In the novel there are two parallel storylines: the first is the story of how Satan and his retinue visited Moscow in the 1930s, and the second is the story of Yeshua Ha-Nozri (as Jesus Christ is called in the novel) and Pontius Pilate, who sent an innocent preacher against his will and healer to death.

We can rightfully call the first storyline the fruit of the writer’s great talent and magnificent imagination. As for the second, that is, the story of Jesus Christ and Pontius Pilate, it has been exciting the minds of mankind for two thousand years. Let's see how Bulgakov managed to embody this eternal plot on the pages of his novel.

Jesus of Nazareth is introduced in the novel under the name Yeshua Ha-Nozri. Sometimes, even now, one can still hear reproaches addressed to Bulgakov for the fact that this character is not named Jesus. It seems that this reproach is unfair, since the name “Jesus” is a Greek transcription of the Hebrew name “Yeshua.” So in this case, the author of the novel fully follows the historical truth.

Yeshua Ha-Nozri is represented in the image young man, a wandering preacher who, following the denunciation of Judas, was arrested and sentenced to death by the Sanhedrin (the supreme court of spiritual authority).

But this sentence must be approved by the Roman procurator, who at that time was Pontius Pilate.

It is in the scene of interrogation by the Roman procurator that Yeshua Ha-Nozri appears for the first time on the pages of the novel. Answering Pilate's questions, Yeshua calls him a “good man,” which irritates the Roman governor, who is tormented by terrible headaches. After the blow of the whip, the arrested person begins to call the procurator “hegemon,” although the words “good man” continue to be on his tongue. Even punishment does not force Yeshua to change his opinion that all people on earth are “ good people": both Judas, who betrayed him, and the centurion Mark the Ratboy, who had just tortured him.

The interrogation continues, and we learn that, while preaching, Yeshua traveled from city to city. When asked by the procurator whether the arrested person called for the destruction of the temple of the city of Yershalaim (as Jerusalem is called in the novel), he replies that he did not persuade anyone to do these senseless actions.

Ha-Nozri also speaks with alarm that the people who listened to him learned nothing and got everything mixed up. One person follows him all the time, the former tax collector Levi Matvey, who constantly writes. But one day Yeshua looked into that parchment and was horrified - he didn’t say anything that was written there!

Pilate has such a terrible headache that every word of the arrested man irritates him immensely. And when Yeshua starts talking about the truth, Pilate tries to interrupt him... But suddenly he hears from the lips of Ha-Nozri the truth that has been tormenting him since the morning: his headache is so strong that the procurator is even thinking about suicide. And after a few moments the pain subsides. Pilate is shocked: this inconspicuous wandering philosopher also turned out to be a great doctor! But Yeshua claims that he is not a doctor. In addition, he speaks with impudence unheard of for such a situation about Pilate’s loneliness and the fact that he seems to him a reasonable person. These simple words the arrested person makes a revolution in the soul of the cruel procurator. He understands that Yeshua, whoever he is - a prophet or a great healer - must be saved.

But then another denunciation lands on the table, this time from Judas of Kiriath. The denunciation contains information that Yeshua Ha-Nozri allowed himself to say that any power is violence against people and that someday there will be neither the power of Caesar nor any other power. And this is already a state crime!

Yeshua meekly asks Pilate to let him go, as he feels that they want to kill him. For the first time, alarm sounds in the prisoner's voice. But Pilate turns out to be a slave of circumstances. He cannot risk his career because of the unwise words of a traveling preacher. Having glorified the name of Emperor Tiberius so that everyone can hear, the procurator confirms the death sentence.

So, how does Yeshua Ha-Nozri appear before us on the pages of the novel? Of course, contrary to the Gospel version, he cannot be called a “God-man” here. He is a man of flesh and blood, weak physically, but unusually strong spiritually. And the procurator of Judea felt his talent as a great healer.

But Yeshua cannot be called an “ordinary” person either. He is a man, but a great man. And he became great thanks to his boundless mercy. Yeshua forgives the informer Judas, forgives the executioners, and forgives Pontius Pilate, without whose participation the death sentence could not be carried out. Only before his death did he mention that cowardice is one of the greatest vices. And these words became known to the procurator.

Pilate himself cannot forgive himself for his actions until the end of his life and even after death - in the afterlife. His image is one of the most profound, complex and contradictory in the novel. A man undoubtedly brave and courageous, and also endowed with enormous power, Pontius Pilate, nevertheless, admits weakness and even shows cowardice, condemning to death a man whose innocence he does not doubt for a minute.

But he is also the first of the few who show sympathy for the convicted Yeshua Ha-Nozri. Moreover, according to Bulgakov’s version, it was Pilate who gave the order to kill Yeshua on the cross so that his torment would not last too long. The main thing can no longer be changed, but the procurator strives to change at least minor circumstances.

