible to notice small differences in shape. Color perception plays an important role, since by the color of the chips the turner determines whether the cutting mode is correctly determined (the color of the chips changes at different turning speeds).

Must know: rules for setting up and checking the accuracy of lathes of various types; methods for installing fasteners and aligning parts; methods for determining the technological sequence of processing and selecting optimal cutting conditions; rules for heat treatment, sharpening, finishing and installation of cutting tools; principles of profile calibration; diagram of the plasma heating installation and measures to ensure its safe operation; rules for setting up a plasma torch; properties of cooling and lubricating fluids; system of tolerances and landings, qualifications (accuracy classes) and roughness classes (processing cleanliness).

When choosing this profession need to know that there are production factors that negatively affect the health of the turner: increased noise levels, metal dust, emulsion and oil vapors in the air. Therefore, persons suffering from hypertension, chronic lung diseases with a tendency to frequent exacerbations (for example, bronchial asthma) and those who have had tuberculosis, ear diseases with persistent hearing loss and diseases accompanied by attacks of dizziness and loss of consciousness are not allowed to study in this specialty.

Machine tools (milling operator, woodworking machine operator, etc.) and metalworking professions.

TEACHER

The sower of the reasonable, the good, the eternal - they say about the TEACHER. Pedagogical activity requires a special calling, which is based on love for children. It is not for nothing that all the great teachers, dreaming of a school of joy and creating it, loved children immensely. The teacher carries out training and education of students, taking into account the specifics of the subject being taught, and contributes to the formation of a general culture of the individual. Uses a variety of forms, methods, techniques and teaching aids, including individual plans, accelerated courses within the framework of state standards. Ensures the implementation of the curriculum, achievement and confirmation of educational levels by students. Maintains academic discipline and attendance schedule. Participates in the development of educational programs, is responsible for their implementation in full, in accordance with the curriculum and schedule of the educational process, and the quality of education of its graduates. Participates in the activities of methodological associations and other forms of methodological work. Systematically improves his professional qualifications. Communicates with parents or persons replacing them. Responsible for the life and health of students during the educational process.

Pedagogical activity requires from a person of certain qualities: endurance, patience, consistency, perseverance, self-control. He is obliged to control his behavior and manage it. The teacher’s speech should be expressive, emotional, and persuasive.

Must know:"Law on Education", the fundamentals of general theoretical disciplines to the extent necessary to solve pedagogical problems, theory of methodology, psychology, age-related physiology, school hygiene, methodology of the taught subject, educational work, requirements for equipment and equipment of classrooms, teaching aids and their didactic capabilities , modern directions of development of education. Pedagogical schools, pedagogical institutes, and universities prepare teachers for secondary schools. Most specialists who have received a pedagogical education work in secondary schools as primary school teachers and teachers of individual disciplines. Teacher labor is also used in boarding schools, colleges, technical schools, preschool institutions, and additional education institutions.

Job Not recommended people with mental disorders, severe diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, persistent visual and hearing impairments, chronic infectious and skin-venereal diseases that are bacterial and virus carriers, as well as those with bad habits (smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism).

Must know: your subject and its pedagogical specifics, be able to combine academic work with educational work, know the class, group, level of its knowledge; must know each student, the conditions in which he lives, his weaknesses and strengths, must be able to individualize the approach to it depending on this; must enjoy authority among the children, enjoy their trust and respect, master teaching methods; be able to prepare a lesson and think through it methodically; be able to convey your knowledge to others, help the student assimilate the material being communicated, and apply the acquired knowledge in practice; know age characteristics perception and thinking of the child, the conditions of his development at each age.

Requirements for professional training. The teacher works with the whole class and needs to keep many students in sight and notice any changes in their behavior. Thus, observation, distribution of attention, and switchability are professionally important qualities of a teacher. Pedagogical activity requires certain strong-willed qualities from a person: endurance, patience, consistency, perseverance, self-control. He is obliged to control his behavior and manage it. Correct speech, which should be expressive, emotional, and persuasive, is very important in the teaching profession. The teacher must be able to express his thoughts competently, clearly, simply, and understandably for the children.

Related professions: preschool teacher, after-school teacher, tutor, tutor, head of a private school.

FEDERAL SHER

In city and regional medical institutions, a paramedic is a doctor’s assistant and works directly under his supervision. In rural areas, he independently provides inpatient, outpatient, and home care, often performing the functions of a doctor.

