When using the phrase “real man” in conversation, as a rule, both women and representatives of the stronger sex are talking about the same type.

“Normal men,” as they call themselves, behave in accordance with the ethical standards of society, value marriage and their family, love loved ones, and live “correctly.” There is no clear definition of what a man should be who is an example of morality.

But usually such people have the following traits: a strong, tough character, wisdom, loyalty to their loved ones, physical strength, his, ability to make decisions, responsibility and a worthy life partner. Today we invite you to talk about moral freedom of choice, because every man should know how to act better and more correctly in various life situations.

The problem of human moral choice

Interest in this problem is caused by the fact that sooner or later every person faces a situation of moral choice. Moral choice is a person's choice in favor of good or evil, the choice of an ethical alternative. Aristotle also said that it must be different from desires, be known and relevant to a person, and the choice must be conscious. We live in a free society, therefore freedom is the determining factor in the moral position of any person. How does it manifest itself?

The concepts of “good” or “bad” are abstract for every person, despite generally accepted norms. But in any society, a person’s morality is considered through his behavior, actions, attitude towards certain things, towards his freedom of choice. It is in these areas that a person shows himself, while manifesting himself as a creative and independent person.

Finding himself in a difficult life situation or in any extreme situation, a person is able to express himself in a way that he would never have done at any other time. Or, on the contrary, his behavior will be as follows: as usual, and this will also be an indicator of his morality.

Also, a huge indicator of morality is a person’s willpower; not everyone has it. When we fight for the freedom of our own choice, we often forget that it is better not to be able to purchase anything at all, for example, if you are addicted to alcohol, buy vodka, spend all your free time, capabilities and health on it. If a person has strong free will, which in fact turns out to be much more expensive and more important than many factors, then he is unlikely to face the problem of moral choice.

(based on works of the war period)

How it was! How did it coincide-

War, trouble, dream and youth!

And it all sunk into me

And only then did I wake up!

(David Samoilov)

The world of literature is complex amazing world, and at the same time very contradictory. Especially at the turn of the century, where those who join again, the new encounters what sometimes sees or becomes exemplary, classic. Either one formation is replaced by another: accordingly, views, ideology, sometimes even morality change, foundations collapse (which happened at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries). Everything changes. And today, on the threshold of the 21st century, we feel it ourselves. Only one thing remains unchanged: memory. We should be grateful to those writers who left behind once recognized, and sometimes unrecognized, work. These works make us think about the meaning of life, return to that time, look at it through the eyes of writers of different movements, and compare conflicting points of view. These works are a living memory of those artists who did not remain ordinary contemplatives of what was happening. “As much memory as there is in a person, so much is the person in him,” writes V. Rasputin. And let our grateful memory be our caring attitude towards their creations.

We have experienced a terrible war, perhaps the most terrible and severe in terms of casualties and destruction in the entire history of mankind. A war that brought with it millions of innocent lives of mothers and children who tried to somehow resist this wedge of fascism, going deeper and deeper into the consciousness of every person on the planet. But after more than half a century, we are beginning to forget the horror and fear that our fathers and grandfathers experienced while defending their Motherland. We are no longer surprised by the slightly disguised swastika of Hitler's Nazism. It’s strange why the country and people who stopped fascism, seemingly once and for all, now receive people like Ilyukhin and Barkashov. Why, hiding behind the holy ideals of the unity and well-being of Mother Russia, at the same time they walk around with Nazi swastikas on their sleeves and images of Hitler on their chests.

And again, Russia faces a choice - a choice so complex and ambiguous that it makes us think about the meaning of worldly existence and the purpose of our existence on this planet.

In this work, I tried, as they say, to delve into the very essence of these two words - choice and morality. What do they mean for each of us and how will we behave in a situation that pushes us to commit an immoral crime, pushes us to commit a crime against ourselves, against the established opinion about the purity of the human soul and about morality, against the laws of God.

Choice is nothing more than an option for the further path of human development. The only difference between choice and fortune is that choice is deliberate, conscious and thoughtful behavior of a person, directed or better said, emanating from human needs and the main sense of self-preservation.

What is good and beautiful, in my opinion, are writers of the war period, if only because they are a mirror of the human soul. As if approaching a person, they turn to a certain angle, thereby showing the person’s soul from all sides. Vyacheslav Kondratyev, in my opinion, is no exception.

