21 October 2014, 14:47

Portrait of Ivan Bunin. Leonard Turzhansky. 1905

♦ Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born into an old noble family in the city of Voronezh, where he lived the first few years of his life. Later the family moved to the Ozerki estate (now Lipetsk region). At the age of 11 he entered the Yeletsk district gymnasium, but at the age of 16 he was forced to stop studying. The reason for this was the ruin of the family. The reason for which, by the way, was the excessive spending of his father, who managed to leave both himself and his wife penniless. As a result, Bunin continued his education on his own, although his older brother Yuli, who graduated from the university with flying colors, went through the entire gymnasium course with Vanya. They studied languages, psychology, philosophy, social and natural sciences. It was Julius who had a great influence on the formation of Bunin’s tastes and views. He read a lot, studied foreign languages and already at an early age showed his talents as a writer. However, he was forced to work for several years as a proofreader at Orlovsky Vestnik in order to feed his family.

♦ Ivan and his sister Masha spent a lot of time as children with shepherds, who taught them to eat different herbs. But one day they almost paid with their lives. One of the shepherds suggested trying henbane. The nanny, having learned about this, hardly gave the children fresh milk, which saved their lives.

♦ At the age of 17, Ivan Alekseevich wrote his first poems, in which he imitated the works of Lermontov and Pushkin. They say that Pushkin was generally an idol for Bunin

♦ Anton Pavlovich Chekhov played a big role in Bunin’s life and career. When they met, Chekhov was already an accomplished writer and managed to direct Bunin’s creative fervor along the right path. They corresponded for many years and thanks to Chekhov, Bunin was able to meet and join the world of creative personalities - writers, artists, musicians.

♦ Bunin did not leave an heir to the world. In 1900, Bunin and Tsakni had their first and only son, who, unfortunately, died at the age of 5 from meningitis.

♦ Bunin’s favorite pastime in his youth and until his last years was to determine the face and entire appearance of a person by the back of his head, legs and arms.

♦ Ivan Bunin collected a collection of pharmaceutical bottles and boxes, which filled several suitcases to the brim.

♦ It is known that Bunin refused to sit at the table if he was the thirteenth person in a row.

♦ Ivan Alekseevich admitted: “Do you have any least favorite letters? I can't stand the letter "f". And they almost named me Philip.”

♦ Bunin was always in good physical shape, had good flexibility: he was an excellent horseman, and danced “solo” at parties, plunging his friends into amazement.

♦ Ivan Alekseevich had rich facial expressions and extraordinary acting talent. Stanislavsky invited him to the art theater and offered him the role of Hamlet.

♦ A strict order always reigned in Bunin’s house. He was often ill, sometimes imaginary, but everything obeyed his moods.

♦ An interesting fact from Bunin’s life is the fact that he did not live most of his life in Russia. Regarding the October Revolution, Bunin wrote the following: “This sight was sheer horror for anyone who had not lost the image and likeness of God...”. This event forced him to emigrate to Paris. There Bunin led an active social and political life, gave lectures, and collaborated with Russian political organizations. It was in Paris that such outstanding works as “The Life of Arsenyev”, “Mitya’s Love”, “Sunstroke” and others were written. In the post-war years, Bunin treated more kindly Soviet Union, but cannot come to terms with the power of the Bolsheviks and, as a result, remains in exile.

♦ It must be admitted that in pre-revolutionary Russia Bunin received the widest recognition from both critics and readers. He occupies a strong place on the literary Olympus and can easily indulge in what he has dreamed of all his life - travel. The writer traveled to many countries in Europe and Asia throughout his life.

♦ Second world war Bunin refused any contacts with the Nazis - he moved in 1939 to Grasse (the Maritime Alps), where he spent virtually the entire war. In 1945, he and his family returned to Paris, although he often said that he wanted to return to his homeland, but, despite the fact that after the war the USSR government allowed people like him to return, the writer never returned.

♦ B last years During his life, Bunin was sick a lot, but continued to work actively and be creative. He died in his sleep on November 7–8, 1953 in Paris, where he was buried. The last entry in I. Bunin’s diary reads: “This is still amazing to the point of tetanus! In some, very short time, I will be gone - and the affairs and fates of everything, everything will be unknown to me!”

♦ Ivan Alekseevich Bunin became the first emigrant writer to be published in the USSR (already in the 50s). Although some of his works, for example the diary “Cursed Days,” were published only after perestroika.

Nobel Prize

♦ Bunin was first nominated for the Nobel Prize back in 1922 (he was nominated by Romain Rolland), but in 1923 the prize was awarded to the Irish poet Yeats. In subsequent years, Russian emigrant writers more than once renewed their efforts to nominate Bunin for the prize, which was awarded to him in 1933.

♦ The official statement of the Nobel Committee stated: “By the decision of the Swedish Academy on November 10, 1933, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Ivan Bunin for the strict artistic talent with which he recreated a typically Russian character in literary prose.” In his speech when presenting the prize, the representative of the Swedish Academy, Per Hallström, highly appreciating Bunin’s poetic gift, particularly focused on his ability to describe real life with unusual expressiveness and accuracy. In his response speech, Bunin noted the courage of the Swedish Academy in honoring the emigrant writer. It is worth saying that during the presentation of the awards for 1933, the Academy hall was decorated, against the rules, only with Swedish flags - because of Ivan Bunin - a “stateless person”. As the writer himself believed, he received the prize for “The Life of Arsenyev,” his best work. World fame fell upon him suddenly, and just as unexpectedly he felt like an international celebrity. Photographs of the writer were in every newspaper and in bookstore windows. Even random passers-by, seeing the Russian writer, looked at him and whispered. Somewhat confused by this fuss, Bunin grumbled: "How the famous tenor is greeted...". Award Nobel Prize became a huge event for the writer. Recognition came, and with it material security. Bunin distributed a significant amount of the monetary reward received to those in need. For this purpose, a special commission was even created to distribute funds. Subsequently, Bunin recalled that after receiving the prize, he received about 2,000 letters asking for help, in response to which he distributed about 120,000 francs.

♦ Bolshevik Russia did not ignore this award either. On November 29, 1933, a note appeared in Literaturnaya Gazeta “I. Bunin is a Nobel laureate”: “According to the latest reports, the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1933 was awarded to the White Guard emigrant I. Bunin. The White Guard Olympus nominated and in every possible way defended the candidacy of the seasoned wolf of the counter-revolution, Bunin, whose work, especially of recent times, replete with motifs of death, decay, doom in the context of a catastrophic world crisis, obviously fell into the court of the Swedish academic elders.”

And Bunin himself liked to remember the episode that happened during the writer’s visit to the Merezhkovskys immediately after Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize. The artist burst into the room X, and, not noticing Bunin, exclaimed at the top of his voice: "We survived! Shame! Shame! They gave Bunin the Nobel Prize!" After that, he saw Bunin and, without changing his facial expression, cried out: "Ivan Alekseevich! Dear! Congratulations, congratulations from the bottom of my heart! Happy for you, for all of us! For Russia! Forgive me for not having time to personally come to witness..."

Bunin and his women

♦ Bunin was an ardent and passionate man. While working at a newspaper, he met Varvara Pashchenko (“I was struck down, to my great misfortune, by long love”, as Bunin later wrote), with whom he began a whirlwind romance. True, it didn’t come to a wedding - the girl’s parents did not want to marry her off to a poor writer. Therefore, the young people lived unmarried. The relationship, which Ivan Bunin considered happy, collapsed when Varvara left him and married Arseny Bibikov, a friend of the writer. The theme of loneliness and betrayal is firmly established in the poet’s work - 20 years later he will write:

I wanted to shout after:

“Come back, I have become close to you!”

But for a woman there is no past:

She fell out of love and became a stranger to her.

Well! I’ll light the fireplace and drink...

It would be nice to buy a dog.

After Varvara's betrayal, Bunin returned to Russia. Here he was expected to meet and become acquainted with many writers: Chekhov, Bryusov, Sologub, Balmont. In 1898, two things happen at once. important events: the writer marries a Greek woman Anne Tsakni (daughter of a famous revolutionary populist), and a collection of his poems “Under open air».

You, like the stars, are pure and beautiful...

I catch the joy of life in everything -

IN starry sky, in flowers, in scents...

But I love you more tenderly.

I'm happy only with you alone,

And no one will replace you:

You are the only one who knows and loves me,

And one understands why!

However, this marriage did not last long: after a year and a half, the couple divorced.

In 1906 Bunin met Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva - the writer’s faithful companion until the end of his life. Together the couple travels around the world. Vera Nikolaevna did not stop repeating until the end of her days that when she saw Ivan Alekseevich, who was then always called Yan at home, she fell in love with him at first sight. His wife brought comfort into his unsettled life and surrounded him with the most tender care. And from 1920, when Bunin and Vera Nikolaevna sailed from Constantinople, their long emigration began in Paris and in the south of France in the town of Graas near Cannes. Bunin experienced severe financial difficulties, or rather, they were experienced by his wife, who took household affairs into her own hands and sometimes complained that she did not even have ink for her husband. The meager royalties from publications in emigrant magazines were barely enough for more than modest life. By the way, after receiving the Nobel Prize, the first thing Bunin did was buy his wife new shoes, because he could no longer look at what his beloved woman was wearing and wearing.