The profession has specialties:

1) “Ambulance” paramedic - works mainly in service institutions “ Ambulance”, goes on call to provide first aid to a patient. Based on the examination data, a preliminary diagnosis is made. If necessary, call a doctor or a team of specialists. Transports patients during hospitalization. Performs medical procedures: intravenous infusions, injections, dressings, etc.;

2) medical assistant laboratory assistant - collects materials (blood, gastric juice, etc.), prepares preparations for microscopy;

3) military paramedic - conducts reception and medical checkup, as well as treatment in military units, on ships in the absence of a doctor or under his supervision;

4) paramedic of psychoneurological institutions - in places where there is no psychiatrist, sends identified or seeking help to mental patients in the hospital and monitors them after discharge;

5) paramedic-obstetrician - delivers babies, carries out patronage of pregnant women and infants, measures to prevent female and child mortality;

6) sanitary paramedic - carries out sanitary inspection of food enterprises, baths, showers, all types of disinfection at his site, draws up sanitary inspection reports, etc.

The paramedic works in constant contact with people (except for the paramedic-laboratory assistant), in one or two shifts, round-the-clock duty, work on holidays and weekends are possible. He is often on the move. Work is associated with significant physical activity, nervous stress (the need to provide emergency assistance, correct diagnosis, working with people in different mental states), and the risk of contracting infectious diseases.

For effective work as a paramedic required: physical endurance, resistance to stress factors, good long-term and operational memory, the ability to quickly assess and make operational decisions, observation, responsibility, accuracy, discipline.

Good knowledge required in the field of chemistry, anatomy and human physiology. It is necessary to have knowledge of the main symptoms of diseases in adults and children, instructions for the use of medications, compliance with the rules of their recording and storage, knowledge of the methods and techniques of patient care, skills of resuscitation of the victim, as well as knowledge of and compliance with the principles of medical ethics and deontology.

Paramedic work is not recommended people with severe disorders of the cardiovascular system, mental illness, allergies to medications, visual impairment (mainly for medical assistants), who are bacteria and virus carriers. Persons with disabilities due to damage to the musculoskeletal system, hearing impairment, and diabetes mellitus can successfully work as a medical laboratory assistant.

Nurse, teacher medical school, pharmacist.

FARMER

The farmer ensures the production of marketable agricultural products on rented or privately owned land and agricultural machinery.

Organizes and performs a wide range of labor operations. Performs various household works: metalworking, welding, construction, operates machine and tractor units. Engaged in selection, collection, processing, storage and sale of manufactured products. Takes care of increasing productivity, preserving livestock, procuring feed, fighting pests of agricultural crops, and providing veterinary care.

Farms can specialize in individual branches of agriculture (crop growing, livestock farming, beekeeping, fishing, etc.) or be complex (multi-sectoral). Work on crop farms is seasonal, performed during the daytime, and allows for greater use of machinery. A livestock farmer is busy all year round with an approximately equal workload and full time with short breaks, and sometimes at night for regular provision of feed, cleaning premises, and caring for young animals.

The work of a farmer is fraught with risk due to the vagaries of the weather, competition, and fluctuations in prices for equipment and products. The farmer must monitor the state of the market, show flexibility and efficiency in repurposing production. To the extent necessary, he uses the services of financial, trade, supply, repair, legal and other support and intermediary structures.

The work of a farmer is physical and mental at the same time, intense, irregular, with a high share of manual labor. To him necessary interest in nature, hard work, self-discipline, enterprise, practical ingenuity and dexterity.

Must know: basics of crop production, livestock farming, economics, legal legislation and regulations, land use, monetary relations, tax and customs policy; device, operation, control of machine and tractor units.

Farmer's work requires sufficient physical strength, endurance, good health, good vision and hearing. When choosing this profession, the following are contraindicated: diseases of the joints and spine (severe polyarthritis, osteochondrosis), vascular diseases (severe endarteritis, varicose veins of the lower extremities, thrombophlebitis), bronchial asthma and other severe chronic lung diseases. However, with some deviations in the functions of the respiratory and nervous system, moderate physical labor in the air helps improve health.

Related professions (specialties): livestock breeder, vegetable grower, tractor driver.

MILLING MACHINE

A milling operator works in mechanical engineering and metalworking enterprises. On milling machines (horizontal, vertical, copying, multi-spindle, universal and specialized) he processes parts of varying complexity and purpose, and carries out their plasma-mechanical processing. Based on the drawings of the part and the technological map, determines the sequence of processing of the part. Performs the necessary calculations, determines the processing sequence and cutting modes, and adjusts the equipment being serviced. Using measuring instruments, checks the compliance of the processing with the specified parameters. Installs parts and aligns them in various planes.