Kondratiev’s stories and tales take us to the Far East (where the heroes served in the army, and the war found them there), and to the warily harsh, but calm Moscow of forty-two. But in the center of Kondratiev’s artistic universe is the Ovsyannikovsky field - in craters from mines, shells and bombs, with uncleaned corpses, with bullet-ridden helmets lying around, with a tank knocked out in one of the first battles.

The Ovsyannikovskoe field is not remarkable in any way. A field is like a field. But for Kondratiev’s heroes, everything important in their lives happens here, and many are not destined to cross it; they will remain here forever. And those who are lucky enough to return from here alive will remember it forever in every detail. - every hollow, every hillock, every path. For those who fight here, even the smallest things are filled with considerable significance: huts, and small trenches, and the last pinch of terry, and felt boots that cannot be dried, and half a pot of thin millet porridge a day for two. All this made up the life of a soldier on the front line, this is what it consisted of, what it was filled with. Even death was commonplace here, although the hope did not fade away that it was unlikely to get out of here alive and uninjured.

Now, from the distance of peaceful times, it may seem that Kondratiev’s details alone are not so significant - you can do without them: the date with which a pack of concentrate is marked, cakes made from rotten, soggy potatoes. But it’s all true, it happened. Is it possible, turning away from the dirt, blood, suffering, to appreciate the courage of a soldier, to truly understand what the war cost the people? This is where the hero’s moral choice begins - between spoiled food, between corpses, between fear. A piece of war-torn land, a handful of people - the most ordinary, but at the same time unique in their own way on the entire planet. These people were able to withstand, were able to carry a human being through the entire war and human soul, never tainted in this mess of a dirty war. Kondratiev completely depicted folk life in a small space. In the small world of Ovsyannikov’s field, the essential features and patterns of the big world are revealed, the fate of the people appears at a time of great historical upheavals. In the small things, the big things always appear in him. The same date on a pack of concentrate, indicating that it was not from the reserve, but immediately, without delay or delay, went to the front, without further ado, indicates the extreme limit of the tension of the forces of the entire country.

Front life - reality of a special kind: meetings here are fleeting - at any moment an order or a bullet could separate them for a long time, often forever. But under fire, in a few days and hours, and sometimes in just one action, a person’s character was revealed with such exhaustive completeness, with such extreme clarity and certainty, which are sometimes unattainable under normal conditions even with many years of friendly relations.

Let’s imagine that the war spared both Sasha and that seriously wounded soldier from the “dads”, whom the hero, himself wounded, bandaged and to whom, having reached the medical platoon, he brought the orderlies. Would Sashka remember this incident? Most likely, nothing at all, for him there is nothing special in it, he did what he took for granted, without attaching any importance to it. But the wounded soldier whose life Sashka saved will probably never forget him. What does it matter if he doesn’t know anything about Sashka, not even his name. The act itself revealed to him the most important thing in Sashka. And if their acquaintance had continued, it would not have added much to what he learned about Sashka in those few minutes when a shell fragment felled him, and he lay in the grove, bleeding. And not one event can characterize a person’s morality - than this one. And Sashka gave preference to the right choice - the choice of human conscience and human mercy.

It is often said, referring to the fate of a person, - river of life. At the front, its current became catastrophically rapid, it imperiously carried a person along with it and carried him from one bloody whirlpool to another. How little opportunity he had for free choice! But when choosing, every time he puts his life or the lives of his subordinates on the line. The price of choice here is always life, although usually you have to choose seemingly ordinary things - position with a wider view, cover on the battlefield.

Kondratiev is trying to convey this unstoppable movement of the flow of life, subjugating a person; sometimes the hero comes to the fore - Sasha. And although he tries to use all the opportunities for choice that arise, he does not miss situations the outcome of which may depend on his ingenuity, endurance, he still - still at the mercy of this indomitable flow of military reality - While he is alive and well, he can go on the attack again, press himself into the ground under fire, eat whatever he has to, sleep wherever he has to...

The story “Sashka” was immediately noticed and appreciated. Readers and critics, this time showing rare unanimity, determined its place among the greatest successes of our military literature. This story, which made the name of Vyacheslav Kondratiev, still reminds us of the horrors of that war.