However, Bunin’s love stories do not end there either. I will dwell in more detail on his 4th Great love – Galina Kuznetsova . The following is a complete quote from the article. It's 1926. The Bunins have been living in Graas at the Belvedere Villa for several years. Ivan Alekseevich is a distinguished swimmer, he goes to the sea every day and does large demonstration swims. His wife does not like “water procedures” and does not keep him company. On the beach, an acquaintance approaches Bunin and introduces him to a young girl, Galina Kuznetsova, a budding poetess. As happened more than once with Bunin, he instantly felt an intense attraction to his new acquaintance. Although at that moment he could hardly imagine what place she would take in his future life. Both later recalled that he immediately asked if she was married. It turned out that yes, and she is vacationing here with her husband. Now Ivan Alekseevich spent whole days with Galina. Bunin and Kuznetsova

A few days later, Galina had a sharp explanation with her husband, which meant an actual breakup, and he left for Paris. It’s not difficult to guess what state Vera Nikolaevna was in. “She went crazy and complained to everyone she knew about Ivan Alekseevich’s betrayal,” writes poetess Odoevtseva. “But then I.A. managed to convince her that he and Galina had only a platonic relationship. She believed, and believed until her death...” Kuznetsova and Bunin with his wife

Vera Nikolaevna really wasn’t pretending: she believed because she wanted to believe. Idolizing her genius, she did not let thoughts come close to her that would force her to make difficult decisions, for example, to leave the writer. It ended with Galina being invited to live with the Bunins and become “a member of their family.” Galina Kuznetsova (standing), Ivan and Vera Bunin. 1933

The participants in this triangle decided not to record the intimate details of the three of them for history. One can only guess what and how happened at the Belvedere villa, as well as read in the minor comments of the house guests. According to some evidence, the atmosphere in the house, despite external decency, was sometimes very tense.

Galina accompanied Bunin to Stockholm to receive the Nobel Prize along with Vera Nikolaevna. On the way back, she caught a cold, and they decided that it was better for her to stay for a while in Dresden, in the house of Bunin’s old friend, the philosopher Fyodor Stepun, who often visited Grasse. When Kuznetsova returned to the writer’s villa a week later, something subtly changed. Ivan Alekseevich discovered that Galina began to spend much less time with him, and more and more often he found her writing long letters to Stepun’s sister Magda. In the end, Galina got Magda an invitation from the Bunin couple to visit Graas, and Magda came. Bunin made fun of his “girlfriends”: Galina and Magda almost never parted, they went down to the table together, walked together, retired together in their “little room”, allocated at their request by Vera Nikolaevna. All this lasted until Bunin suddenly saw the light, as did everyone around him, regarding the true relationship between Galina and Magda. And then he felt terribly disgusted, disgusted and sad. Not only did the woman he loved cheat on him, but to cheat with another woman - this unnatural situation simply infuriated Bunin. They loudly sorted things out with Kuznetsova, not embarrassed by either the completely confused Vera Nikolaevna or the arrogantly calm Magda. The reaction of the writer’s wife to what was happening in her house is remarkable in itself. At first, Vera Nikolaevna breathed a sigh of relief - well, finally this life of three that was tormenting her would end, and Galina Kuznetsova would leave the hospitable home of the Bunins. But seeing how her beloved husband was suffering, she rushed to persuade Galina to stay so that Bunin would not worry. However, neither Galina was going to change anything in her relationship with Magda, nor Bunin could no longer tolerate the phantasmagoric “adultery” happening before his eyes. Galina left the writer’s home and heart, leaving him with a spiritual wound, but not the first one.

However, no novels (and Galina Kuznetsova, of course, was not the writer’s only hobby) changed Bunin’s attitude towards his wife, without whom he could not imagine his life. This is how family friend G. Adamovich said about it: “... for her endless loyalty he was infinitely grateful to her and valued her beyond all measure... Ivan Alekseevich was not in everyday communication easy person and he himself, of course, was aware of this. But the more deeply he felt everything he owed to his wife. I think that if in his presence someone had hurt or offended Vera Nikolaevna, he, with his great passion, would have killed this person - not only as his enemy, but also as a slanderer, as a moral monster, unable to distinguish good from evil, light from darkness."

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870 - 1953) - famous writer and poet, the first Russian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He spent many years of his life in exile, becoming one of the main writers of the Russian diaspora. Read about the life and work of this outstanding writer in the article “I. A. Bunin - biography and facts.”

Brief biography of I. A. Bunin for children

Option 1

short biography Ivan Bunin

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is an outstanding Russian writer and poet, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The writer was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh into a noble noble family. Until the age of 11, he was raised at home, and then was sent to study at the Yeletsk district gymnasium. Upon his return, he studied under the guidance of his older brother, loved to read world and domestic classics, and also engaged in self-education. Bunin's first poems appeared in print when he was 17 years old.

At the age of 19, he moved to Oryol, where he worked as a proofreader for a local newspaper. In 1891, his collection “Poems” was published, and then “Under the Open Air” and “”, for which he was awarded the first Pushkin Prize in 1903. In 1895, Ivan Alekseevich met with, with whom he corresponded several times.

In 1899, the writer married Anna Tsakni. However, this marriage turned out to be fleeting. Since 1906, he began to cohabit with Vera Muromtseva, with whom he later registered a civil marriage.

Bunin's works at the beginning of the 20th century were characterized by nostalgic moods. During this period, stories and novellas “”, “”, “” appeared. In 1909 he was awarded the second Pushkin Prize.

He reacted negatively to the outbreak of the revolution in Russia and began to keep a diary, “Cursed Days,” which was partially lost. In the winter of 1920, he emigrated to France, where he was actively involved in social and political activities. He not only regularly published his journalistic articles, but also gave lectures and collaborated with nationalist and political organizations.

In 1833, having received the Nobel Prize, Bunin became one of the main representatives of the Russian Abroad. Best works The writers were written precisely during emigration. Among them are “b”, “The Case of Cornet Elagin” and the cycle of stories “”. He himself believed that his work belonged rather to the generation of Tolstoy and Turgenev. Despite the fact that for a long time his works were not published in the USSR, after 1955 he was the most published emigrant writer in the country.

Ivan Bunin died on November 8, 1953 at the age of 83. He was buried in Paris at the Sainte-Genevier-des-Bois cemetery.

Option 2

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870 - 1953) - Russian writer. Born on October 10 in Voronezh into a noble family. His childhood years were spent on the family estate on the Butyrki farm in the Oryol province. Constant communication on the farm with courtyard people, with former serfs, enriched the writer. Here he first heard sad stories about the past, folk poetic tales. Bunin owes his first acquaintance with the rich Russian language to peasants and courtyard people.

He worked as a proofreader, librarian, and contributed to a newspaper. He moved often - he lived in Orel, then in Kharkov, then in Poltava, then in Moscow. Met with, met Anton Chekhov. Published the story “To the End of the World”. Inspired by success, Bunin goes entirely to literary creativity. Among the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin are novels, stories, stories, poems, translations of works of classics of world poetry.

Having met the October Revolution with hostility, the writer left Russia forever in 1920. He emigrated to France and settled in Paris. Everything he wrote in exile concerned Russia, Russian people, Russian nature.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in Paris. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, near Paris.

Option 3

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich(1870-1953), prose writer, poet, translator. He was the first Russian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He spent many years of his life in exile, becoming one of the main writers of the Russian diaspora.

Born in Voronezh into the family of an impoverished nobleman. I was unable to finish high school due to lack of money. Having only 4 classes at the gymnasium, Bunin regretted all his life that he did not receive a systematic education. However, this did not stop him twice

receive the Pushkin Prize. The writer's older brother helped Ivan study languages ​​and sciences, going through the entire gymnasium course with him at home.

Bunin wrote his first poems at the age of 17, imitating Pushkin and whose work he admired. They were published in the collection “Poems”.
In 1889 he began working. In the newspaper “Orlovsky Vestnik”, with which Bunin collaborated, he met the proofreader Varvara Pashchenko, and in 1891 he married her. They moved to Poltava and became statisticians in the provincial government. In 1891, the first collection of Bunin's poems was published. The family soon broke up. Bunin moved to Moscow. There he made literary acquaintances with Tolstoy, Chekhov,.
Bunin's second marriage, with Anna Tsakni, was also unsuccessful; in 1905, their son Kolya died. In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva, married, and lived with her until his death.
Bunin's work gained fame soon after the publication of his first poems. Bunin's following poems were published in the collections “Under the Open Air” (1898), “Leaf Fall” (1901).
Dating with greatest writers leaves a significant imprint on Bunin's life and work. Bunin's stories are published " Antonov apples", "Pines". Bunin's prose was published in the Complete Works (1915).

The writer in 1909 became an honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. Bunin reacted rather harshly to the ideas of the revolution, and left Russia forever.

Bunin moved and traveled almost all his life: Europe, Asia, Africa. But he never stopped practicing literary activity: “Mitya’s Love” (1924), “Sunstroke” (1925), as well as the main novel in the writer’s life, “” (1927-1929, 1933), which brought Bunin the Nobel Prize in 1933. In 1944, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story “k”.

Before his death, the writer was often ill, but at the same time he did not stop working and creating. In the last few months of his life, Bunin was busy working on a literary portrait of A.P. Chekhov, but the work remained unfinished

Bunin always dreamed of returning to Russia. Unfortunately, the writer never managed to accomplish this before his death. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died on November 8, 1953. He was buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois cemetery in Paris.

