Painting styles are a very broad topic, one might say eternal. People often use terms that they do not fully understand, which causes confusion and confusion. That is why I want to briefly and clearly tell you everything I know about trends in painting. In order not to turn the article into a dull history lesson, I will succinctly talk about the most popular and relevant areas today. Painting styles with illustrations - convenient and quick way get acquainted with the most important trends in the fine arts.
Gothic
"Altar of the Merode family." Robert Campin. 1430s.
Gothic- this is a movement in art that covered all the countries of Western and Central Europe. Then Gothic was in everything - in sculpture, painting, stained glass, etc. it was used everywhere possible, a “cultural boom” occurred. This popularity is due to the latest step in the evolution of medieval art. The center and main character of the Gothic style was architecture - high arches, stained glass windows, lots of details. The Roman era could not withstand such onslaught and remained on the sidelines of history.
Years: 1150 - 1450.
Bartolo di Fredi, Giotto, Jan Polak, Jan van Eyck.
Renaissance (Renaissance)
"Penitent Mary Magdalene." Titian. 1560s.
Renaissance arose from the fall Byzantine Empire and the cultural upheaval that occurred over this issue in Europe. The Byzantines, who were forced to flee, along with cultural ties, brought works of art and libraries to the lands of Europe. Thus, there was a kind of revival of ancient views, but in a modern way. Over the years, many points have been revised and questioned. In general, secular humanism and ideas of prosperity reigned.
Years: 1400 - 1600.
Hieronymus Bosch, Leonardo da Vinci, Titian.
Baroque
"Judith and Holofernes." Caravaggio. 1599
Baroque— European cultural heritage originally from Italy. Characterizes ironic vicious beauty, unnatural elitism and pretentiousness. The characteristic features of such paintings are high contrast, plot tension, and character dynamics stretched to the limit. The quintessence of Baroque is considered to be the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, located in Rome.
Years: 1600-1740.
Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Rubens, Jan Vermeer.
Classicism
"The Mercy of Scipio Africanus." Pompeo Batoni. 1772
Classicism played a huge role in art, as a fundamental movement in 18th-century painting. Everything becomes clear from the name itself (Latin classicus means exemplary, exemplary).
The artists set themselves the goal of introducing the viewer to the lofty, and their paintings were a guiding star. High morality, restrained culture and traditional ancient values became the basis of classicism. During the era of classicism in Europe there was cultural growth and revaluation of values, art reached a completely different level.
Years: 1700 - 1800.
Karl Bryullov, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Poussin Nicolas.
Realism
"Roaming Acrobats" Gustave Dore. 1874
Realism tries to convey with the greatest authenticity the mood of the moment, a moment of reality on the canvas. But in turn, it is not limited by clear boundaries; the only rules are that there should be no room in the picture for things that exclude realism. During experiments, at the end of the 18th century, this style was divided into naturalism and impressionism. But realism managed to survive and is popular even in modern painting.
Years: 1800 - 1880.
William Bouguereau, Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet.
Impressionism
"Impression. Rising Sun" Claude Monet. 1872
Impressionism originated in France, this concept was introduced by Louis Leroy. The impressionists who worked in this style wanted to capture a second impression of every object or moment; they painted right here and now, regardless of form and meaning. The paintings showed exclusively positive and bright moments and moments. But later, on this basis, disagreements began among the impressionists; over time, masters appeared who could be impressed social problems, hunger, disease. However, Impressionism is a kind and positive style of painting that shows good and bright moments.
Years: 1860 - 1920.
Claude Monet, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas.
Post-Impressionism
"Self-Portrait in a Gray Felt Hat III." Vincent Van Gogh. 1887
Post-Impressionism incorporates many different styles and techniques. European masters with fresh views on painting gave birth to new trends and actively tried to move away from the then boring impressionism and realism.
Years: 1880 - 1920.
Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Roderick O'Conor.
Pointillism
"Rio San Trovaso. Venice". Henri Edmond Cross. 1904
Pointillism(point - dot) - a stylistic direction in painting, which is the same impressionism, only in a different shell. Instead of jagged strokes, dotted or rectangular shapes were used. Also, the artists abandoned mixing colors on the palette; instead, pure colors were applied to the canvas and mixed directly on the canvas itself without touching each other.