But Kondratiev was not alone; the problems of moral choice fell on the shoulders of other writers of that time. Yuri Bondarev wrote a lot about the war, " Hot Snow“occupies a special place, opening up new approaches to solving moral and psychological problems posed in his first stories - “Battalions Ask for Fire” and “The Last Salvos.” These three books about the war are a holistic and developing world, which in “Hot Snow” reached its greatest completeness and imaginative power. The first stories, independent in all respects, were at the same time a kind of preparation for a novel, perhaps not yet conceived, but living in the depths of the writer’s memory.

The events of the novel “Hot Snow” unfold near Stalingrad, south of the 6th Army of General Paulus, blocked by Soviet troops, in the cold December 1942, when one of our armies withstood in the Volga steppe the attack of the tank divisions of Field Marshal Manstein, who sought to break through a corridor to Paulus’s army and get her out of the encirclement. The outcome of the Battle of the Volga and maybe even the timing of the end of the war itself largely depended on the success or failure of this operation. The duration of the novel is limited to just a few days, during which the heroes of Yuri Bondarev selflessly defend a tiny patch of land from German tanks. Thus showing the height of human heroism and the boundlessness of Russian patriotism.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Problems of morality in works of Russian literature Arguments for an essay

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Morality - This is a system of rules of personal behavior, first of all, answering the question: what is good and what is bad; what is good and what is evil. This system is based on values ​​that this person considers important and necessary. As a rule, such values ​​include human life, happiness, family, love, welfare and others. Depending on what kind of values ​​a person chooses for himself, it is determined what the person’s actions will be - moral or immoral. Therefore, morality is an independent choice of a person.

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MORAL PROBLEMS: Problem moral quest human roots go back to ancient Russian literature, into folklore. It is associated with such concepts as: honor, conscience, dignity, patriotism, valor, honesty, mercy, etc. Since ancient times, all these qualities have been valued by man; they helped him in difficult life situations with choices. To this day, we know the following proverbs: “In whom there is honor, there lies truth,” “Without a root, not a blade of grass grows,” “A man without a homeland is a nightingale without a song,” “Take care of honor from a young age, and take care of your dress again.” The most interesting sources on which it relies modern literature, are fairy tales, epics, stories, stories, etc.

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Problems of morality In literature: In literature there are works that touch on many problems of morality.

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The problem of morality is one of the key problems in Russian literature, which always teaches, educates, and not just entertains. “War and Peace” L.N. Tolstoy is a novel about the spiritual quest of the main characters, going to higher moral truth through misconceptions and mistakes. For the great writer, spirituality is the main quality of Pierre Bezukhov, Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky. It is worth listening to the wise advice of the master of words and learning from him the highest truths.

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The problem of morality in the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn “ Matrenin Dvor" The main character is a simple Russian woman who “didn’t chase after things”, was trouble-free and impractical. But it is precisely these, according to the author, who are the righteous on whom our land rests.

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The problem of a person's relationship to his homeland, small homeland The problem of attitude towards one’s small homeland is raised by V.G. Rasputin in the story “Farewell to Matera”. Those who truly love their native land protect their island from flooding, and strangers are ready to desecrate the graves, burn down huts, which for others, for example, for Daria, are not just a home, but a home where parents died and children were born.

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The problem of a person’s relationship to his homeland, small homeland The theme of the homeland is one of the main ones in the work of I.A. Bunina. Having left Russia, he wrote only about it until the end of his days. The work “Antonov Apples” is imbued with sad lyricism. Smell Antonov apples became for the author the personification of his homeland. Russia is shown by Bunin as diverse, contradictory, where the eternal harmony of nature is combined with human tragedies

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The problem of loneliness in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky It seems to me that sometimes it is the person himself who is guilty of loneliness, having separated himself, like Rodion Raskolnikov, the hero of Dostoevsky’s novel, by pride, the desire for power or crime. You have to be open and kind, then there will be people who will save you from loneliness. The sincere love of Sonya Marmeladova saves Raskolnikov and gives him hope for the future.

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The problem of mercy and humanism. The pages of works of Russian literature teach us to be merciful to those who, due to various circumstances or social injustice, find themselves at the bottom of their lives or in a difficult situation. Lines of the story by A.S. Pushkin “ Stationmaster", telling the story of Samson Vyrin, for the first time in Russian literature showed that any person deserves sympathy, respect, compassion, no matter what level of the social ladder he is at.

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The problem of mercy and humanism in the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". “Sprinkled with ashes” the soldier’s eyes saw grief little man, the Russian soul did not harden from countless losses and showed mercy.