Biography of I. A. Bunin by year

Option 1

Chronological table Bunina

The chronological table of Bunin, presented on this page, will be an excellent assistant in studying both at school and at university. It collected all the most important and basic dates of Bunin’s life and work. Bunin's biography in the table was compiled by experienced philologists and linguists. Data presented in the table? written down briefly, which is why information is absorbed twice as quickly.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin left behind a great legacy, which is still being studied to this day. Find out about it creative path and the tragedies experienced can be found in the table, which combines all the stages of the life of the great writer.

1881 – Ivan Bunin’s parents send their son to the Yeletsk gymnasium.

1886, March– Ivan Bunin was expelled from the gymnasium. The reason was the lack of tuition fees, and Bunin did not return from vacation to study.

1887 – Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is published for the first time - his poems “The Village Beggar” and “Over the Grave of S. Ya. Nadson” are published in the patriotic newspaper “Rodina”;

1889 – The young writer moves to Oryol, where he goes to work at Oryol Vestnik.

1891 – “Poems 1887 – 1891” are published in Orel.

1893–1894 – Ivan Bunin falls under the influence of L.N. Tolstoy, so much so that the writer is going to become a cooper. Only with L.N. Tolstoy at a meeting in 1894 was able to persuade Ivan Alekseevich to give up this idea.

1895 – The writer moves to St. Petersburg, and a little later to Moscow, where he begins to get acquainted with the capital’s literary circle: A.P. Chekhov, V.Ya.Bryusov.

1896 – Ivan Bunin translates the poem “The Song of Hiawatha” by the American writer G. W. Longfellow. Later, the writer will improve this translation and reprint it several times.

1897 – Book of stories “To the End of the World.”

1898 – The writer publishes a collection of his poems “Under the Open Air”;

Ivan Bunin is getting married. Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni becomes his wife, who will give him a son, Kolya, a little later.

1899 – Bunin’s marriage turns out to be fragile and falls apart.

1900 – The writer goes to Yalta, where he meets the founders of the Moscow Art Theater;

writes the story “Antonov Apples”.

1901 – A collection of poems “Falling Leaves” is being published.

1903 – Bunin is awarded the Pushkin Prize for his translation of “The Song of Hiawatha” and for the collection “Falling Leaves.”

1903–1904 – Travels through France, Italy and the Caucasus.

1905 – Ivan Bunin’s only son, Kolya, dies.

1909 – Ivan Bunin receives the second Pushkin Prize for the book “Poems 1903 – 1906”;

becomes an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

1911 - The story “Sukhodol”.

1917 – The writer lives in Moscow. The events of the February revolution are perceived as the collapse of the state.

1918–1919 - “Cursed days.”

1924 - “Rose of Jericho.”

1925 - “Mitya’s love.”

1927 - “Sunstroke.”

1929 – Bunin’s book “Selected Poems” is published.

1927–1933 – Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is working on the novel “The Life of Arsenyev.”

1931 - "God's tree."

1933 – Ivan Bunin is awarded the Nobel Prize.

1950 – In the capital of France, Ivan Alekseevich publishes the book “Memoirs”.

Option 2

1870 , October 10 (22) - born in Voronezh into the old impoverished noble family of the Bunins. He spent his childhood on the Butyrki farm in the Oryol province.

1881 - enters the Yeletsk gymnasium, but, without completing four classes, continues his education under the guidance of his older brother Julius, an exiled Narodnaya Volya member.

1887 - the first poems “The Village Beggar” and “Over the Grave of Nadson” are published in the patriotic newspaper “Rodina”.

1889 - moves to Oryol, begins working as a proofreader, statistician, librarian, and newspaper reporter.

1890 - Bunin, having independently studied English language, translates G. Longfellow’s poem “The Song of Hiawatha.”

1891 – the collection “Poems of 1887–1891” is published in Orel.

1892 – Bunin, together with his common-law wife V.V. Pashchenko, moves to Poltava, where he serves in the city land administration. Articles, essays, and stories by Bunin appear in the local newspaper.
In 1892–94 Bunin's poems and stories begin to be published in metropolitan magazines.

1893–1894 – Bunin is greatly influenced by Leo Tolstoy, who is perceived by him as a “demigod”, the highest embodiment of artistic power and moral worth; The apotheosis of this attitude would later become Bunin’s religious and philosophical treatise “The Liberation of Tolstoy” (Paris, 1937).

1895 – Bunin leaves the service and leaves for St. Petersburg, then to Moscow, meets N.K. Mikhailovsky, A.P. Chekhov, K.D. Balmont, V.Ya. Bryusov, V.G. Korolenko, A.I. Kuprin etc. Initially friendly relations with Balmont and Bryusov in the early 1900s. acquired a hostile character, and until the last years of his life Bunin assessed the work and personalities of these poets extremely harshly.

1897 – publication of Bunin’s book “To the End of the World” and other stories.”

1898 – collection of poems “Under the Open Air”.

1899 - acquaintance with M. Gorky, who attracts Bunin to cooperate in the publishing house “Znanie”. Friendly relations with Gorky will continue until 1917, and then will be interrupted due to Bunin’s rejection of the political orientation and activities of the revolutionary-minded Gorky.

1900 – the appearance of the story “Antonov Apples” in print. In the same year, Bunin travels to Berlin, Paris, and Switzerland.

1901 - the collection “Leaf Fall” is published, which received the Pushkin Prize.

1904 – a trip to France and Italy.

1906 – acquaintance with V.N. Muromtseva (1881–1961), future wife and author of the book “The Life of Bunin.”

1907 – travel to Egypt, Syria, Palestine. The result of his trips to the East is the series of essays “Temple of the Sun” (1907–1911)

1909 – The Academy of Sciences elects Bunin as an honorary academician. During a trip to Italy, Bunin visits Gorky, who then lived on the island. Capri.

1910 - Bunin’s first big work comes out, which became an event in literary and social life - the story “The Village”.

1912 – the collection “Sukhodol. Tales and Stories".
Subsequently, other collections were published (“John the Rydalec. Stories and poems 1912–1913,” 1913; “The Cup of Life. Stories 1913–1914,” 1915; “The gentleman from San Francisco. Works of 1915–1916.” , 1916).

1917 – Bunin is hostile to the October Revolution. Writes a diary-pamphlet “Cursed Days”.

1920 – Bunin emigrates to France. Here he is in 1927–33. working on the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”.

1925–1927 – Bunin writes a regular political and literary column in the newspaper Vozrozhdenie.
In the second half of the 20s, Bunin experienced his “last love”. She became the poetess Galina Nikolaevna Kuznetsova.

1933 , November 9 - Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize “for the true artistic talent with which he recreated artistic prose typical Russian character.”
By the end of the 30s. Bunin increasingly feels the drama of the break with his homeland and avoids direct political statements about the USSR. He sharply condemns fascism in Germany and Italy.

Period of World War 2– Bunin in Grasse, in the south of France. He greets victory with great joy.

Post-war period– Bunin returns to Paris. He is no longer an adamant opponent of the Soviet regime, but he also does not recognize the changes that have occurred in Russia. In Paris, Ivan Alekseevich visits the Soviet ambassador and gives an interview to the newspaper “Soviet Patriot”.
In recent years he has been living in great poverty, starving. During these years, Bunin created a cycle of short stories “Dark Alleys” (New York, 1943, in its entirety – Paris, 1946), published a book about Leo Tolstoy (“The Liberation of Tolstoy”, Paris, 1937), “Memoirs” (Paris, 1950) etc.

1953 , November 8 - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin dies in Paris, becoming the first writer of emigration, who in 1954 began to be published again in his homeland.

Option 3

870 October 10. Born in Voronezh into the family of Alexei Nikolaevich and Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Bunin.

1881-1886 Studying at the Yeletsk gymnasium.

1887 First publication - the poem “Over the grave of S.Ya. Nadson" in the magazine "Rodina".

1889 Moved to Oryol; met V.V. Pashchenko, who became his wife (the family soon broke up).

1891 First book “Poems. 1887-1891".

1894 Met with L.N. Tolstoy.

1895-1898 Moved to St. Petersburg. The collections “To the End of the World and Other Stories” and “Under the Open Air” were published. Married A.N. Tsakni, soon the family broke up.

1900 The story “Antonov Apples” was published. 1902-1909 The first collected works in five volumes. 1903 The Russian Academy of Sciences awarded the Pushkin Prize for the collection of poems “Falling Leaves” (1901) and the translation of “The Song of Hiawatha” (1896) by G. Longfellow.

1906-1907 Married V.N. Muromtseva. Trip to Egypt, Syria, Palestine.

1911-1916 The collections “Sukhodol”, “John the Weeper”, and Complete Works in six volumes were published.

1920 Emigrated to France. In exile, the books “Rose of Jericho” (1924), “Sunstroke” (1927), “Tree of God” (1931) were published; novel “The Life of Arsenyev” (1927-1933).

1933 Nobel Prize awarded.

1939-1945 The stories that made up the book “Dark Alleys” were written.

1953 -> November 8. I.A. Bunin died in Paris. He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Full biography of Bunin I.A.

Option 1

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born on October 22 (October 10, old style) 1870 in Voronezh into a noble family. The future writer spent his childhood on the Butyrki farm in Yelets district, Oryol province. in his works can be traced through a clear line.

In 1881, Ivan Bunin entered the Yelets Gymnasium, but studied for only five years, since the family had no funds. His older brother Julius (1857–1921) helped him master the gymnasium curriculum.

Bunin wrote his first poem at the age of eight.

His first publication was the poem “Over the Grave of Nadson”, published in the Rodina newspaper in February 1887. During the year, several poems by Bunin appeared in the same publication, as well as the stories “Two Wanderers” and “Nefedka”.