Years: 1885 - 1930.
Henri Edmond Cross, Georges Seurat, Paul Signac.
Modernism
"Butterflies up close." Odilon Redon. 1910
Modernism - general characteristics all genres and styles in painting from 1850 to 1950. Includes such trends in painting as impressionism, expressionism, neo- and post-impressionism, fauvism, cubism, futurism, abstract art, dadaism, surrealism and many others. The existence of these styles marks a complete departure visual arts from academicism. After leaving academicism, it became almost impossible to keep track of all the trends and styles that have been formed and are still being formed.
Years: 1850 - 1950.
Salvador Dali, Kazimir Malevich, Auguste Renoir and many others.
Academicism
Academicism- a direction in art that follows the rules and customs of antiquity and the Renaissance. Academicism seeks to impose clear foundations and boundaries and excludes fantasy and creative flight. Instead, the emphasis is on improving the shortcomings, the “roughness” of nature - hiding or eliminating. Improving reality towards a beautiful perception is the essence of academicism. Plots are often taken from ancient mythology, Biblical and historical motifs are also used.
Years: 1500 - today.
Karl Bryullov, William Bouguereau, Fyodor Bruni.
Primitivism
“In the Kitchen” Epifaniy Drovnyak. 1940~
Primitivism- deliberately simplifying a painting to such an extent that it looks as if it was the work of a child. Various folk drawings and illustrations can be attributed to primitivism. Only at first glance the paintings look simple and absurd. But if you look closely, you can see the correct proportions and compliance with the rules of horizon and composition. Most of the famous masters of primitivism and naive art were great admirers of the history of their people and their culture. That is why all their paintings are rich in the color of the area in which they lived. Today this genre has transformed into naive art, often mixed with symbolism. This is due to the fact that the modern viewer is not ready to perceive primitivism in its pure form.
Years: 1900 - today.
Epiphany Drovnyak, Henri Rousseau, Niko Pirosmanishvili.
Cubism
"Seated woman in a blue dress." Pablo Picasso. 1939
Cubism is a movement of modernism, often used in relation to painting and fine arts. The masters divided their subjects into geometric shapes, giving each unique element its own dense sector.
Years: 1906 - 1925.
Pablo Picasso, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay.
Surrealism
"The Persistence of Memory". Salvador Dali. 1931
Surrealism is mixing dreams with reality. In this style, artists released their dreams outward, mixing images from real life with each other, combining incompatible things. Also, personal themes of dreams were touched upon - fears, secret desires, unconscious fantasies, complexes. Everything that a person can see in his dreams. Today, surrealists copy the outer shell, using only beautiful forms, without instilling in them the meaning that was characteristic of the masters of the past.
Years: 1920 - today.
Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Rene Magritte.
Abstractionism
"Yellow red blue." Wassily Kandinsky. 1925
Abstractionism- a direction in art where there was a refusal to depict reality and the correctness of forms. The main goal is to depict many colorful shapes that together can tell the story of the painting. Russia and America are considered to be the birthplace of abstract art.
Years: 1910 - today.
Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Piet Mondrian.
Expressionism
"Scream." Edvard Munch. 1893
Expressionism sets itself one single task, to convey what the author of the picture felt at the time of its writing. Artists in this style want to express themselves and their feelings, which is why expressionism is the antipode of impressionism, in which the emphasis is on the expression of a purely external shell. Expressionists are characterized by a tendency towards mysticism, pessimism and despondency.
Years: 1890 - today.
Egon Schiele, Karl Eugen Kehl, Jerzy Hulewicz.
Pop Art
"Green bottles of Coca-Cola." Andy Warhole. 1962
Pop Art— A modern style of art that uses symbols of popular culture and consumer products. Helped to manipulate and combine objects modern technologies, because of this, pop art was often criticized by the gatekeepers of the old school. Over time, pop art absorbed many trends in painting.
Years: 1950 - 1980.
Andy Warhol, David Hockney, Robert Rauschenberg.
Minimalism
Gran Cairo. Frank Stella. 1962
Minimalism should minimize the author's interference with the environment. Minimalism means only the most important points. Its origins lie in constructivism, suprematism, and dadaism. It is a very controversial genre of painting, due to the overly minimalist views of some authors of this style. Today, minimalist trends in painting are transforming extremely quickly.