To successfully master the profession you need: visual-motor coordination at the level of hand movements, accurate linear and three-dimensional eye measurement, ability to concentrate, good visual memory, developed visual-figurative thinking, spatial imagination.

Works individually indoors. Working position - standing, fixed. A harmful factor is the high noise level.

Must know: rules for setting up and checking the accuracy of serviced machines; features of the operation of the plasma heating installation, measures to ensure its safe operation; methods for setting up a plasma torch; mechanical properties of processed materials; methods of installation, fastening, alignment of workpieces; rules for determining optimal cutting conditions; rules for heat treatment, sharpening and finishing of cutters; system of tolerances and landings, qualifications (accuracy classes) and roughness classes (processing cleanliness).

The profession has 2-6 categories.

When choosing this profession need to know that there are production factors that negatively affect health: increased noise levels, metal dust, emulsion vapors and oils in the air. Therefore this specialty Not recommended persons suffering from hypertension, chronic lung diseases with a tendency to frequent exacerbations (for example, bronchial asthma) and those who have had tuberculosis, having ear diseases with persistent hearing loss and diseases accompanied by attacks of dizziness and loss of consciousness.

Related professions: sharpener, tool maker, general machine operator, general-purpose turner.

WATCHMAKER

Works in watch repair shops and repair shops of watch factories. A highly qualified watchmaker in the workshop independently performs all types of repair operations: disassembling the mechanism, identifying defects, washing components and parts, replacing defective parts, manufacturing simple parts, assembling and adjusting watches.

At the receiving point, the watchmaker-receiver, based on the results of the inspection of the watch mechanism, determines the malfunctions and places an order. Upon return of the repaired watch from the workshop, he winds it and adjusts its accuracy before handing it over to the customer. If there is no need for repairs, the watchmaker-receiver, in the presence of the customer, corrects minor problems and adjusts the mechanism.

In the repair shop, a watchmaker performs the following operations: disassembles the watch and identifies defects; washes parts and components of the mechanism; selects parts and assemblies that require replacement and manufactures the missing ones; assembles clock mechanisms and checks their operation. During work, he uses hand tools (screwdrivers, tweezers, magnifying glass), washing machines, electronic precision meter and others.

A watchmaker works indoors. A forced working posture is typical - a “sitting” position. The eyesight is subject to increased stress: working with small details, uneven load on both eyes (due to the use of a magnifying glass).

The profession has 2-6 categories.

To successfully master the profession required: good tactile and kinesthetic sensitivity, visual-motor coordination at the level of hand movements, the ability to sustainably concentrate attention for a long time, spatial imagination, visual-figurative thinking.

Must know: clock mechanism device; manufacturing technology of various types of watches; sequence of watch assembly and disassembly operations; main types of faults, methods for identifying and eliminating them; rules for processing manufactured parts; formulation of cleaning compounds.

Should be able to: carry out watch repair operations in accordance with your qualifications; use hand tools and instruments, debug them and keep them in working order.

Related professions: repairman of radio-electronic equipment and devices, microcircuit assembler.

SEAMSTRESS

The seamstress profession is one of the most common in light industry. At sewing enterprises, sewing products for household and technical purposes is carried out on sewing machines various designs by in-line method; parts are moved using a conveyor from one machine to another in a certain sequence. The seamstress, in accordance with the sewing technology and the division of labor accepted at the enterprise, performs work of various complexity and types: from preparing soft containers and sewing on factory marks to sewing sleeves into the armhole, collar, collar and other operations. Each seamstress performs several operations or even one, but must be able to perform any one.

The main thing in the work of a seamstress is speed and accuracy. She visually controls the quality of the seam, the length of the stitch, the frequency of the stitching, the parallelism of the seams; she must have a developed eye and correct color perception, since she has to distinguish not only the main colors, but also shades of the same color. Great importance has the ability to work stably for a certain time in conditions of industrial noise. The best results are achieved by seamstresses who have perseverance, accuracy, focused attention, and a high degree of coordination of hand movements.

Should know: device of serviced machines, methods of regulating thread tension and stitch frequency; sewing properties of fabrics, knitwear, fur; assortment of sewing products, methods of their processing; technical conditions for the operations performed; sequence of processing of product parts using the flow method.

The profession has categories: in sewing production 1-5th; in fur - 1-4th; in knitwear, textile haberdashery and other textile industries - 1-3rd.