In September 1888, Bunin’s poems appeared in “Books of the Week,” where the works of writers Leo Tolstoy and Yakov Polonsky were published.

In the spring of 1889, the writer’s independent life began - Bunin, following his brother Julius, moved to Kharkov. In the fall, he began working for the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper.

In 1891, his student book “Poems. 1887–1891.” At the same time, Ivan Bunin met Varvara Pashchenko, a newspaper proofreader, with whom they began to live in a civil marriage, without getting married, since Varvara’s parents were against this marriage.

In 1892 they moved to Poltava, where brother Yuliy was in charge of the statistical bureau of the provincial zemstvo. Ivan Bunin entered the service as a librarian of the zemstvo government, and then as a statistician in the provincial government. IN different time worked as a proofreader, statistician, librarian, and newspaper reporter.

In April 1894, Bunin's first prose work appeared in print - the story “Village Sketch” (the title was chosen by the publishing house).

In January 1895, after his wife’s betrayal, Bunin left his service and moved first to St. Petersburg and then to Moscow. In 1898, he married Anna Tsakni, a Greek woman, the daughter of the revolutionary and emigrant Nikolai Tsakni. In 1900, the couple separated, and in 1905 their son Nikolai died.

In Moscow, the young writer met many famous poets and writers - Anton Chekhov, Valery Bryusov. After meeting Nikolai Teleshov, Bunin became a member of the Sreda literary circle. In the spring of 1899 in Yalta, he met Maxim Gorky, who later invited him to collaborate with the Znanie publishing house.
Literary fame came to Ivan Bunin in 1900 after the publication of the story “Antonov Apples”.

In 1901, the Symbolist publishing house “Scorpion” published a collection of poems, “Falling Leaves.” For this collection and for the translation of the poem by the American romantic poet Henry Longfellow “The Song of Hiawatha” (1896), the Russian Academy of Sciences awarded Ivan Bunin the Pushkin Prize.

In 1902, the publishing house “Znanie” published the first volume of the writer’s works.

In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva, who came from a noble, professorial Moscow family, and became his wife. The Bunin couple traveled a lot. In 1907, the young couple went on a trip to the countries of the East - Syria, Egypt, Palestine. In 1910 they visited Europe and then to Egypt and Ceylon. From the autumn of 1912 to the spring of 1913 they were in Turkey and Romania, from 1913 to 1914 - in Capri in Italy.

In the fall of 1909, the Academy of Sciences awarded Bunin the second Pushkin Prize and elected him an honorary academician in the category of fine literature.

In the works written after the first Russian revolution of 1905, the theme of the drama of Russian historical fate became dominant. The stories “Village” (1910) and “Sukhodol” (1912) were a great success among readers.

In 1915–1916, collections of the writer’s stories “The Cup of Life” and “The Gentleman from San Francisco” were published. In the prose of these years, the writer’s understanding of the tragedy of the life of the world, of doom and fratricidal character expands. modern civilization.

To February and October revolutions 1917, Ivan Bunin was extremely hostile and perceived them as a disaster. The book of journalism “Cursed Days” (1918) became a diary of events in the life of the country and the thoughts of the writer at this time.

On May 21, 1918, he left Moscow for Odessa, and in February 1920 he emigrated first to the Balkans and then to France. In France, at first he lived in Paris, but in the summer of 1923 he moved to the Alpes-Maritimes and came to Paris only for some winter months.

Here he turned to intimate, lyrical memories of his youth. The novel “The Life of Arsenyev” (1930) seemed to close the cycle of artistic autobiographies related to the life of a Russian landed nobility. One of the central places in Bunin’s late work was occupied by the theme of fatal love-passion, expressed in the works “Mitya’s Love” (1925), “Sunstroke” (1927), and the cycle of short stories “ Dark alleys” (1943).

In 1927–1930, Bunin turned to the genre short story(“Elephant”, “Calf’s Head”, “Roosters”, etc.).

In 1933, he became the first Russian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated in fiction the typical Russian character.”

In 1939, with the outbreak of World War II (1939–1945), the Bunins settled in the south of France, in Grasse, at the Villa Jeannette, and in 1945 they returned to Paris.

In the last years of his life, the writer stopped publishing his works. Being seriously ill a lot, he wrote “Memoirs” (1950) and worked on the book “About Chekhov,” which was published posthumously in 1955 in New York.

In his “Literary Testament,” he asked to publish his works only in the latest author’s edition, which formed the basis of his 12-volume collected works, published by the Berlin publishing house “Petropolis” in 1934–1939.

On November 8, 1953, Ivan Bunin died in Paris. He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Option 2

Bunin was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh. He belonged to an ancient but impoverished family that gave Russia Vasily Zhukovsky, the illegitimate son of the landowner Afanasy Bunin. Ivan Bunin's father, Alexey Nikolaevich, fought in the Crimea in his youth, then lived on his estate the usual, repeatedly described landowner life - hunting, warmly welcoming guests, drinking and cards. His carelessness ultimately brought his family to the brink of ruin.

All household concerns lay on the shoulders of the mother, Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Chubarova, a quiet, pious woman, five of whose nine children died in infancy. The death of his beloved sister Sasha seemed like a terrible injustice to little Vanya, and he forever stopped believing in the good God that both his mother and the church talked about.

Three years after Vanya’s birth, the family moved to his grandfather’s estate Butyrki in the Oryol province. “Here, in the deepest silence of the field,” the writer later recalled about the beginning of his biography, “my childhood passed, full of sad and peculiar poetry.” His childhood impressions were reflected in the autobiographical novel “The Life of Arsenyev,” which Bunin himself considered his main book.

He noted that early on he acquired amazing sensitivity: “My vision was such that I saw all seven stars in the Pleiades, I could hear the whistle of a marmot in an evening field a mile away, I got drunk smelling the smell of lily of the valley or an old book.” The parents paid little attention to their son, and his teacher became his brother Yuli, who graduated from the university, managed to participate in the revolutionary circles of the Black Peredelites, for which he served a year in prison and was expelled from Moscow for three years.

In 1881, Bunin entered the Yeletsk gymnasium. He was an average student, and was expelled from the sixth grade for non-payment - family affairs became very bad. The estate in Butyrki was sold, and the family moved to neighboring Ozerki, where Ivan had to finish his high school course as an external student, under the guidance of his older brother. “Less than a year had passed,” said Julius, “he had grown so mentally that I could already have conversations with him almost as an equal on many topics.” In addition to studying languages, philosophy, psychology, social and natural sciences, thanks to his brother, a writer and journalist, Ivan became especially interested in literature.

At the age of 16, Ivan Bunin began “to write poetry especially zealously” and “wrote an unusual amount of paperwork” before he decided to send a poem to the capital’s magazine “Rodina.” To his surprise, it was printed. He forever remembered the delight with which he came from the post office with the latest issue of the magazine, re-reading his poems every minute. They were dedicated to the memory of the fashionable poet Nadson, who died of consumption.

Weak, openly imitative verses did not stand out among hundreds of their kind. Many years passed before Bunin's true talent was revealed in poetry. Until the end of his life, he considered himself primarily a poet and was very angry when his friends said that his works were exquisite, but old-fashioned - “nobody writes like that now.” He really avoided any newfangled trends, remaining faithful to the traditions of the 19th century

An early, barely visible dawn, the heart of sixteen years.
The garden has a drowsy haze with a linden light of warmth.
Quiet and mysterious is the house with the last cherished window.
There is a curtain in the window, and behind it is the Sun of my universe.

This is a memory of the very first youthful love for Emilia Fechner (the prototype of Ankhen in “The Life of Arsenyev”), the young governess of the daughters of O.K. who lived next door. Tubbe, distiller of the landowner Bakhtiyarov. The writer’s brother Evgeniy married Tubba’s stepdaughter, Nastya, in 1885. Young Bunin was so carried away by Emilia that Tubbe considered it best to send her back home.

Soon from Ozerki, having received the consent of his parents, he went to adult life and a young poet. At parting, the mother blessed her son, whom she considered “special from all her children,” with a family icon depicting the meal of the Three Pilgrims with Abraham. It was, as Bunin wrote in one of his diaries, “a shrine that connects me with a tender and reverent connection with my family, with the world where my cradle, my childhood is.” The 18-year-old boy left his home as an almost fully formed person, “with a certain amount of life baggage - knowledge of the real people, not fictitious, with knowledge of small-scale life, the village intelligentsia, with a very subtle sense of nature, almost an expert in the Russian language, literature, with a heart open to love."

He met love in Orel. 19-year-old Bunin settled there after long wanderings around Crimea and southern Russia. Having got a job at the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper, he became friends with the young daughter of a doctor, Varya Pashchenko - she worked as a proofreader for the same newspaper. With the money of their brother Yuli, they rented an apartment in Poltava, where they lived in a civil marriage; Varya’s father was against the wedding. Three years later, Doctor Pashchenko, seeing Bunin’s immense passion, still gave his permission for the marriage, but Varya hid her father’s letter. She preferred his wealthy friend Arseny Bibikov to the poor writer. “Oh, to hell with them,” Bunin wrote to his brother, “here, obviously, 200 acres of land played a role.”

Since 1895, Bunin left the service and, having moved to Moscow, devoted himself entirely to literature, earning money through poetry and short stories. His idol of those years was Leo Tolstoy, and he even went to the count to ask for advice on how to live. Gradually he became a member of the editorial staff of literary magazines, met famous writers, even became friends with Chekhov and learned a lot from him. Both the populist realists and the symbolist innovators appreciated him, but neither one nor the other considered him “theirs.”