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The problem of honor and conscience In Russian literature there are many great works that can educate a person and make him better. For example, in the story by A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter“Peter Grinev goes through the path of trials, mistakes, the path of learning the truth, comprehending wisdom, love and mercy. It is no coincidence that the author introduces the story with an epigraph: “Take care of your honor from a young age.”

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The problem of honor and dishonor In Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Pierre Bezukhov challenged Dolokhov to a duel, defending his honor and dignity. Dining at the table with Dolokhov, Pierre was very tense. He was worried about the relationship between Helen and Dolokhov. And when Dolokhov made his toast, Pierre’s doubts began to overcome him even more. And then, when Dolokhov snatched the letter intended for Bezukhov, a challenge to a duel occurred.

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The problem of honor, conscience The problem of conscience is one of the main ones in V.G. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember.” A meeting with her deserter husband becomes both joy and torment for the main character, Nastena Guskova. Before the war, they dreamed of a child, and now, when Andrei is forced to hide, fate gives them such a chance. Nastena feels like a criminal, because the pangs of conscience cannot be compared with anything, so the heroine commits a terrible sin - she throws herself into the river, destroying both herself and her unborn child.

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The problem of moral choice between good and evil, lies and truth The hero of Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment, Rodion Raskolnikov, is obsessed with a diabolical idea. “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?” - he asks a question. There is a struggle between dark and light forces in his heart, and only through blood, murder and terrible spiritual torment does he come to the truth that not cruelty, but love and mercy can save a person.

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The problem of moral choice between good and evil, lies and truth Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, the hero of the novel “Crime and Punishment” is an acquirer, a business man. This is a scoundrel by conviction who puts only money first. This hero is a warning to us living in the 21st century that forgetting eternal truths always leads to disaster.

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Problems of cruelty and betrayal in the modern world The heroine of the story by V.P. Astafieva “Lyudochka” came to the city to work. She was brutally abused, and her close friend betrayed her and did not protect her. And the girl suffers, but finds no sympathy from either her mother or Gavrilovna. The human circle did not save the heroine, and she committed suicide.

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The problem of cruelty in the modern world and people. The lines of Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” teach us a great truth: cruelty, murder, “blood according to conscience,” invented by Raskolnikov, are absurd, because only God can give life or take it. Dostoevsky tells us that to be cruel, to transgress the great commandments of goodness and mercy means to destroy one’s own soul.

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The problem of true and false values. Let us remember the immortal lines “ Dead souls» N.V. Gogol, when Chichikov at the governor’s ball chooses who to approach - the “fat” or the “thin”. The hero strives only for wealth, and at any cost, so he joins the “fat people”, where he finds all the familiar faces. This is his moral choice that determines his future fate.

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The problem of kindness and sincerity in the works of L.N. Tolstoy Kindness in a person must be cultivated from childhood. This feeling should be an integral part of the personality. All this is embodied in the image of the main character of the novel “War and Peace” Natalya Rostova.

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The problem of the moral soul, the inner spiritual world Truly rich and complete inner world do moral qualities person. Man is part of nature. If he lives in harmony with it, then he subtly feels the beauty of the world and knows how to convey it. Such an example could be Andrei Bolkonsky in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

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The problem of self-sacrifice, compassion, mercy Sonya Marmeladova, the heroine of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” is the embodiment of humility and Christian love for one’s neighbor. The basis of her life is self-sacrifice. In the name of love for her neighbor, she is ready for the most unbearable suffering. It is Sonya who carries within herself the truth to which Rodion Raskolnikov must come through painful searching. With the power of her love, the ability to endure any torment, she helps him overcome himself and take a step towards resurrection.

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Problems of self-sacrifice, love for people; indifference, cruelty In the story of the Russian writer Maxim Gorky “Old Woman Izergil” the image of Danko is striking. This romantic hero who sacrificed himself for the people. He led people through the forest with calls to defeat the darkness. But weak people During the journey they began to lose heart and die. Then they accused Danko of mismanaging them. And in the name of his great love for people, he tore open his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch. People ran after him and overcame a difficult road, forgetting their hero, and Danko died.

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Problems of fidelity, love, devotion, self-sacrifice. In the story “Garnet Bracelet” by A.I. Kuprin consider this problem through the image of Zheltkov. His whole life revolved around Vera Sheina. As a sign of his fiery love, Zheltkov gives the most precious thing - Garnet bracelet. But the hero is by no means pitiful, and the depth of his feelings, the ability to sacrifice himself deserves not only sympathy, but also admiration. Zheltkov rises above the entire society of the Sheins, where true love would never arise.