The seamstress profession is not suitable people with poor vision, impaired color vision, chronic eye diseases of an unfavorable course (for example, glaucoma), as well as people suffering from hypertension.

Related professions (specialties); embroiderer, cutter, tailor, teacher at school, school on cutting and sewing courses.

PAINTER

Plasterer-painter works in construction organizations. His role in construction is very great, because he carries out finishing work and the beauty of the building depends on their quality, its appearance, coziness and comfort of the interior. The volume of work operations performed by a plasterer-painter is very large. He plasters the surfaces of structures and parts of buildings and structures - walls, ceilings, pilasters, columns, beams, facades, domes, arches of various shapes. Prepares the surface for plaster (levels, cuts the surface with a power tool, nails shingles). Prepares solutions for various types of plaster, marks the surface for plastering, applies plaster using a mechanized tool or manually, and finishes the surface after plastering. Paints parts, as well as surfaces made of metal and other materials (after cleaning, repairing cracks) using mechanized spatulas, painting units and other tools and devices. Finishes surfaces with varnishing, polishing, artistic painting, as well as wood, marble and stone. Restores artistic inscriptions, paintings and drawings.

The work of a plasterer-painter involves performing a large number of frequently repeated movements and requires quite significant static and dynamic strain on the hands; this load is especially high when plastering walls and ceilings. In order to be able to select shades that are in harmony with each other and would correspond to the purpose of the surfaces being painted, the master must have correct color perception, artistic taste and good memory to color shades. Accuracy is especially important for the painter, since his work completes the work of the entire team of builders.

Must know: types and properties of materials and solutions used for plastering work; physical and chemical properties of coloring materials; techniques for marking and laying out the external and internal surfaces of buildings; technology and methods of decorative, artistic plastering and making special-purpose plasters; methods for performing paint and varnish coatings on parts and surfaces made of various materials, drying modes; rules for setting up serviced equipment; recipes for making paints, varnishes, putties; requirements for the quality of work performed.

The profession has 1-6 categories.

Profession plasterer-painter requires Good health and endurance when choosing this profession are contraindicated: diseases of the joints and spine (severe polyarthritis, osteochondrosis), vascular diseases (severe endarteritis, varicose veins of the lower extremities, thrombophlebitis), bronchial asthma and other chronic lung diseases, some types of skin diseases.

Related professions (specialties); mason, metal painter, industrial training master, graphic designer.

An ecologist organizes the protection of the life and health of people, flora and fauna from the consequences of irrational and uncontrolled use of scientific and technological achievements. It ensures the maintenance of a balance between environmental protection measures and the needs of the scientific, technical and economic development of the country, and for these purposes focuses attention on compliance with and improvement of technological regimes, production culture, rules for transporting hazardous substances, and methods of self-defense of citizens.

Through observations, surveys, instruments and other methods, the ecologist analyzes the state of water, land, air, plants, animals, as well as the influence natural environment and food products on the health and well-being of people, their genetic apparatus. Identifies and classifies current and potential sources of environmental hazard, determines its origin, nature, degree, scale, real and predicted consequences. Taking into account current and future environmental standards and regulations, it develops a set of environmental protection measures, achieves their implementation, and monitors the results in accordance with legislative acts.

Consults employers on the prevention of environmental risks and reducing the costs of penalties. Coordinates its actions with sanitary and hygienic supervision authorities, the Committee on Chemical and Biological Weapons, and federal supervisory authorities for nuclear and radiation safety. Through the media, explains and promotes the goals and importance of environmental activities.

The work of an ecologist is complex and intense; work with documents is combined with traveling and organizing practical events. To him necessary stable social and moral motivation, observation, emotional and volitional stability, integrity, high physical endurance.

This activity contraindicated people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, mental illnesses.

Professional training requirements: good training in archaeology, biology, medicine, sociology, history, literature, general orientation in issues of engineering and technology, labor economics, market relations, and law are required. Practical experience in one or more of these areas is desirable. Related professions (specialties): work in sanitary and hygienic, meteorological institutions, scientific and educational institutions.

“He has no equal in skill,” the Nadym repair and mechanical section of the Nadymgazremont vocational training institution of the Yugorsky branch of Gazprom Centerenergogaz JSC unanimously speaks about the level of qualifications of the general-purpose machine operator, site foreman Yuri Gustov. His professionalism is equally highly appreciated by both managers and colleagues: nothing is impossible for him in terms of repair and production of components and parts for gas pumping equipment.