Years: 1960 - today.
Frank Stella, Carl Andre, Sol LeWitt.
Hyperrealism
"Fruits". Jacques Bodin. 2016
Hyperrealism appeared in connection with the popularization of photography; artists were interested in competing with photographers. Hyperrealists create an alternative reality, a realistic illusion.
Years: 1970 - today.
Gnoli, Gerhard Richter, Delkol.
That's all the directions in painting
That's all I could and wanted to say on this topic 😉 In fact, there are many more directions in painting, and they are unintentionally developed literally every day. In this article I wanted to talk about the most popular and influential ones. If you liked the material, share it on in social networks, let's develop art together. Thank you all for your support!
What is painting?
Painting is a type of fine art, works of which are created using paints applied to any surface.
“Painting is not just some kind of fantasy. It is work, work that must be done conscientiously, as every conscientious worker does,” Renoir argued.
Painting is an amazing miracle of transforming accessible artistic materials into a variety of visible images of reality. Mastering the art of painting means being able to depict real objects of any shape, different color and material in any space.
Painting, like all other forms of art, has a special artistic language through which the artist reflects the world. But, expressing his understanding of the world, the artist simultaneously embodies his thoughts and feelings, aspirations, aesthetic ideals in his works, evaluates the phenomena of life, explaining their essence and meaning in his own way.
IN works of art different genres of fine art created by painters use drawing, color, light and shade, expressiveness of strokes, texture and composition. This makes it possible to reproduce on a plane the colorful richness of the world, the volume of objects, their qualitative material originality, spatial depth and light-air environment.
The world of painting is rich and complex, its treasures have been accumulated by humanity over many millennia. The most ancient works of painting were discovered by scientists on the walls of caves in which they lived primitive people. The first artists depicted hunting scenes and animal habits with amazing accuracy and sharpness. This is how the art of painting on the wall arose, which had features characteristic of monumental painting.
There are two main types of monumental painting - fresco and mosaic.
Fresco is a technique of painting with paints diluted with clean or lime water on fresh, damp plaster.
Mosaic is an image made of particles of stone, smalt, ceramic tiles, homogeneous or different in material, which are fixed in a layer of soil - lime or cement.
Fresco and mosaic are the main types of monumental art, which, due to their durability and color fastness, are used to decorate architectural volumes and planes (wall paintings, lampshades, panels).
Easel painting (picture) has an independent character and meaning. The breadth and completeness of the coverage of real life is reflected in the variety of types and genres inherent in easel painting: portrait, landscape, still life, everyday, historical, battle genres.
Unlike monumental painting, easel painting is not connected to the plane of the wall and can be freely exhibited.
The ideological and artistic meaning of works of easel art does not change depending on the place where they are located, although their artistic sound depends on the conditions of exposure.
In addition to the above-mentioned types of painting, there is decorative painting - sketches of theatrical scenery, scenery and costumes for cinema, as well as miniatures and icon painting.
To create a miniature work of art or a monumental one (for example, a painting on a wall), the artist must know not only the constructive essence of objects, their volume, materiality, but also the rules and laws of the pictorial representation of nature, the harmony of color, and color. 
In a pictorial image from nature, it is necessary to take into account not only the variety of colors, but also their unity, determined by the strength and color of the light source. No spot of color should be introduced into the image without matching it with the overall color state. The color of each object, both in light and in shadow, must be related to the color whole. If the colors of the image do not convey the influence of the color of the lighting, they will not be subject to a single color scheme. In such an image, each color will stand out as something extraneous and alien to a given state of illumination; it will appear random and ruin the color integrity of the image.
Thus, the natural color unification of paints by the general color of lighting is the basis for creating a harmonious color structure of the picture.
Color is one of the most expressive means used in painting. The artist conveys on the plane the colorful richness of what he saw, with the help of color form he cognizes and reflects the world. In the process of depicting nature, a sense of color and its many shades develops, which allows the use of paints as the main means of expression painting.
The perception of color, and the artist's eye is able to distinguish more than 200 of its shades, is perhaps one of the happiest qualities that nature has endowed man with.
Knowing the laws of contrast, the artist navigates those changes in the color of the depicted nature, which in some cases are difficult to catch by the eye. The perception of color depends on the environment in which the object is located. Therefore, the artist, when conveying the color of nature, compares the colors with each other, ensuring that they are perceived in interconnection or mutual relations.