He himself was more inclined towards realists and constantly attended “Wednesdays” with the writer Teleshov, where Gorky, the Wanderer, and Leonid Andreev attended. In the summer - Yalta with Chekhov and Stanyukovich and Lustdorf near Odessa with writers Fedorov and Kuprin. “This beginning of my new life was the darkest spiritual time, internally the deadest time of my entire youth, although outwardly I lived then in a very varied, sociable way, in public, so as not to be left alone with myself.”

In Lustdorf, Bunin, unexpectedly for everyone, even for himself, married 19-year-old Anna Tsakni. She was the daughter of an Odessa Greek publisher, owner of the newspaper Southern Review, with which Bunin collaborated. They got married after a few days of dating. “At the end of June I went to Lustdorf to visit Fedorov. Kuprin, the Kartashevs, then the Tsaknis, who lived in a dacha at the 7th station. “I suddenly proposed in the evening,” Bunin wrote in his diary in 1898.

He was fascinated by her large black eyes and mysterious silence. After the wedding, it turned out that Anya is very talkative. Together with her mother, she mercilessly scolded her husband for lack of money and frequent absences. Less than a year later, he and Anna broke up, and two years later this “vaudeville” marriage broke up. Their son Nikolai died of scarlet fever at the age of five. Unlike Varvara Pashchenko, Anna Tsakni did not leave any traces in Bunin’s work. Varvara can be recognized in Lika from “The Life of Arsenyev” and in many of the heroines of “Dark Alleys”.

The first success in his creative biography came to Bunin in 1903. For his collection of poems “Falling Leaves,” he received the Pushkin Prize, the highest award of the Academy of Sciences.

Critics also recognized his prose. The story “Antonov Apples” secured for the writer the title of “singer of noble nests,” although he portrayed the life of the Russian village in no way blissfully and was not inferior in terms of “bitter truth” to Gorky himself. In 1906, at a literary evening with the writer Zaitsev, where Bunin read his poems, he met Vera Muromtseva, the niece of the chairman of the first State Duma. “The quiet young lady with Leonard’s eyes” immediately attracted Bunin. This is how Vera Nikolaevna talked about their meeting:

“I stopped thinking: should I go home? Bunin appeared at the door. “How did you get here?” - he asked. I was angry, but calmly replied: “The same as you.” - “But who are you?” -"Human". - "What do you do?" - “Chemistry. I study at the natural sciences department of the Higher Women’s Courses.” - “But where else can I see you?” - “Only at our house. We accept on Saturdays. On other days I am very busy." Having listened to enough talk about the dissolute life of artistic people,

Vera Nikolaevna was openly afraid of the writer. Nevertheless, she could not resist his persistent advances and in the same 1906 she became “Mrs. Bunina,” although they were able to officially register their marriage only in July 1922 in France.

They went on their honeymoon to the East for a long time - to Egypt, Palestine, Syria. In our wanderings we reached Ceylon itself. Travel routes were not planned in advance. Bunin was so happy with Vera Nikolaevna that he admitted that he would quit writing: “But my business is lost - I probably won’t write anymore... A poet shouldn’t be happy, he should live alone, and the better it is for him, the worse it is for writing. The better you are, the worse…” he told his wife. “In this case, I’ll try to be as bad as possible,” she joked.

Nevertheless, the next decade became the most fruitful in the writer’s work. He was awarded another prize from the Academy of Sciences and was elected its honorary academician. “Just at the hour when the telegram arrived with congratulations to Ivan Alekseevich on his election to academician in the category of fine literature,” said Vera Bunina, “the Bibikovs were having dinner with us. Bunin had no bad feeling towards Arseny, they even, one might say, were friends. Bibikova stood up from the table, was pale, but calm. A minute later, separately and dryly, she said: “Congratulations.”

After the “sharp slap in the face abroad,” as he called his travels, Bunin ceased to be afraid of “exaggerating his colors.” The First World War did not arouse patriotic enthusiasm in him. He saw the country's weakness and was afraid of its destruction. In 1916 he wrote many poems, including these:

The rye is burning, the grain is flowing.
But who will reap and knit?
The smoke is burning, the alarm is ringing.
But who will decide to fill it?
Now the demon-possessed army will arise, and like Mamai, it will go through all of Rus'...
But the world is empty - who will save? But there is no God - who should be punished?

Soon this prophecy was fulfilled. After the start of the revolution, Bunin and his family left the Oryol estate for Moscow, from where he watched with bitterness the death of everything that was dear to him. These observations were reflected in a diary published later under the title “Cursed Days.” Bunin considered the culprits of the revolution not only to be the “possessed” Bolsheviks, but also to the beautiful-hearted intelligentsia. “It was not the people who started the revolution, but you. The people didn’t care at all about everything we wanted, what we were unhappy with...

Even helping the hungry took place in our country in a literary way, only out of a desire to kick the government once again, to create an extra tunnel under it. It’s scary to say, but it’s true: if it weren’t for the people’s disasters, thousands of intellectuals would be downright miserable people: how then can they sit down, protest, what can they shout and write about?”

In May 1918, Bunin and his wife barely escaped from hungry Moscow to Odessa, where they experienced a change in many authorities. In January 1920 they fled to Constantinople. In Russia, nothing held Bunin anymore - his parents died, his brother Yuli was dying, former friends became enemies or left the country even earlier. Leaving his homeland on the ship Sparta, overloaded with refugees, Bunin felt like the last inhabitant of the sunken Atlantis.

In the fall of 1920, Bunin arrived in Paris and immediately got to work. Ahead were 33 years of emigration, during which he created ten books of prose. Bunin’s old friend Zaitsev wrote: “Exile even did him good. It sharpened the sense of Russia, of irrevocability, and thickened the previously strong juice of his poetry.”

Europeans also learned about the emergence of a new talent.

In 1921, a collection of Bunin’s stories, “The Gentleman from San Francisco,” was published in French. The Paris press was filled with responses: “a real Russian talent”, “bleeding, uneven, but courageous and truthful”, “one of the greatest Russian writers”. Thomas Mann and Romain Rolland, who in 1922 first nominated Bunin as a candidate for the Nobel Prize, were delighted with the stories. However, the tone in the culture of that time was set by the avant-garde, with which the writer did not want to have anything in common.

He never became a world celebrity, but the emigration read him avidly. And how could one not burst into a nostalgic tear from these lines: “And a minute later, glasses and wine glasses, bottles with multi-colored vodkas, pink salmon, a dark-skinned balyk, a bleu with shells open on ice shards, an orange square Chester, a black shiny a lump of pressed caviar, a tub of champagne, white and sweaty from the cold... We started with pepper... "

The old feasts seemed even more abundant in comparison with the emigrants' scarcity. Bunin published a lot, but his existence was far from idyllic. Age was showing itself, the Parisian winter dampness caused attacks of rheumatism. He and his wife decided to go south for the winter and in 1922 they rented a villa in the town of Grasse with the pompous name “Belvedere”. There their guests were leading emigration writers - Merezhkovsky, Gippius, Zaitsev, Khodasevich and Nina Berberova.

Mark Aldanov and Bunin’s secretary, writer Andrei Tsvibak (Sedykh) lived here for a long time. Bunin willingly helped his fellow countrymen in need from his limited means. In 1926, the young writer Galina Kuznetsova came to visit him from Paris. Soon a romance began between them. Subtle, delicate, understanding everything, Vera Nikolaevna wanted to think that love experiences were necessary for her “Yan” for a new creative upsurge.

Soon the triangle in the Belvedere turned into a quadrangle - this happened when the writer Leonid Zurov, who settled in the Bunin house, began to court Vera Nikolaevna. The complex vicissitudes of their relationship became the topic of emigrant gossip and ended up on the pages of memoirs. Endless quarrels and reconciliations spoiled a lot of blood for all four, and even drove Zurov to madness. However, this “autumn romance,” which lasted for 15 years, inspired everything later creativity Bunin, including the novel “The Life of Arsenyev” and the collection of love stories “Dark Alleys”.

This would not have happened if Galina Kuznetsova had turned out to be an empty-headed beauty - she became a real assistant for the writer. In her “Grasse Diary” you can read: “I am happy that each chapter of his novel was previously, as it were, experienced by both of us in long conversations.” The romance ended unexpectedly - in 1942 Galina became carried away opera singer Margoy Stepun. Bunin could not find a place for himself, exclaiming: “How she poisoned my life - she is still poisoning me!”

At the height of the novel, news came that Bunin had been awarded the Nobel Prize. The entire Russian emigration perceived it as their triumph. In Stockholm, Bunin was greeted by the king and queen, the descendants of Alfred Nobel, and dressed up society ladies. And he only looked at the deep White snow, whom he had not seen since leaving Russia, and dreamed of running through it like a boy... At the ceremony, he said that for the first time in history the prize was awarded to an exile who did not have his country behind him. The country, through the mouth of its diplomats, persistently protested against awarding the prize to the “White Guard”.

The prize that year was 150 thousand francs, but Bunin very quickly distributed it to the petitioners. During the war, he hid in Grasse, where the Germans did not reach, several Jewish writers who were in danger of death. About that time he wrote: “We live badly, very badly. Well, we eat frozen potatoes. Or some water with something nasty floating in it, some kind of carrot. This is called soup... We live in a commune. Six persons. And no one has a penny to their name.” Despite the hardships, Bunin rejected all offers from the Germans to join them in their service. Hatred of Soviet power was temporarily forgotten - like other emigrants, he closely followed events at the front, moving flags on the map of Europe that hung in his office.