Northern "cradle"

Yuri Gustov is a native of the North, a true son of his small Motherland. Like his own parents, he was born in the village of Bolshaya Galka, Bakcharsky district, Tomsk region, and spent his entire childhood there.

Later, the North gave Yuri his life’s work. He acquired the profession of a wide-ranging machine operator at the radio-mechanical vocational lyceum of the city of Tomsk, and after serving in the army, Yuri cameto Nadym: the young man was then engaged in industrial mountaineering and came there to earn money. He immediately liked the city - “ small and clean, people are friendly”. At the end of the working season, Gustov decided to stay in Nadym forever. Soon he was offered a job at the Nadymgazremont vocational school as a fourth-grade turner, where he has been working ever since, never regretting his choice.

Since January of this year, Yuri Alekseevich has been working as a foreman of the mechanical repair department.

Location - "Nadymgazremont"

The industrial world of the North turned out to be generous with new experiences and new impressions. At the very beginning of his “gas” career, Yuri Alekseevich worked for two years on a rotational basis in Western Siberia at the Priozernaya compressor station, working as a turner and mechanic in one person. Despite the fact that the area was remote and practically impassable, the activities were varied: they carried out routine work on gas air cooling units at minus 35 degrees, and replaced the NK-16 ST power unit at minus 40 ºС. “It’s easy for young people everywhere,” Yuri Alekseevich says with a smile. - True, sometimes we were physically very tired, and it’s difficult for families without husbands and fathers, especially in winter. But nature has always generously given us gifts. In the summer, after a shift, it happened that you had time to pick mushrooms and fry them with potatoes, and in the winter we even caught hares in a noose literally next to the CS. The meat of a wild hare is tasty, no match for a domestic rabbit.”

This is probably how it is in life: the more interesting the profession, the more complex it is and the more it demands from a person. Yuri Alekseevich considers his profession to be exactly like this - both difficult and interesting. He has perfectly studied the design of components and parts of gas pumping units and auxiliary equipment, knows very well the design and rules for checking the accuracy of RMU machine tools - lobe lathes, rotary lathes, milling machines of various types and designs and a whole range of other equipment.

The components repaired on site are installed on gas field equipment, on gas pumping units of compressor stations of main gas pipelines, which transport gas to Russian regions and to foreign countries.

Yuri Gustov: “Metal cutting is a special matter. A person, like a sculptor, can make anything from a piece of alloy - from a simple bolt to a complex shaped part. This is why I like my profession so much. I process every detail with pleasure, sometimes I don’t notice how the shift goes by. At the same time, you always need a cool head - you can’t make a mistake even by a hundredth of a millimeter, otherwise it’s a defect. The slightest mistake means not only the lost work of many people, but and equipment downtime for customers who are waiting for this part at the compressor station.”

"Northern" nature of production

In the North, people are special: the more you get to know them, the more they open up, and this does not at all mean “opening their hearts.” The main character traits of a “northern” person are resilience, composure, and a sense of comradeship.

So the team of the Nadym section of the vocational school “Nadymgazremont” is very united. Over many years of work, people have become accustomed to looking into the future with optimism; mutual support and trust are always present in the work process.

From the outside it may seem that the work of a machine operator, although important for the common cause, is boring and monotonous. Is this so, is there room for creativity in work? Yuri Alekseevich answers these questions like this: “yes, the work is important and difficult, but it definitely cannot be called boring and monotonous”. On the contrary, in his understanding, the repair process is often associated with making extraordinary decisions. “Although repair technologies have long been developed and are in use, many technical decisions are made directly during the repair process”, - Gustov is convinced. - Each unit that is repaired is, in fact, individual in its condition, types of defects and approach to its restoration.”

The site’s employees strictly observe labor safety rules, since powerful machines with rotating mechanisms are used in the daily activities of the site.

Appreciation of good work

Work Yuri Alekseevichis highly valued by the management of the enterprise. One of the confirmations of professional recognition is the nomination of Yuri Gustov for the award of Gratitude JSC Gazprom Centerenergogaz in honor of Oil and Gas Industry Workers Day.

When asked what principles he is guided by in his daily work, Yuri Alekseevich answers briefly: “Do as you would like to be done to you, that’s the main thing. The rest - skill, experience, qualifications, responsibility, creative attitude to work - is inherent in all good production workers. We have a lot of such people.” According to him, in an educational institution a person receives only basic theoretical education; practical experience is acquired directly at the workplace. Today, in order to become a highly qualified specialist who will be respected, you need to work for at least five to six years. In the future, such a specialist will be able to independently make production decisions and be responsible for his work, so that the customer is satisfied with its quality, so that there are no complaints either about the quality of the repair or about the further operation of the repaired equipment.