“Taking light-and-shadow relationships” means preserving the difference between colors in lightness, saturation and hue, according to how it occurs in nature. 
Contrast (both in light and color) is especially noticeable on the edges of adjacent color spots. The blurring of the boundaries between contrasting colors enhances the effect of color contrast, and the clarity of the boundaries of the spots reduces it. Knowledge of these laws expands technical capabilities in painting, allows the artist, with the help of contrast, to increase the intensity of the color of paints, increase their saturation, increase or decrease their lightness, which enriches the painter’s palette. Thus, without using mixtures, but only contrasting combinations of warm and cold colors, you can achieve a special coloristic sonority of the painting.
Although the concept of “genre” appeared in painting relatively recently, certain genre differences have existed since ancient times: images of animals in Paleolithic caves, portraitsAncient Egyptand Mesopotamia from 3 thousand BC, landscapes and still lifes in Hellenistic and Roman mosaics and frescoes. The formation of the genre as a system in easel painting began in Europe in the 15th–16th centuries. and ended mainly in the 17th century, when, in addition to the division of fine art into genres, the concept of the so-called appeared. “high” and “low” genres depending on the subject of the image, theme, plot. The “high” genre included historical and mythological genres, and the “low” genre included portrait, landscape, and still life. This gradation of genres lasted until the 19th century. although with exceptions.
So, in the 17th century. In Holland, it was the “low” genres that became leading in painting (landscape, everyday life, still life), but the ceremonial portrait, which formally belonged to the “low” genre of portraiture, did not belong to that. Having become a form of displaying life, the genres of painting, with all their stability, common features are not immutable, they develop along with life, changing as art develops. Some genres die out or acquire a new meaning (for example, the mythological genre), new ones arise, usually within previously existing ones (for example, within the landscape genre architectural landscape And marina). Works appear that combine various genres (for example, a combination of an everyday genre with a landscape, a group portrait with a historical genre).
SELF-PORTRAIT(from the French autoportrait) - a portrait of oneself. Usually this refers to a pictorial image; however, self-portraits can also be sculptural, literary, cinematic, photographic, etc.
Rembrandt "Self-Portrait".
ALLEGORY(Greek allegoria - allegory) - expression of abstract ideas with the help of concrete artistic images. Example: “justice” is a woman with scales.
Moretto da Brescia "Allegory of Faith"
ANIMAL(from Latin animal - animal) - a genre associated with the depiction of animals in painting, sculpture and graphics.
D. Stubbs. Mares and foals in a landscape by the river. 1763-1768
BATTLE(from the French bataille - battle) - dedicated to the depiction of military actions and military life.
Averyanov Alexander Yurievich. href="http://www.realartist.ru/names/averyanov/30/">Waterloo.
DOMESTIC- associated with the image Everyday life person.
Nikolai Dmitrievich DMITRIEV-ORENBURG (1837-1898). Fire in the village
GALLANT- “courteous, polite, courteous, courteous, interesting” is outdated. associated with the depiction of exquisite lyrical scenes from the life of court ladies and gentlemen in artistic creativity mainly from the 18th century.
Gerard ter Borch the Younger. Gallant soldier.
HISTORICAL- one of the main genres of fine art dedicated to historical events past and present, socially significant phenomena in the history of peoples.
Pavel Ryzhenko. Victory of Peresvet.
CARICATURE- a genre of fine art that uses the means of satire and humor, grotesque, caricature, an image in which a comic effect is created by exaggeration and sharpening of characteristic features. A caricature ridicules a character's flaw or depravity in order to attract him and the people around him, in order to force him to change for the better.
MYTHOLOGICAL- dedicated to events and heroes about which myths tell. Gods, demiurges, heroes, demons, mythical creatures, historical and mythological characters. In the 19th century, the mythological genre served as the norm for high, ideal art.
Alexander Ivanov. Bellerophon sets out on a campaign against the Chimera.
STILL LIFE- a genre of fine art, images of inanimate objects placed in a real everyday environment and organized into a specific group; a painting depicting household items, flowers, fruits, game, caught fish, etc.
Aenvanck Theodoor
Nude(naked) - artistic genre in sculpture, painting, photography and cinema, depicting the beauty of the naked human body, mainly female.