In the fall of 1944, France was liberated, and Bunin and his wife returned to Paris. In a wave of euphoria, he visited the Soviet embassy and said there that he was proud of his country's victory. The news spread that he drank to Stalin's health. Many Russian Parisians recoiled from him. But visits to him began Soviet writers, through which proposals to return to the USSR were transmitted. They promised to provide him with royal conditions, better than those that Alexei Tolstoy had. The writer answered one of the tempters: “I have nowhere to return. There are no more places or people that I knew.”

The flirting of the Soviet government with the writer ended after the publication of his book “Dark Alleys” in New York. They were seen as almost pornography. He complained to Irina Odoevtseva: “I consider “Dark Alleys” the best thing I wrote, and they, idiots, think that I disgraced my gray hairs with them... The Pharisees do not understand that this is a new word, a new approach to life.” Life has set the record straight - the detractors have long been forgotten, and “Dark Alleys” remains one of the most lyrical books in Russian literature, a true encyclopedia of love.

In November 1952, Bunin wrote his last poem, and in May of the following year he made his last entry in his diary: “This is still amazing to the point of tetanus! In some, very short time, I will be gone - and the affairs and fates of everything, everything will be unknown to me!” At two o'clock in the morning from November 7 to 8, 1953, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in a rented apartment in Paris in the presence of his wife and his last secretary, Alexei Bakhrakh.

He worked until last days- The manuscript of a book about Chekhov remained on the table. All major newspapers published obituaries, and even the Soviet Pravda published short message: “Emigrant writer Ivan Bunin died in Paris.” He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, and seven years later Vera Nikolaevna found her final refuge next to him. By that time, Bunin’s works, after 40 years of oblivion, began to be published again in his homeland. His dream came true - his compatriots were able to see and recognize the Russia he saved, which had long since sunk into history.

Option 3

The first Russian Nobel laureate Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is called a jeweler of words, a prose writer, a genius Russian literature and the brightest representative Silver Age. Literary critics agree that Bunin’s works are related to paintings, and in their worldview, Ivan Alekseevich’s stories and tales are similar to the paintings of Mikhail Vrubel.

Childhood and youth

Contemporaries of Ivan Bunin claim that the writer felt a “breed”, an innate aristocracy. There is nothing to be surprised: Ivan Alekseevich is a representative of the most ancient noble family, dating back to the 15th century. The Bunin family coat of arms is included in the armorial of the noble families Russian Empire. Among the writer’s ancestors is the founder of romanticism, writer of ballads and poems Vasily Zhukovsky.

Ivan Alekseevich was born in October 1870 in Voronezh, in the family of a poor nobleman and petty official Alexei Bunin, married to his cousin Lyudmila Chubarova, a meek but impressionable woman. She bore her husband nine children, four of whom survived.

The family moved to Voronezh 4 years before Ivan’s birth to educate their eldest sons Yuli and Evgeniy. We settled in a rented apartment on Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya Street. When Ivan was four years old, his parents returned to the Butyrki family estate in the Oryol province. Bunin spent his childhood on the farm.

The love of reading was instilled in the boy by his tutor, a student at Moscow University, Nikolai Romashkov. At home, Ivan Bunin studied languages, focusing on Latin. The first books the future writer read on his own were Homer’s “Odyssey” and a collection of English poems.

In the summer of 1881, his father brought Ivan to Yelets. The youngest son passed the exams and entered the 1st grade of the men's gymnasium. Bunin liked to study, but this did not concern the exact sciences. In a letter to his older brother, Vanya admitted that he considered the math exam “the worst.” After 5 years, Ivan Bunin was expelled from the gymnasium in the middle of the school year. A 16-year-old boy came to his father’s Ozerki estate for the Christmas holidays, but never returned to Yelets. For failure to appear at the gymnasium, the teachers' council expelled the guy. Further education Ivan's older brother Julius took care of him.

Literature

It started in Ozerki creative biography Ivan Bunin. On the estate, he continued work on the novel “Passion”, which he began in Yelets, but the work did not reach the reader. But the poem of the young writer, written under the impression of the death of his idol - the poet Semyon Nadson - was published in the magazine "Rodina".

On his father's estate, with the help of his brother, Ivan Bunin prepared for the final exams, passed them and received a matriculation certificate.

From the autumn of 1889 to the summer of 1892, Ivan Bunin worked in the Orlovsky Vestnik magazine, where his stories, poems and literary critical articles were published. In August 1892, Julius called his brother to Poltava, where he gave Ivan a job as a librarian in the provincial government.

In January 1894, the writer visited Moscow, where he met with his congenial Leo Tolstoy. Like Lev Nikolaevich, Bunin criticizes urban civilization. In the stories “Antonov Apples”, “Epitaph” and “New Road”, nostalgic notes for a bygone era are discerned, and regret for the degenerating nobility is felt.

In 1897, Ivan Bunin published the book “To the End of the World” in St. Petersburg. A year earlier, he translated Henry Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha. Poems by Alcaeus, Saadi, Francesco Petrarch, Adam Mickiewicz and George Byron appeared in Bunin's translation.

In 1898, Ivan Alekseevich’s poetry collection “Under the Open Air” was published in Moscow, which was warmly received literary critics and readers. Two years later, Bunin presented poetry lovers with a second book of poems, “Falling Leaves,” which strengthened the author’s authority as a “poet of the Russian landscape.” The St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences awarded Ivan Bunin the first Pushkin Prize in 1903, followed by the second.

But in the poetic community, Ivan Bunin earned a reputation as an “old-fashioned landscape painter.” At the end of the 1890s, “fashionable” poets Valery Bryusov, who brought the “breath of city streets” to Russian lyrics, and Alexander Blok with his restless heroes became favorites. Maximilian Voloshin, in a review of Bunin’s collection “Poems,” wrote that Ivan Alekseevich found himself on the sidelines “from the general movement,” but from the point of view of painting, his poetic “canvases” reached the “end points of perfection.” Critics cite the poems “I Remember a Long Time” as examples of perfection and adherence to the classics. winter evening" and "Evening".

Ivan Bunin the poet does not accept symbolism and looks critically at the revolutionary events of 1905–1907, calling himself “a witness of the great and the vile.” In 1910, Ivan Alekseevich published the story “The Village,” which laid the foundation for “a whole series of works that sharply depict the Russian soul.” The continuation of the series is the story “Sukhodol” and the stories “Strength”, “ A good life", "Prince among princes", "Lapti".

In 1915, Ivan Bunin was at the peak of his popularity. His famous stories “The Master from San Francisco”, “The Grammar of Love”, “Easy Breathing” and “Chang’s Dreams” were published. In 1917, the writer left revolutionary Petrograd, avoiding the “terrible proximity of the enemy.” Bunin lived in Moscow for six months, from there in May 1918 he left for Odessa, where he wrote the diary “Cursed Days” - a furious denunciation of the revolution and Bolshevik power.

It is dangerous for a writer who so vehemently criticizes the new government to remain in the country. In January 1920, Ivan Alekseevich left Russia. He leaves for Constantinople, and in March he ends up in Paris. A collection of short stories entitled “Mr. from San Francisco” was published here, which the public greeted enthusiastically.

Since the summer of 1923, Ivan Bunin lived at the Belvedere Villa in ancient Grasse, where Sergei Rachmaninov visited him. During these years, the stories “Initial Love”, “Numbers”, “Rose of Jericho” and “Mitya’s Love” were published.

In 1930, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story “The Shadow of a Bird” and completed the most significant work created in exile, the novel “The Life of Arsenyev.” The description of the hero’s experiences is filled with sadness about the departed Russia, “which perished before our eyes in such a magically short time.”

At the end of the 1930s, Ivan Bunin moved to the Villa Zhannette, where he lived during the Second World War. The writer worried about the fate of his homeland and joyfully greeted the news of the slightest victory of the Soviet troops. Bunin lived in poverty. He wrote about his difficult situation:

“I was rich - now, by the will of fate, I suddenly became poor... I was famous throughout the world - now no one in the world needs me... I really want to go home!”

The villa was dilapidated: the heating system did not function, and there were interruptions in electricity and water supply. Ivan Alekseevich spoke in letters to friends about the “constant famine in the caves.” In order to get at least a small amount of money, Bunin asked a friend who had left for America to publish the collection “Dark Alleys” on any terms. The book in Russian with a circulation of 600 copies was published in 1943, for which the writer received $300. The collection includes the story “ Clean Monday" Ivan Bunin’s last masterpiece, the poem “Night,” was published in 1952.

Researchers of the prose writer's work have noticed that his stories and stories are cinematic. For the first time, a Hollywood producer spoke about film adaptations of Ivan Bunin’s works, expressing a desire to make a film based on the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco.” But it ended with a conversation.

Ivan Bunin is rightfully famous not only in Russia, but throughout the world. He left an indelible mark on the history of literature, and his works have been translated into many languages. To this day, Bunin is considered one of the pillars of classical Russian prose, although, it must be admitted, his poems and other poetic works are in no way inferior to his own stories and tales.

Interesting facts about Ivan Bunin.