This is how it is at Nadymgazremont: young specialists initially work under the guidance of experienced mentors - foremen, highly qualified workers. Yuri Alekseevich himself combines independent self-improvement of his qualifications with support for less experienced workers, helping them master complex machinery, equipment and repair technology. “A person well trained in his specialty is always valued, and finding such people is not easy. During almost twelve years of my work at Nadymgazremont, many young specialists came to our site, but only a few of them remained to work. Over time, they became real professionals. You can’t do everything at once, you need to gradually immerse yourself in work with your head.”

Since work occupies a very important place in Yuri Gustov’s life, he has practically no free time. However, when he does get it, a walk for mushrooms, as well as hunting and fishing, is the greatest pleasure for him, as for a true Siberian.

Profession "Machine operator"

Turner is one of the oldest professions on earth, because... turning is at least 6 thousand years old, so this profession, as we see, is very, very respectable.

The first products of the ancient turner were recesses and holes in stones. The stick, which pressed the abrasive (sand) onto the stone being processed, was rotated between the palms, and gradually a hole or hole was formed in the stone.

But this is what the oldest machine looked like, of course, this is said loudly, but all the elements of the machine are present. Two trees are grandmas; arched drive; There are also centers - points attached to tree trunks. The stand for the cutter was a board tightly nailed to the trunks.

The bow drive lasted for many centuries in turning technology; It was also present in the machines of the ancient Egyptians, and they are about 4800 years old!

A further improvement was the Hellenic (ancient Greek) lathe. Ancient books have preserved information about the talented Greek master Fyodor, who became famous for his turning products. The ancient Greek machine was already more advanced. It had a strong frame, a movable rear center, a foot drive with a crankshaft, a chuck for securing the workpiece, and a board for resting the cutting tool against it.

But the next machine combined bow and foot drives, and in addition, had a front center and an adjustable stand for the cutter.

A real revolution in turning was made by the Russian “turning artist”, the personal master of Peter I and the head of his turning workshop, Andrei Konstantinovich Nartov (1694-1756).

A.N. Nartov, one of the most remarkable Russian technicians of the 18th century, a graduate of the Moscow School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences, for the first time in the world in 1712, invented and then built a turning and copying machine with a support - a mechanical holder for a cutting tool that replaces a human hand .

On this machine, now stored in the State Hermitage in St. Petersburg, there is an inscription: “The construction of the colossus began in 1718, it was completed in 1729. Mechanic Andrey Nartov"

At the end of the 18th century, Tver mechanic - watchmaker Lev Sobakin and Tula master Alexey Surnin developed drawings according to which screw-cutting lathes were manufactured for the manufacture of gun barrels.

For the first time on this machine, automatic shutdown of the support was used.

The production of lathes was especially widely developed at the Tula and other arms factories.

A generalist machine operator is the main working profession in mechanical engineering. He must be a highly skilled worker, because... To create high-quality products, one must be able to rebuild the equipment being serviced, know the structure, operating principle and technological capabilities of machines, technological equipment and cutting tools, read technological maps and drawings. The worker must plan all operations independently, and this can only be done with good knowledge of equipment, physics, mathematics, and drawing.

Our educational institution has been training specialist machine operators since 1987. For the Amur Machine-Building Plant, which was the base plant of the educational institution, they prepared:
- Controller of machine tools and plumbing works 1987;
- CNC machine operator, 1987;
- Rotary line adjuster 1987;
- Mechanic repairman 1987;
- CNC machine operator, 1987;
- Generalist machine operator.

For the Vympel plant:
- Mechanic for repair of ventilation and air conditioning systems.

The profession of a machine operator is very diverse; the worker must be a true professional in his field. Increasingly, computer-controlled machines and “machining center” type machines are appearing in enterprises, especially in serial and small-scale production, today’s machine operator is also an operator, a machine operator and a program-controlled manipulator.

Qualification:

Operator of computer-controlled machines;

Generalist machine operator.

1. General characteristics of the profession

Works in metalworking production, repair shops, repair shops of various industries. The specialty arose in connection with the need for the rapid production of small batches of parts of varying complexity for the repair of machine tools and mechanisms. A wide-profile machine operator processes parts made of metal and other materials on lathes, milling, drilling and grinding machines.

Guided by the drawing of the part, he determines the sequence of its manufacture. Selects the necessary tools for this. Uses reference books and makes the necessary calculations. Selects the cutting mode, sets up the machine, installs the tool and workpiece, and processes the part. Verifies the dimensions of the part and the quality of its processing using optical instruments.