Venus of Urbino, Titian
PASTORAL(French pastorale - pastoral, rural) - a genre in literature, painting, music and theater, depicting the idyllic life of shepherds and shepherdesses in nature.
SCENERY(French paysage, from pays - country, area), is a genre dedicated to the depiction of any area: rivers, mountains, fields, forests, rural or urban landscapes.
Href="http://solsand.com/wiki/doku.php?id=ostade&DokuWiki=7593bff333e2d137d17806744c6dbf83" >Adriana van Ostade
PORTRAIT(French portrait, “to reproduce something feature by feature”) is a genre of fine art dedicated to the depiction of a person or group of people; varieties - self-portrait, group portrait, ceremonial, chamber, costume portrait, portrait miniature.
Borovikovsky V. “Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina”
THEMATIC PICTURE- definition of a peculiar crossing of traditional genres of painting, which contributed to the creation of large-scale works on social significant topics with a clearly defined plot, plot action, and multi-figure composition. Briefly: - mixing traditional genres of painting: everyday life, history, battle, compositional portrait, landscape, etc.
Robert, Hubert - Inspection of the old church
CARTOON or FRIENDLY CARTOON(French charge) - humorous or satirical image, in which the character traits models are within normal limits, with the purpose of making fun, and not to humiliate and insult as is usually done in caricatures.
In the 17th century, a division of painting genres into “high” and “low” was introduced. The first included historical, battle and mythological genres. The second included mundane genres of painting from everyday life, for example, everyday genre, still life, animal painting, portrait, nude, landscape.
Historical genre
The historical genre in painting does not depict a specific object or person, but a specific moment or event that took place in the history of past eras. It is included in the main genres of painting in art. Portrait, battle, everyday and mythological genres are often closely intertwined with the historical.
"Conquest of Siberia by Ermak" (1891-1895)
Vasily Surikov
Artists Nicolas Poussin, Tintoretto, Eugene Delacroix, Peter Rubens, Vasily Ivanovich Surikov, Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev and many others painted their paintings in the historical genre.
Mythological genre
Tales, ancient legends and myths, folklore - the depiction of these subjects, heroes and events has found its place in the mythological genre of painting. Perhaps it can be distinguished in the paintings of any people, because the history of each ethnic group is full of legends and traditions. For example, such a plot of Greek mythology as the secret romance of the god of war Ares and the goddess of beauty Aphrodite is depicted in the painting “Parnassus” by an Italian artist named Andrea Mantegna.
"Parnassus" (1497)
Andrea Mantegna
Mythology in painting was finally formed during the Renaissance. Representatives of this genre, in addition to Andrea Mantegna, are Rafael Santi, Giorgione, Lucas Cranach, Sandro Botticelli, Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov and others.
Battle genre
Battle painting describes scenes from military life. Most often, various military campaigns are illustrated, as well as sea and land battles. And since these fights are often taken from real story, then the battle and historical genres find their intersection point here.
Fragment of the panorama “Battle of Borodino” (1912)
Franz Roubaud
Battle painting took shape during the Italian Renaissance in the works of artists Michelangelo Buonarroti, Leonardo da Vinci, and then Theodore Gericault, Francisco Goya, Franz Alekseevich Roubaud, Mitrofan Borisovich Grekov and many other painters.
Everyday genre
Scenes from the everyday, public or private life of ordinary people, be it urban or peasant life, are depicted in the everyday genre in painting. Like many others genres of painting, everyday paintings are rarely found in their own form, becoming part of the portrait or landscape genre.
"Musical Instrument Seller" (1652)
Karel Fabricius
The origin of everyday painting occurred in the 10th century in the East, and it moved to Europe and Russia only in XVII-XVIII centuries. Jan Vermeer, Karel Fabricius and Gabriel Metsu, Mikhail Shibanov and Ivan Alekseevich Ermenev are the most famous artists household paintings of that period.
Animalistic genre
Main objects animal genre are animals and birds, both wild and domestic, and in general all representatives of the animal world. Initially, animal art was included in the genres Chinese painting, since it first appeared in China in the 8th century. In Europe, animal painting was formed only during the Renaissance - animals at that time were depicted as the embodiment of human vices and virtues.