It is Pilate who also orders the death of the informer Judas and the return of the “cursed money” washed in blood to the high priest. In these actions of the procurator one can discern a desire to somehow atone for his guilt in order to appease the remorse that torments him even more cruelly than even the unbearable headache cured by Yeshua the day before.

Pilate sacrificed the life of Ha-Nozri in order not to ruin his own career. In this case, he acted like a “far-sighted politician.” However, Pilate the man cannot forgive Pilate the politician, and this internal conflict is deeply tragic.

In the dream that the procurator saw on that fateful night, and in the great many dreams that he has yet to see both in this and the next world, Pilate would most like that this shameful execution did not take place. The procurator sees the face of Yeshua in front of him, who is walking next to him along the lunar road, and asks him: “Tell me, there was no execution?!” “Of course it wasn’t,” Ga-Nozri answers and for some reason hides his smile.

It was the influence of Yeshua that allowed the powerful procurator to cast aside class prejudices and talk on an equal footing with Yeshua’s disciple, the former tax collector Levi Matthew (one of the apostles, the Evangelist Matthew, is depicted in the novel under this name).

Levi Matthew is not afraid of the all-powerful Roman governor. On the contrary, it is Pilate who is timid in conversation with him. After what Matthew Levi experienced on Bald Mountain during the execution of Yeshua and after it, he has nothing to fear in this life.

Levi is the only student of Ha-Notsri described in the novel. Before he set out to travel with a wandering philosopher, he was a tax collector - a representative of the most despised profession at that time. Yeshua's speeches made such a deep impression on him that he threw the collected money on the road - an incident whose reality Pontius Pilate could not believe during the interrogation of Ha-Nozri.

Following his teacher, Matthew Levi began to write the world's first Gospel. But, as we already know, Yeshua himself was extremely dissatisfied and even frightened by what he read in his disciple’s notes. And the point, apparently, is not that Levi deliberately distorted the meaning of the teacher’s words. He most likely tried to convey the words correctly, but the hidden meaning of Yeshua’s speeches eluded him. This, by the way, was also understood by Pontius Pilate, who reproached Levi for being too cruel towards him: “You have not learned anything from what he taught you.”

Levi Matvey is the second character in the novel who wants to save Yeshua Ha-Nozri. For this purpose, he steals a sharp knife from a bread shop and rushes as fast as he can to Bald Mountain in order to be in time before the execution begins and, at the cost of his own life, to snatch his teacher from the hands of the executioners. But he was too late: the execution had already begun.

The shocked Levi Matvey, until Yeshua's death, remains under the scorching sun not far from the place of execution. He prays to God for only one thing: “Send him death!” But God is deaf to his prayers, and then Levi curses God himself.

Then, when, according to the secret order of Pilate, the condemned are killed with the executioner’s spear and the guards leave Bald Mountain, Matthew Levi, almost mad with despair, removes Yeshua’s body from the cross in order to bury him himself, according to custom.

During a conversation with Pontius Pilate, Matthew Levi does not hide his intention to kill Judas. However, the procurator of Judea himself was already ahead of him in this.

Later we meet again on the pages of the novel with Levi Matvey. He appears as Yeshua's messenger on the Sparrow Hills and asks Woland to take the Master and Margarita with him, giving them peace. Levi Matvey is still the same - gloomy and angry, a smile never seems to appear on his face. And the prince of darkness does not hide his contempt for this messenger of the forces of Light. Unlike his teacher, Levi Matvey never learned to smile.

Judas from Kiriath (in canonical texts - Judas Iscariot) is in the novel the direct culprit in the death of Yeshua Ha-Nozri. It was his denunciation that tipped the “scales of justice” towards execution. Feigning interest in the teachings of Yeshua, he invited him to visit him, where he provoked the philosopher to talk about the imperfection of all power.

It is interesting that Pontius Pilate, who had never seen Judas, at first imagines him in the guise of a greedy old man, like Pushkin’s stingy knight or Gogol's Plyushkin. Apparently, the procurator, who has seen a lot in his time, cannot comprehend how a young and outwardly attractive man could decide to commit a vile betrayal solely for the sake of money.

The head of the secret service, Afranius, convinces the procurator of the opposite: Judas is young, but he really has one passion - the passion for money. However, Afranius kept silent about Judas’s other secret passion - he is in love with the beautiful Nisa. The first passion led this man to crime, and the second - to death. It is with the help of Nisa that Afranius lures Judas out of the city, and then, together with his assistants, kills him.

So, in Bulgakov’s novel, Judas is not at all a disciple of Yeshua. But does this make his crime any less heinous? I think not.