There are advanced training courses in production, upon completion of which the next rank is assigned. In experimental production, highly qualified machine operators can be assigned ranks 7 and 8.

2. Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist

Physical strength, normal visual and hearing acuity, accurate color discrimination, fine tactile and kinesthetic sensitivity, accurate linear and volumetric eye measurement, accurate hand-eye coordination, good spatial imagination and visual-figurative thinking.

3. Medical contraindications

Work is not recommended for people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system (poro heart failure, heart failure, etc.), organsdigestion (peptic ulcer, chronic gastritisetc.), musculoskeletal system (chronicrheumatism, chest deformities, etc.), nervoussystems (fainting, meningitis, etc.), visual organs(reduced visual acuity and color discrimination, impaired binocularity, etc.), hearing organs (reduced hearing acuity), skin, localized on the hands(eczema, etc.).

4. Training requirements

Must know:

geometry, trigonometry, physics, drawing(at the level of secondary school), basic materialsscience, theory of material resistancefishing, electrical engineering, technical mechanics,technical measurements;

device, rules for setting up machines and checking them for accuracy, device and rulesuse of measuring instruments,heat treatment technology, sharpening, finishing ki of the instrument;

principles of calibration of part profiles,classes of accuracy and purity of processing.

Should be able to:

calculate the processing modes of partsfrom various materials, usingwaxing materials;

set up machines;

perform processing of parts from different materials on different machines;

check the dimensions of parts usingmeasuring instruments.

5. Related professions

Sharpener, driller, tool makerworker, fitter-patterner, planer, general-purpose turner, milling machine operator, grinder.

6. Paths to obtaining professional education

Machine operators work with different materials, so they can specialize in metal or wood processing.

Average wage: 30,000 rubles per month

Demand

Payability

Competition

Entry barrier

Prospects

A machine operator is a generalist who produces various products and parts from metal or other materials using special equipment.

History of the profession

Even in ancient times, people noticed that by mechanical action on stone, wood, bone and other natural materials, they could be given the necessary, more convenient form for use. To improve processing, special devices (machines) were invented. About 6 thousand years ago, a bow drive was used in Ancient Egypt. The ancient Hellenes developed a lathe with a foot drive and a moving bed.

In Russia, at the beginning of the 18th century, mechanic Andrei Nartov created a turning-copying device using a support, that is, the cutting tool was not in a person’s hand, but in a special holder. Tula craftsmen used this invention to make gun barrels. During the Second World War in the USSR, instead of men being drafted into the army, women were forced to mass produce products for the army on machines.

With the development of scientific thought, more and more progressive methods of energy transmission were used to create torque: the impact of water and steam falling from a height. Over the last century, reliable and efficient electric drives have played a leading role.

Description of the profession

The profession of a machine operator is one of the main ones in mechanical engineering; its representatives process workpieces in strict accordance with the given drawings. As a result, the output is a part that can be combined into a complex structure with other elements. The quality of the product the consumer will receive in the end will depend on the skill of the work.

It is not easy to answer unequivocally who a machine operator is. This working specialty in the 20th century was divided into several areas:

• Woodworking machine operator Most often works in the furniture industry. He makes solid panels from individual boards, grinds parts, drills holes for installing fasteners, and makes blanks for veneer. The sawmill operator is engaged in the production and cutting of boards and beams, as well as facing slab materials.
• Machine operator (metalworking). There are four specializations in this profession: driller, miller, grinder and lathe. Some craftsmen turn parts, others process them, creating grooves, recesses and internal cavities, others cut threads and drill holes of the required diameter, and still others, using abrasive materials, bring the workpiece to its final form.
• General machine operator works with metal and wood using a variety of technological equipment. He has the skills to manufacture a wide variety of parts.

Nowadays, an increasing number of numerically controlled machines are being introduced. The job responsibilities of the specialists serving them include the function of an operator using a CNC console.

What specialties are best to study in?

Colleges offer several areas of training for machine operators working on various technological equipment:

• general machine operator;
• machine saw operator;
• woodworking machine operator.

There are also specialists in servicing miter, ridge gluing, and edge jointing units.

It is not difficult to enter a secondary specialized educational institution. It is enough to write an application and provide a certificate for grade 9 or 11. Students are selected based on their average score.