"Horses in the Meadow" (1649)
Paulus Potter
Antonio Pisanello, Paulus Potter, Albrecht Durer, Frans Snyders, Albert Cuyp are the main representatives of animal painting in the fine arts.
Still life
The still life genre depicts objects that surround a person in life. These are inanimate objects combined into one group. Such objects may belong to the same genus (for example, only fruits are depicted in the picture), or they may be dissimilar (fruits, utensils, musical instruments, flowers, etc.).
"Flowers in a Basket, Butterfly and Dragonfly" (1614)
Ambrosius Bosshart the Elder
Still life as an independent genre took shape in the 17th century. The Flemish and Dutch schools of still life are especially distinguished. Representatives of the most famous people painted their paintings in this genre. different styles, from realism to cubism. Some of the most famous still lifes were painted by painters Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder, Albertus Jonah Brandt, Paul Cezanne, Vincent Van Gogh, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Willem Claes Heda.
Portrait
Portrait is a genre of painting, which is one of the most common in the fine arts. The purpose of a portrait in painting is to depict a person, but not just his appearance, but also to convey the inner feelings and mood of the person being portrayed.
Portraits can be single, pair, group, as well as a self-portrait, which is sometimes distinguished as a separate genre. And the most famous portrait of all time, perhaps, is the painting by Leonardo da Vinci called “Portrait of Madame Lisa del Giocondo,” known to everyone as the “Mona Lisa.”
"Mona Lisa" (1503-1506)
Leonardo da Vinci
The first portraits appeared thousands of years ago in Ancient Egypt- these were images of pharaohs. Since then, most artists of all times have tried themselves in this genre in one way or another. Portrait and historical genres of painting can also intersect: the depiction of a great historical figure will be considered a work of historical genre, although at the same time it will convey the appearance and character of this person as a portrait.
Nude
The purpose of the nude genre is to depict the naked human body. The Renaissance period is considered the moment of the emergence and development of this type of painting, and the main object of painting then most often became the female body, which embodied the beauty of the era.
"Rural Concert" (1510)
Titian
Titian, Amedeo Modigliani, Antonio da Correggio, Giorgione, Pablo Picasso are the most famous artists who painted nude paintings.
Scenery
The main theme of the landscape genre is nature, environment- city, countryside or wilderness. The first landscapes appeared in ancient times when painting palaces and temples, creating miniatures and icons. Landscape began to emerge as an independent genre in the 16th century and has since become one of the most popular genres. genres of painting.
It is present in the works of many painters, starting with Peter Rubens, Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov, Edouard Manet, continuing with Isaac Ilyich Levitan, Piet Mondrian, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and ending with many contemporary artists of the 21st century.
"Golden Autumn" (1895)
Isaac Levitan
Among landscape paintings, one can distinguish such genres as sea and city landscapes.
Veduta
Veduta is a landscape, the purpose of which is to depict the appearance of an urban area and convey its beauty and flavor. Later, with the development of industry, the urban landscape turns into an industrial landscape.
"St. Mark's Square" (1730)
Canaletto
You can appreciate city landscapes by getting acquainted with the works of Canaletto, Pieter Bruegel, Fyodor Yakovlevich Alekseev, Sylvester Feodosievich Shchedrin.
Marina
A seascape, or marina, depicts the nature of the sea element, its grandeur. The most famous marine painter in the world is perhaps Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky, whose painting “The Ninth Wave” can be called a masterpiece of Russian painting. The heyday of the marina occurred simultaneously with the development of the landscape as such.
"Sailboat in a Storm" (1886)
James Buttersworth
with their own seascapes also known are Katsushika Hokusai, James Edward Buttersworth, Alexey Petrovich Bogolyubov, Lev Felixovich Lagorio and Rafael Monleon Torres.
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Art is creativity in its entirety.
What arts do you know?
Literature, music, dance, theater, cinema.
art– spatial, not extended in time. It requires two or three dimensional space. Although in our time, thanks to technical capabilities, a form of art has emerged that includes temporary space (video art).
Fine art reflects reality through visual images:
- diversity of the surrounding world;
- thoughts and feelings of a person.
This is a way of understanding the environment and oneself.
To do this, the artist uses generalization and imagination.