1. Ivan Bunin became Nobel laureate for his services to the development of Russian prose. The writer was presented with a check for the equivalent of 715 thousand francs. Of these, he distributed about 120 thousand francs to those in need who turned to him for help.
2. Ivan Bunin and his life inspired Alexei Uchitel to create the film “The Diary of His Wife.” The film was warmly received by critics and received several festival awards.
3. Ivan Bunin had 8 brothers and sisters, but five of them died in childhood.
4. While studying at a men's gymnasium, the future writer rented a corner from a cemetery sculptor.
5. Ivan Bunin had difficulty studying mathematics, and he did not like this subject.
6. From 1920 until his death in 1953, Ivan Bunin lived in France, as he categorically refused to put up with the advent of Soviet power. The great Russian writer rests in the cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.
7. During the war, Bunin received many offers of cooperation from publishing houses located in the occupied territories. The writer invariably refused, despite his dire financial situation.
8. Ivan Bunin had an emigrant passport, but after the war, due to his age, he never returned to his native country and died as a stateless man.
9. Just before his death, Bunin wanted to listen to Anton Chekhov's letters - his wife read them aloud to him.
10. A collection of stories by Ivan Bunin “Dark Alleys”, which is now included in school curriculum According to literature, many of his contemporaries criticized him for the abundance of erotic scenes.
11. In early childhood, Bunin was poisoned by henbane, but he was saved - the nanny gave the boy fresh milk, which neutralized the poison.
12. Bunin had fun determining a person’s appearance by the back of his head, arms and legs.
13. Ivan Bunin collected bottles and bottles of medicine.
14. Bunin had an inexplicable dislike for the letter “f”.
15. The writer was very superstitious - for example, he never joined those dining if he was the 13th guest.
16. Bunin could have made a career in the theater - thanks to his lively facial expressions, he was offered to play the role of Hamlet on the professional stage.
17. Bunin became the first émigré writer whose books began to be published in the USSR; Soviet readers saw his works already in the 1950s.
18. Bunin was awarded the title of Righteous Among the Nations for his help to Jews during the war.
19. For about 10 years, Ivan Bunin lived in the same house with his wife and mistress, a young poetess.
20. Bunin did not leave a single heir - his only son Nikolai, born to his first wife, died at the age of 5 from meningitis.
21. Ivan Bunin was a distant relative of the son of another great writer, Alexander Pushkin.

Ivan Bunin was born in 1870 into the family of a nobleman, former officer Alexei Bunin, who by that time had gone broke. The family was forced to move from their estate to the Oryol region, where the writer spent his childhood. In 1881 he entered the Yelets Gymnasium. But he fails to get an education; after 4 classes, Ivan returns home, because his ruined parents simply do not have enough money for his education. Older brother Julius, who managed to graduate from university, helped complete the entire gymnasium course at home. The biography of Bunin - a man, a creator and creator - is full of unexpected events and facts. At the age of 17, Ivan published his first poems. Soon Bunin moved to Kharkov to live with his older brother and went to work as a proofreader for the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper. In it he publishes his stories, articles and poems.

In 1891 the first collection of poetry was published. Here the young writer meets Varvara - his girl’s parents did not want their marriage, so the young couple secretly leaves for Poltava. Their relationship lasted until 1894 and led to the writing of the novel “The Life of Arsenyev.”

Bunin's biography is amazing, full of meetings and interesting acquaintances. 1895 becomes a turning point in the life of Ivan Alekseevich. A trip to Moscow and St. Petersburg, meeting Chekhov, Bryusov, Kuprin, Korolenko, first success in the literary society of the capital. In 1899, Bunin married Anna Tsakni, but this marriage did not last long. 1900 - story “Antonov Apples”, 1901 - collection of poems “Leaf Fall”, 1902 - collected works published by the publishing house “Znanie”. Author - Ivan Bunin. The biography is unique. 1903 - Pushkin Prize awarded! The writer travels a lot: Italy, France, Constantinople, the Caucasus. His best works are stories about love. About unusual, special love, without a happy ending. As a rule, this is a fleeting, random feeling, but of such depth and strength that it breaks the lives and destinies of the heroes. And this is where Bunin’s difficult biography comes into play. But his works are not tragic, they are filled with love, happiness from the fact that this great feeling happened in life.

In 1906, at a literary evening, Ivan Alekseevich met Vera Muromtseva,

a quiet young lady with huge eyes. Again, the girl’s parents were against their relationship. Vera was in her final year of study and was writing her diploma. But she chose love. In April 1907, Vera and Ivan went on a trip together, this time to the east. For everyone they became husband and wife. But they got married only in 1922, in France.

For his translations of Byron, Tennyson, and Musset in 1909, Bunin again received the Pushkin Prize and became an honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1910, the story “The Village” appeared, which caused a lot of controversy and made the author popular. Having been with Gorky in 1912-1914. in Italy, Bunin wrote his famous story"Mr. from San Francisco."

But Ivan Alekseevich Bunin did not welcome the year. The writer's biography is not easy. In 1920, his family He was accepted in the West as a major Russian writer and became the head of the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists. New works are being published: “Mitya’s Love”, “The Case of Cornet Elagin”, “Sunstroke”, “God’s Tree”.

1933 - Bunin’s biography surprises again. He becomes the first Russian. By that time the writer was very popular in Europe. Bunin was an opponent of the Nazi regime. During the war years, despite losses and hardships, he did not publish a single work. During the occupation of France, he wrote a series of nostalgic stories, but published them only in 1946. In the last years of his life, Ivan Alekseevich did not write poetry. But he begins to treat the Soviet Union with warmth and dreams of returning. But his plans were interrupted by death. Bunin died in 1953, as did Stalin. And only a year later his works began to be published in the Union.

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870-1953), prose writer, poet, translator.

Born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh into a well-born but impoverished noble family. Bunin spent his childhood partly in Voronezh, partly on an ancestral estate near Yelets (now in the Lipetsk region).

Absorbing traditions and songs from his parents and courtyard servants, he early discovered artistic abilities and rare impressionability. Having entered the Yelets gymnasium in 1881, Bunin was forced to leave it in 1886: there was not enough money to pay for training. The course at the gymnasium, and partly at the university, was completed at home under the guidance of his older brother, member of the People’s Will, Yuli.

Bunin published his first collection of poems in 1891, and five years later he published a translation of the poem by the American romantic poet G. Longfellow “The Song of Hiawatha,” which, together with the later collection of poems “Falling Leaves” (1901), brought him 1903 Pushkin Prize of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

In 1909, Bunin received the second Pushkin Prize and was elected an honorary academician. At the end of the 19th century. He increasingly comes forward with stories, at first similar to picturesque sketches. Gradually, Bunin became more and more noticeable both as a poet and as a prose writer.

Wide recognition came to him with the publication of the story “The Village” (1910), which shows rural life of the writer’s time. The destruction of patriarchal life and ancient foundations is depicted in the work with a harshness that was rare at that time. The end of the story, where the wedding is described as a funeral, takes on a symbolic meaning. Following “The Village”, based on family legends, the story “Sukhodol” (1911) was written. Here the degeneration of the Russian nobility is depicted with majestic gloom.

The writer himself lived with a premonition of an impending catastrophe. He felt the inevitability of a new historical turning point. This feeling is noticeable in the stories of the 10s. "John the Weeper" (1913), "The Grammar of Love", "The Master from San Francisco" (both 1915), "Easy Breathing" (1916), "Chang's Dreams" (1918).

Bunin met the revolutionary events with extreme hostility, documenting the “bloody madness” in his diary, later published in exile under the title “Cursed Days” (1918, published in 1925).

In January 1920, together with his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, the writer from Odessa sailed to Constantinople. From then on, Bunin lived in France, mainly in Paris and Grasse. In emigration they spoke of him as the first among modern Russian writers.

The story “Mitya's Love” (1925), the books of stories “Sunstroke” (1927) and “The Tree of God” (1931) were perceived by contemporaries as living classics. In the 30s short stories began to appear, where Bunin showed an exceptional ability to compress enormous material into one or two pages, or even several lines.

In 1930, a novel with an obvious autobiographical “lining” - “The Life of Arsenyev” - was published in Paris. In 1933, Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize. This is an event behind which, essentially, stood the fact of recognition of the literature of emigration.

During the Second World War, Bunin lived in Grasse, avidly followed military events, lived in poverty, hid Jews from the Gestapo in his house, and rejoiced at the victories of the Soviet troops. During this time, he wrote stories about love (included in the book “Dark Alleys”, 1943), which he himself considered the best of all that he had created.

The writer’s post-war “warmth” towards Soviet power was short-lived, but it managed to quarrel with many long-time friends. Bunin spent his last years in poverty, working on a book about his literary teacher A.P. Chekhov.

In October 1953, Ivan Alekseevich’s health condition deteriorated sharply, and on November 8 the writer died. The cause of death, according to Dr. V. Zernov, who observed the patient in recent weeks, was cardiac asthma and pulmonary sclerosis. Bunin was buried in the cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. The monument on the grave was made according to a drawing by the artist Alexandre Benois.

Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	Voronezh, Russian Empire
Date of death:
A place of death:	Paris, France
Occupation:	Poet, prose writer
	Pushkin Prize, 1st class, for his translation of Longfellow's "The Song of Hiawatha"; Nobel Prize in Literature (1933) "for the rigorous skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose."

Perpetuation of the name

Works

Film adaptations

Perpetuation of the name

(October 10 (22), 1870, Voronezh - November 8, 1953, Paris) - Russian writer, poet, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1909), winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933.