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Problems of compassion, mercy, self-confidence The heroine of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Sonya Marmeladova with her compassion saves Rodion Raskolnikov from spiritual death. She gets him to turn himself in and then goes with him to hard labor, helping Rodion with her love to find his lost faith.

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The problem of compassion, mercy, fidelity, faith, love Compassion and mercy are important components of the image of Natasha Rostova. Natasha, like no one else in the novel, knows how to give people happiness, love selflessly, giving all of herself without a trace. It is worth remembering how the author describes her in the days of separation from Prince Andrei: “Natasha did not want to go anywhere and, like a shadow, idle and sad, walked around the rooms...”. She is life itself. Even the trials endured did not harden the soul, but strengthened it.

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The problem of a callous and soulless attitude towards a person was subjected to cruel treatment main character works by A. Platonov “Yushka”. He is only forty years old, but to those around him he seems like a very old man. An incurable disease made him old before his time. Callous, soulless and cruel people surround him: children laugh at him, and adults, when they have trouble, take out their anger on him. They mercilessly mock a sick person, beat him, humiliate him. By scolding for disobedience, adults scare children with the fact that when they grow up, they will become like Yushka.

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The problem of human spirituality Alyoshka, the hero of A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich,” is just an example spiritual person. He went to prison because of his faith, but did not abandon it; on the contrary, this young man defended his truth and tried to convey it to other prisoners. Not a single day passed without reading the Gospel, copied into an ordinary notebook.

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Problems of bribery and philistinism. A striking example is the heroes of N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”. For example, the mayor Skvoznik - Dmukhanovsky, a bribe taker and embezzler who deceived three governors in his time, was convinced that any problems can be solved with the help of money and the ability to “splurge”

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Throughout life, a person is faced with situations every day when he needs to make choices that have a direct impact on life in the future. Often it is based on the fact that you have to compare good and bad and take one side.

What is moral choice?

A lot is said about a person by his actions and especially by situations when it is necessary to take the side of good or evil, and this is called a moral choice. An example is the opposition between loyalty and betrayal, help or indifference, and so on. WITH early childhood parents tell their children what is good and what is bad. Moral choice a person depends on his character, specific situation, upbringing and other important aspects.

Why is moral choice important?

Each person has the right to independently decide what to do in a given situation, based on the concepts of good and evil. From such situations one can judge his moral and ethical attitudes. It is worth understanding why a moral choice is needed and what impact it has, so by taking steps in the chosen direction, a person forms his own and the opinions of those around him about him. Moral choices can influence the development of nations, as presidents often make choices based on their own morality.

What is a person's moral choice?

Conscience is the basis of morality, when there is a clear understanding of what is acceptable and unacceptable in life. Another important point, which is worth dwelling on - what determines a person’s moral choice, and the future depends on it, since every decision has consequences. People who choose the path of evil will go down, and those who decide to live in goodness, on the contrary, will move up.

Many people mistakenly believe that moral choice implies a certain set of restrictions that encroach on a person’s freedom and prevent him from exercising his freedom. In fact, it only sets the direction where it is better for a person to move in order to grow spiritually and develop as a person. It has been historically proven that during periods of spiritual flourishing, civilization, culture and morality were most developed.

What does a person’s moral choice depend on?

Unfortunately, but in modern world morality is in decline, and all due to the fact that people lack an adequate understanding of good and evil. Personality formation should begin from early childhood. The moral choice in a person’s life depends on upbringing, level of knowledge, consciousness, education, and so on. The environment in which a person grows and lives also has an influence, for example, family situation and interaction with society. In situations where one has to make a choice in favor of good or evil, the essence of people is revealed, that is, their fundamental principle of conscience.

The concept of “moral choice” indicates that it must be conscious. In any society, human behavior is considered by analyzing behavior, actions, attitudes towards various things and freedom of choice. Psychologists believe that willpower is no less important, and if a person possesses it, then he will most likely never face the problem of moral choice.

What depends on moral choice?

A person’s actions shape his life and future, therefore, the moral choice depends on which path a man will go. For example, if a situation arises in which it is necessary to lie or tell the truth, then each option will depend on further development situations. Another important point that is worth paying attention to is what a moral choice requires from a person, and so in order to make the right decision, you need to think carefully about everything, weigh the pros and cons and be sure to think about the consequences.