The best colleges and courses for study

Among the secondary professional institutions, of which there are many in our country, the most famous are:

• The Industrial and Technological College (St. Petersburg) trains machine tool and equipment adjusters in machining. Students gain skills in working with turning, grinding, milling, keying and copying equipment, including program-controlled ones. At the establishment a large number of partners who then hire graduates: Kirov Plant LLC, Nevsky Instrumental Plant LLC, St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise Gorelektrotrans, etc.
• College of Architecture, Design and Reengineering No. 26. This is one of the leading educational institutions in Moscow, offering education in a number of areas. One of them is a woodworking machine operator. The college is a member of the Association of Wooden House Construction and has modern equipment for classes: thickness planers, format-cutting machines, jointers, tenoning machines and other machines. They also teach you how to use the latest computer programs: AutoCAD, CorelDRAW, ArchiCAD.
• The Nizhny Novgorod Radio Engineering College trains masters in the specialty “machine operator (metalworking)”, who can work on manual units of a wide range and on CNC machines. Students undergo practical training at leading enterprises in the region: OJSC “Plant named after. G.I. Petrovsky”, JSC “Nizhny Novgorod Scientific and Production Association named after. M. V. Frunze, OJSC Gidromash, NPP Polet. There are two equipped resource centers in the college.
• Ural Polytechnic College - Interregional Competence Center (Ekaterinburg) provides the region's industry with operators of computer-controlled machine tools. After grade 11, the course lasts only 10 months. Employment is provided by Ural Instrument-Making Plant OJSC, Uraltransmash OJSC, Ural Optical-Mechanical Plant named after. E. S. Yalamova" and other enterprises.
• Restoration College "Kirovsky" (St. Petersburg) focuses on training specialists in the restoration of historical buildings and artistic wooden products. Among the profiles offered are a number of rare specialties, as well as a woodworking machine operator. Graduates work in restoration workshops in the Northern capital and throughout the country, as well as in wood processing enterprises.

You can quickly obtain a specialty or master a new profession in addition to your existing one through courses at professional training centers, for example:

Based on the results of the classes, students take exams and receive a state-issued certificate, which is accepted throughout the country. If the courses were completed in a distance format, then a confirming document is sent by mail.

Responsibilities at work

The functions of a machine operator depend on the type of production (wood or metalworking) and the list of technological equipment available at the plant. For example, the job responsibilities of a woodworking machine operator include:

• selection of raw materials for processing;
• securing the workpiece on the work table;
• installation and adjustment of cutting tools;
• execution of turning works according to the provided sketches, samples or drawings;
• planing of parts, edges, bars, shavings, veneer on special machines (edging, molding, thicknessing);
• set of shields and stitching of parts;
• perforating slabs and removing rust in them;
• drilling holes and sockets;
• milling of recesses and cavities;
• product quality control and rejection of substandard elements;
• maintenance and participation in equipment repair.

A metalworking machine operator has his own set of functions, including cutting threads of various types, milling internal and external surfaces, grinding parts using coolant, boring and drilling holes in hard alloys. Such craftsmen can produce objects from stone and ceramics in small-scale production.

In general, employers require the following professional skills:

• knowledge of the basics of materials science and mechanics;
• good level of knowledge of drawing, trigonometry, geometry;
• understanding the internal structure of different machines, the ability to set them up, sharpen and maintain them, and perform minor repairs;
• ability to use measuring instruments;
• skill in reading drawings and reference materials;
• performing the work efficiently and in accordance with the specified parameters.

All these skills can be acquired in specialized colleges.

Who is it suitable for?

Important personal qualities of a machine operator are:

• physical strength and endurance;
• good color discrimination, acute hearing and vision;
• tactile sensitivity and excellent eye;
• imaginative thinking and spatial imagination;
• precise coordination of movements; . patience and accuracy.

Positive aspects of the profession: demand in the labor market, good earnings from experienced specialists, ability to perform various types of work. Disadvantages: high level of responsibility, constant physical and psychological stress, often hazardous work, risk of injury or occupational disease.

How much do they get

On average across the country, a machine operator earns 25-35 thousand rubles. A generalist with a rank higher than fourth can count on 40-55 thousand rubles. The salary of a highly qualified specialist who can be entrusted with a responsible unique product is even higher. In some regions (Tuva and Altai Republics, Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous Okrugs) they pay more due to northern allowances.

How to build a career

The profession of a machine operator is considered to be a blue-collar job, so there are no great career prospects; growth mainly occurs through increased qualifications.

Prospects for the profession

Modern production is constantly being modernized, more and more products are produced on automatic equipment, so employees capable of working on machines and servicing them will always be needed.