Biography

Ivan Bunin was born on October 10 (22), 1870 into an old impoverished noble family in Voronezh, where he lived the first three years of his life. Subsequently, the family moved to the Ozerki estate near Yelets (Oryol province, now Lipetsk region). Father - Alexey Nikolaevich Bunin, mother - Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Bunina (nee Chubarova). Until the age of 11, he was raised at home, in 1881 he entered the Yeletsk district gymnasium, in 1885 he returned home and continued his education under the guidance of his older brother Julius. He engaged in self-education a lot, being fond of reading world and domestic literary classics. At the age of 17 he began to write poetry, and in 1887 he made his debut in print. In 1889 he moved to Oryol and went to work as a proofreader for the local newspaper Oryol Vestnik. By this time, he had a long relationship with an employee of this newspaper, Varvara Pashchenko, with whom, against the wishes of his relatives, he moved to Poltava (1892).

Collections “Poems” (Eagle, 1891), “Under the Open Air” (1898), “Falling Leaves” (1901; Pushkin Prize).

1895 - met Chekhov personally, before that they corresponded.

In the 1890s he traveled on the steamship "Chaika" (" bark with wood") along the Dnieper and visited the grave of Taras Shevchenko, whom he loved and later translated a lot. A few years later, he wrote the essay “At the Seagull,” which was published in the children’s illustrated magazine “Vskhody” (1898, No. 21, November 1).

In 1899 he married Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni, the daughter of the populist revolutionary N.P. Tsakni. The marriage did not last long, the only child died at the age of 5 (1905). In 1906, Bunin entered into a civil marriage (officially registered in 1922) with Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, the niece of S. A. Muromtsev, Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Empire of the 1st convocation.

In his lyrics, Bunin continued the classical traditions (collection “Falling Leaves,” 1901).

In stories and stories he showed (sometimes with a nostalgic mood)

Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize three times. On November 1, 1909, he was elected an honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature.

In the summer of 1918, Bunin moved from Bolshevik Moscow to Odessa, occupied by German troops. As the Red Army approached the city in April 1919, he did not emigrate, but remained in Odessa. He welcomes the capture of the city by the Volunteer Army in August 1919, personally thanks General A.I. Denikin, who arrived in the city on October 7, actively collaborates with OSVAG (propaganda and information body) under V.S.Yu.R. In February 1920, when the Bolsheviks approached, he left Russia. Emigrates to France. During these years, he kept a diary, “Cursed Days,” which was partially lost, striking his contemporaries with the precision of his language and passionate hatred of the Bolsheviks. In exile, he was active in social and political activities: gave lectures, collaborated with Russians political parties and organizations (conservative and nationalist), regularly published journalistic articles. He delivered a famous manifesto on the tasks of the Russian Abroad regarding Russia and Bolshevism: “The Mission of the Russian Emigration.” Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933.

He spent the Second World War (from October 1939 to 1945) in the rented villa “Jeannette” in Grasse (Alpes-Maritimes department).

Bunin refused any forms of cooperation with the Nazi occupiers and tried to constantly monitor events in Russia. In 1945 the Bunins returned to Paris. Bunin repeatedly expressed his desire to return to Russia; in 1946 he called the decree a “magnanimous measure” Soviet government“On the restoration of USSR citizenship to subjects of the former Russian Empire...”, but Zhdanov’s decree on the magazines “Zvezda” and “Leningrad” (1946), which trampled A. Akhmatova and M. Zoshchenko, led to Bunin forever abandoning his intention to return to Homeland.

He was extensively and fruitfully engaged in literary activities, becoming one of the main figures of the Russian Abroad.

While in exile, Bunin wrote his best works, such as: “Mitya’s Love” (1924), “Sunstroke” (1925), “The Case of Cornet Elagin” (1925), and, finally, “The Life of Arsenyev” (1927-1929, 1933) and the cycle of stories “Dark Alleys "(1938-40). These works became a new word both in Bunin’s work and in Russian literature in general. According to K. G. Paustovsky, “The Life of Arsenyev” is not only the pinnacle work of Russian literature, but also “one of the most remarkable phenomena of world literature.” In the last years of his life he wrote extremely subjective “Memoirs”.

According to the Chekhov Publishing House, in the last months of his life Bunin worked on a literary portrait of A.P. Chekhov, the work remained unfinished (in the book: “Looping Ears and Other Stories”, New York, 1953).

He died in his sleep at two o'clock in the morning from November 7 to 8, 1953 in Paris. According to eyewitnesses, on the writer’s bed lay a volume of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Resurrection.” He was buried in the cemetery in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, France.

In 1929-1954. Bunin's works were not published in the USSR. Since 1955, he has been the most published writer of the first wave of Russian emigration in the USSR (several collected works, many one-volume books).

Some works (“Cursed Days”, etc.) were published in the USSR only with the beginning of perestroika.

Perpetuation of the name

• In Moscow there is a street called Buninskaya Alley, next to the metro station of the same name.
• In the city of Moscow on Povarskaya Street, not far from the house in which the writer lived, a monument was erected to him.
• On October 17, 1992, a monument to I. A. Bunin was unveiled in Orel. Sculptor O. A. Uvarov. Around the same time, the Krupskaya Central Library was renamed the Bunin Library (abbreviated as “Buninka” by local residents).
• One of the streets in the center of Odessa is named after the great writer and poet I.A. Bunina

Works

• On "Chaika"
• 1900 - “Antonov apples”
• 1910 — “Village”
• 1911 — “Sukhodol”
• 1915 - “Mr. from San Francisco”
• 1916 - “Easy Breathing”
• 1918 - “Cursed Days” (published 1925)
• 1924 — “Mitya’s Love”
• 1925 — “Sunstroke”
• 1925 — “The Case of Cornet Elagin”
• 1930 - “The Life of Arsenyev”
• "Mothers"
• 1896 - “The Song of Hiawatha” (translation from English into Russian)
• "Lapti"
• 1938 — “Dark Alleys”
• 1937 - “Caucasus”

Film adaptations

• “Summer of Love” - melodrama based on the story “Natalie”, director Felix Falk, Poland-Belarus, 1994
• “The Grammar of Love” is a film-play based on the stories “Tanya”, “In Paris”, “The Grammar of Love”, “ Cold autumn"from the series "Dark Alleys", directed by Lev Tsutsulkovsky, Lentelefilm, 1988

Perpetuation of the name

• In Moscow there is Buninskaya Alley, next to the metro station of the same name.
• In Lipetsk there is Bunin Street. In addition, streets with the same name are located in Yelets and Odessa.
• A monument to Bunin was erected in Voronezh; Library No. 22 is named after him; There is a memorial plaque installed on the house in which the writer was born.
• In the village of Ozerki, Stanovlyansky district, Lipetsk region, where Bunin spent his childhood and teenage years on his parents’ estate, a manor house was recreated on the original foundation in the 90s; On the site of the unpreserved Butyrki farm, 4 km from Ozyorki, where Bunin lived with his grandmother in his childhood, a cross and a memorial stele were erected.
• In 1957, in Orel, in the Museum of Oryol Writers of the Oryol United Literary Museum of I. S. Turgenev, a hall dedicated to the life and work of Bunin was opened. In the following decades, a unique, largest Bunin collection in Russia was collected in Orel, numbering more than six thousand items of original materials: iconography, manuscripts, letters, documents, books, and personal belongings of the writer. The predominant part of this collection consists of materials from Bunin’s pre-revolutionary archive, transferred to Orlovsky literary museum widow of the writer's nephew K. P. Pusheshnikova. Bunin's authentic personal belongings - photographs, autographs, books - associated with the emigrant period of his work were received by the museum from V. N. Muromtseva-Bunina, L. F. Zurov, A. Ya. Polonsky, T. D. Muravyova, M Green. The furniture from Bunin's Parisian office was kept for a long time in the family of the writer N.V. Kodryanskaya, who sent it to Orel from Paris in 1973 through the Soviet embassy in France. On December 10, 1991, in Orel, on Georgievsky Lane, in a noble mansion of the 19th century, the I. A. Bunin Museum was opened.
• In Efremov, in a house in which in 1909-1910. Bunin lived, his museum is open.
• In Moscow, on Povarskaya Street, not far from the house in which the writer lived, a monument to Bunin was erected on October 22, 2007. The author is sculptor A. N. Burganov. The writer is represented standing in full height, lost in thought, with a cloak thrown over his arm. His stately figure, calm gesture of folded hands, proudly raised head and penetrating gaze emphasize aristocracy and grandeur.
• On October 17, 1992, a monument to I. A. Bunin was unveiled in Orel. The author is the famous sculptor V. M. Klykov. Around the same time, the Krupskaya Central Library was renamed the Bunin Library (abbreviated as “Buninka” by local residents).
• In Voronezh, on October 13, 1995, a monument to I. A. Bunin was unveiled. The author is Moscow sculptor A. N. Burganov. The opening of the monument was timed to coincide with the 125th anniversary of the writer’s birth. Bunin is depicted sitting on a fallen tree, with a dog at his feet. According to the sculptor himself, the writer is depicted at the time of parting with Russia, experiencing anxiety and at the same time hope, and the dog clinging to his feet is a symbol of the departing nobility, a symbol of loneliness.

• In 2000, a film dedicated to Bunin, “The Diary of His Wife,” was shot.
• In the city of Efremov, in front of the railway station, on October 22, 2010, on the occasion of the 140th anniversary of the writer, a monument to Bunin was unveiled. The monument is a repetition of the statue (this time only waist-high), previously installed in Moscow (sculptor A. N. Burganov).
• One of the streets in the center of Odessa is named after the great writer and poet I. A. Bunin
• In 2006, the Rossiya TV channel released Alexei Denisov’s original film “Cursed Days. Ivan Bunin”, based on the writer’s diary “Cursed Days”.