Moral standards and moral choice

Psychologists say that morality is an important guide in life to determine the right moral direction. By taking the side of good, a person strives for personal integrity and achieving harmony in relationships with people around him and within himself. Evil, on the contrary, corrupts the inner world. Moral choice modern man faces various trials and temptations, and one can increasingly hear the motto - survival of the fittest.

Moral choice in an extreme situation

When a person finds himself in an extreme situation, he can make a decision that he would never make in ordinary life. If the behavior does not differ in any way from usual conditions, then it is considered that this is an indicator of morality. In any situation, you must act according to your conscience, knowing that you will have to answer for all decisions. There are main signs of moral choice, in which five components can be distinguished:

1. Motive. Before you make a decision, you need to understand why this is being done.
2. Target. It is equally important to consider intentions, that is, what you want to get in the end.
3. Means to achieve the goal. The morality of an action implies the correct relationship between the goal and the means to achieve it. IN modern life Most people live by the principle that the end justifies the means, but more often than not this is the wrong path.
4. Choice. To understand the moral side of the issue, it is important to take into account the circumstances in which one had to act, that is, voluntarily or under duress.
5. Result. It is important to analyze the result in order to draw appropriate conclusions about the correctness of the choice.

Books about moral choice

There are many literary works, which choose morality as their main topic.

1. “Live and Remember” V.G. Rasputin. The book includes several stories in which the problem of conscience and the correctness of choice is acute.
2. “The Little Mistress of the Big House” D. London. This work is based on “ love triangle" The novel has a lot of intrigue, but at the same time it is imbued with noble and honest actions.
3. “Eugene Onegin” A.S. Pushkin. This work contains the problem of moral choice, which Tatyana faced when she received a love letter from Onegin.

Life is a series of choices, the future fate of a person depends on them. It is often difficult to do this, since you need to choose between a convenient and fair option; if you prefer the latter, some privileges are lost. This problem is touched upon in art and is found everywhere in life.

Arguments from literature

1. (51 words) Pyotr Grinev, the hero of A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter,” was guided in his life by the proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” When Grinev was faced with a choice: to go over to the side of the rebel Emelyan Pugachev or to remain faithful to the oath, he chose the latter, despite the fact that he could be killed for this. His decision is moral, as it is based on virtue.
2. (46 words) In the story by A.S. Pushkin “Shot” (from the cycle “Belkin’s Tale”) Silvio long years he was waiting for revenge, he wanted to kill his arrogant rival when he was afraid to die. And now the enemy is having a good honeymoon, and Silvio points a gun at him. But the main character chose pardon, having committed a highly moral act.
3. (60 words) In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" the hero hesitated: whether to accept Tatyana's feelings or reject her. On the one hand, the girl loved him like no one else, but, on the other hand, what could he give her? There were no such feelings in response, and pretending to love would only ruin the heroine’s life. And Evgeny gave her a harsh rebuke, but made a choice in favor of a moral act.
4. (60 words) The hero of the poem M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov,” faced a choice: to bear the insult inflicted on his wife, or to wash it off with the blood of the offender. The merchant chose a duel and killed Kiribeevich, but for this he was executed himself. But with his victory he was still able to ensure her safety. His decision is moral, because he protected his family at the cost of his life.
5. (52 words) In the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" Grushnitsky and his cronies planned to kill Pechorin using forgery in a duel (the main character's gun would not be loaded). Such a vile act could not go unpunished; Pechorin found out about the impending vileness, outwitted Grushnitsky and killed him himself. Thus, immoral choices will never lead to victory.
6. (48 words) In the fairy tale by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s “The Wise Minnow” the hero faced a major choice: full life, but dangerous, or a miserable existence, but safe. The gudgeon climbed into a hole where no one could reach him, but at the same time all the best passed him by. His choice is immoral because it is based on cowardice and selfishness.
7. (40 words) In the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Chameleon" Ochumelov chooses between official duty and respect for rank. The dog that bit the jeweler Khryukin becomes either guilty or innocent depending on who its owner is. Unfortunately, officials often make immoral choices in order to please the “right people.”
8. (47 words) The hero of the story is M.A. Sholokhov’s “The Fate of Man” always acts according to his conscience. For example, when there was a traitor next to him who was going to hand over his commissar to the Nazis, Sokolov killed him. So Andrei saved not only this commissar, but also many other people who would have been destroyed by a traitor. This is a difficult but moral choice.
9. (49 words) The main character of the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky’s “Vasily Terkin” in the chapter “Crossing” is faced with a choice: to swim across a cold river under enemy fire in order to establish communication, or to step aside, because someone else may be found. Terkin swam and saved the whole company. Moreover, the hero did not even expect a reward, he simply did it because he had to.
10. (58 words) In the story by V.P. Astafiev "Horse with pink mane“The boy picked strawberries to sell, then ate them, and put grass in place of the berries. The hero was very tormented by his conscience. The grandmother, who brought strawberries to the market, was disgraced when, after the sale, she began to pour the berries. However, the young hero repented, and his grandmother forgave him. For real moral person always returns to the path of virtue, even if he makes a mistake in his choice.