Types of fine arts:
Architecture
Painting
Graphic arts
Sculpture
Arts and crafts
Theatrical and decorative arts
Design
Architecture
Architecture is the art of constructing buildings and structures for the life and activities of people.The word “architecture” comes from the Greek “Arhus” - main, highest;
"Tectonico" - construction.
Requires three-dimensional space.. It also has internal space - the interior.
Painting
Painting is a type of fine art, works of which are created using paints (tempera, oil paints, acrylic, gouache, ...).Graphic arts
Graphics is a type of fine art that includes drawing and printed images. “Grapho” - I write, draw, draw.Drawings are done in pencil, ink, sepia, sanguine...
Printed images – engravings, lithographs, woodcuts, monotypes.
Graphics are divided into easel, book and applied.
Watercolor, gouache and pastel stand on the verge of painting and graphics.
The first works of graphics were rock paintings of primitive art.
IN Ancient Greece graphic art was at the highest level - vase painting.
Sculpture
The term comes from the Latin “sculpere” - to cut, carve.Unlike painting and graphics, sculpture has volume.
A sculpture is a three-dimensional image.
Materials: bone, stone, wood, clay, metal, wax...
Sculpture is one of the most ancient forms of art.
The first sculptural works were idols, amulets, and depicted ancient gods.
A distinction is made between round sculpture (viewed from different sides) and relief (high, medium, low, counter-relief).
Sculpture is divided into types: easel and monumental (monuments, monuments) and monumental-decorative (architectural decoration).
Decorative and applied arts (DAI)
In every home, various objects live and serve us. And if they are touched by the hand of an artist, jeweler or folk craftsman, then they become a decorative work - applied arts. The term appeared in the 18th century. from the French word "decor" - decoration everywhere.Applied means something to which skill or art is applied.
Design
Starting from the primitive period, one can trace the development of this art form.Theatrical and decorative art
This type of art includes the creation of scenery, props, costumes, and makeup.GENRES
The term “genre” comes from the French – type, genus.The first independent genres appeared in the Netherlands in the 16th century.
Historical
Mythological, religious
Battle
Portrait
Scenery
Still life
Domestic
Marina
Animalistic
Interior
Historical genre
The historical genre is a work of art that reflects real historical characters or events.Mythological genre
The mythological genre is a work of art that reflects mythological subjects.Religious
Battle genre
The battle genre is a work of art that reflects military episodes.An artist who writes on battle themes is called a battle painter.
Portrait
A portrait is an image of a person in sculpture, painting and graphics.Portraits painted by artists bring to us images of people of past eras.
Scenery
Landscape is a picture in which nature has become its main content.The term "landscape" (paysage) comes from French, which translated means “nature”. Landscape as an independent genre originated in Holland.
Landscape painting is varied. There are landscapes that accurately convey certain corners of nature, while others subtly convey the state. There are also fantastic landscapes.
Still life
The term "still life" comes from a French word literally meaning "dead nature."These are paintings whose heroes are various household items, fruits, flowers or food (fish, game, and so on).
Still lifes tell us not only about things, but also about their owners, about their life, way of life and habits.
Everyday genre
The everyday genre is paintings that reflect episodes from people’s everyday lives.Marina
Marina is a work of art that depicts the sea.An artist who paints the sea is called a marine painter.
Animalistic genre
The animalistic genre is a work of art that depicts animals.Interior
Image of the interior decoration of an architectural structure.Art style
The concept of “style” is an originality that allows you to immediately determine in what historical era a work has been created.An artistic (high) style is a direction that includes all types of art.
For example, Baroque is a high style, and Rococo is a direction.
The great or high styles include the classics of antiquity, the Romanesque style and Gothic in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance style, which marked the transition period from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age, Baroque and Classicism in the Modern Age. The last major style at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. became Art Nouveau, in which an attempt was made to revive the unity of architecture, decorative and fine arts.
The combination of several types of art in one work is called a synthesis of arts.
In other words art style reaches highest level when it involves all types of art.
Having developed in a certain historical era, high styles were continuously transformed and revived at the next stage in a new quality. For example, classicism of the 17th century. in France, it took its basis from ancient classics, while it is very different from the neoclassicism of the second half of the 18th century. and, of course, from neoclassicism as one of the directions of eclecticism of the second half of the 19th century– beginning of the 20th century.