Examples from life

1. (46 words) Moreau, the main character of R. Nugmanov’s film “The Needle,” faced a choice: to defend his beloved girl against the drug mafia or to surrender. Moreau chose the first, tried to get Dina out of the vicious circle, and when that didn’t work out, he decided to punish the criminals. His choice is moral feat, because he sacrificed himself to save another person.
2. (43 words) Rose, main character D. Cameron's film "Titanic", faced a choice between a respectable life and love. The heroine chose the second, so she got several days of happiness with Jack. Choosing true love, a person becomes happy and virtuous, but an immoral choice in favor of greed does not promise happiness.
3. (53 words) Driss, the main character of O. Nakash’s film “1+1,” lived in a poor area on unemployment benefits, not wanting to change anything. He stood at a crossroads: continue this existence or try to change it for the better. He began to work, helping the disabled person get a taste for life. By helping him, he helped himself, because a moral choice always turns out good.
4. (52 words) Nikita Tyukin was swimming in the Chagan River, but his calm was interrupted by a scream. The girl was drowning, she had to choose quickly. And Nikita decided to rescue the drowning woman. It turned out that the girl had a friend with her who had already sunk to the bottom. The young hero saved her too. By making a choice in favor of a moral act, he saved two lives, although he risked his own.
5. (52 words) Little Zhenya Oshchepkov was taking a bath on an ordinary Sunday. Coming out of the bathroom, the child discovered that his parents were lying unconscious on the floor. The boy was not at a loss, but called his grandmother. And then he lost consciousness because carbon monoxide had accumulated in the house. However right choice Zhenya saved the whole family, the grandmother called the police and firefighters.
6. (49 words) The rector of the Assumption Church, Evgeny Mozyakov, accidentally witnessed the tragedy: a boy fell into a fire well, they could not pull him out, since the child could not catch the fire hose. The priest jumped into the well, put Vanya on his shoulders, and he was saved. The man risked himself, but the reward for his moral act was a saved life.
7. (56 words) An elderly woman was attacked on the street with a knife and demanded to give her money. A young man passing by could pretend not to hear anything, but he stood up for the victim. The modest hero didn’t even say his name; he doesn’t need gratitude. But his choice helped not only the pensioner, but also himself, because the young man avoided pangs of conscience.
8. (63 words) Once, in the company of a friend of mine, they offered to smoke a narcotic mixture. They tried to persuade her for a long time, they even threatened that they would stop communicating with her if she fell behind the team. But the girl adequately assessed the situation and left the party, and one of those who agreed ended up in the hospital. Under pressure from others, it is difficult to make the right choice, but you need to think about yourself, and not about public opinion.
9. (57 words) One of my friends bought answers to exams via the Internet. This person spent about ten thousand rubles, and on the eve of the exam the seller deleted his page from social network and didn’t get in touch. So a friend of mine, having made the wrong choice and hoping for answers, did not pass the Unified State Exam. When choosing, it is better to always rely on virtue, because the price for a mistake is too high.
10. (62 words) A few years ago, I accidentally forgot my phone in my jacket when I handed it in to the school cloakroom. After class, I didn’t find it in my pocket. However, a week later, a random passer-by found this phone lying in a snowdrift. He could have taken it for himself, but he made a different choice by calling my mom's number and returning it to me. For this I am still grateful to that person.

It is sometimes difficult to make the right choice, since you pay for it with your own conveniences and benefits. But, without doing it, you are deprived of something much more important - peace, because conscience is the strictest judge of a person; it will remind you of a wrong action for years.

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