At the time when the novel “The Master and Margarita” was written, that is, in the 1930s, the practice of denunciation, unfortunately, became an integral part of the life of the country. Denunciations were written against neighbors, work colleagues, managers, casual acquaintances... One such denunciation was enough to send the victim to “places not so remote”, and often doomed to death. And Bulgakov himself knew firsthand what it was like to become a victim of denunciation. He himself suffered a lot from the Judases of his day.

Therefore, it is no coincidence that in the “Moscow” chapters of the novel such characters as Aloysius Mogarych, on whose denunciation the Master was arrested, appeared; Baron Meigel, who, serving as an informant, had the imprudence to begin surveillance of Woland himself.

These characters, undoubtedly, are the heirs and continuers of the evil tradition of Judah from Kiriath. And such episodic characters as Annushka or Nikanor Bosogo’s neighbor Timofey Kvastsov also evoke the image of Judas.

Undoubtedly, one should also note the place in which the action of the “biblical” chapters of the novel takes place. The city of Yershalaim, the prototype of which, of course, was Jerusalem at the beginning of our era, is mysterious, gloomy and ominous. The crowd of people rejoices over the Easter holiday, but no one except two people (Matthew Levi and Pontius Pilate) empathizes with the fate of Yeshua Ha-Nozri, innocently executed along with the criminals. The residents of Yershalaim are still blind.

The image of Yershalaim is comparable to the image of Moscow in the thirties. Both cities are metropolises of their era, “the sea of ​​people.” It is no coincidence that Woland organizes a performance to look at Muscovites “en masse,” as he apparently once looked at the residents of Yershalaim.

Yes, the faces of executioners, spies, procurators, who know no pity or remorse, still flash in the crowd. But at the same time, the Moscow public still asks to spare the annoying entertainer Bengalsky, whose head was just torn off (by the way, by the verdict of the same public) by Behemoth and Koroviev. “People are like people,” Woland admits, and mercy sometimes knocks on their hearts...” And if so, then the ray of hope still has not gone out.

Of course, the text of Bulgakov’s novel is very different from the canonical gospel narrative. The images of Jesus, Matthew, Pilate, and Judas were given many new features. But, it seems, the great idea of ​​Christianity did not suffer from this, but was even enriched, for great artist has the right to his own interpretation of the eternal plot.

Master and Margarita. This is the first thing that comes to mind when they pronounce the name of Mikhail Bulgakov. This is due to the popularity of the work, which raises the question of eternal values, such as good and evil, life and death, etc.

“The Master and Margarita” is an unusual novel, because the theme of love is touched upon only in the second part. It seems that the writer was trying to prepare the reader for the correct perception. The love story of the Master and Margarita is a kind of challenge to the surrounding everyday life, a protest against passivity, a desire to resist various circumstances.

In contrast to the theme of Faust, Mikhail Bulgakov makes it Margarita, and not the Master, who contacts the devil and finds herself in the world of black magic. It was Margarita, so cheerful and restless, who turned out to be the only character who dared to make a dangerous deal. To meet her beloved, she was ready to risk anything. This is how the love story of the Master and Margarita began.

Creation of a novel

Work on the novel began around 1928. The work was originally called “The Romance of the Devil.” At that time, the names of the Master and Margarita were not even in the novel.

After 2 years, Bulgakov decided to thoroughly return to his main work. Initially, Margarita enters the novel, and then the Master. After 5 years, the well-known title “The Master and Margarita” appears.

In 1937, Mikhail Bulgakov rewrote the novel. This takes about 6 months. The six notebooks he wrote became the first complete handwritten novel. After a few minutes he is already dictating his novel onto a typewriter. Huge amounts of work were completed in less than a month. This is the story of the writing. "Master and Margarita", great novel, ends in the spring of 1939, when the author corrects a paragraph in the last chapter and dictates a new epilogue, which has survived to this day.

Later, Bulgakov had new ideas, but there were no corrections.

The story of the Master and Margarita. Briefly about dating

The meeting of two lovers was quite unusual. Walking down the street, Margarita was carrying a bouquet of rather strange flowers in her hands. But the Master was struck not by the bouquet, not by Margarita’s beauty, but by the endless loneliness in her eyes. At that moment, the girl asked the Master if he liked her flowers, but he replied that he preferred roses, and Margarita threw the bouquet into a ditch. Later, the Master will tell Ivan that love broke out between them suddenly, comparing it to the killer in the alley. Love was indeed unexpected and was not intended for a happy ending - after all, the woman was married. The master at that time was working on a book, which the editors did not accept. And it was important for him to find a person who could understand his work and feel his soul. It was Margarita who became that person, sharing all his feelings with the Master.

It becomes clear where the sadness in the girl’s eyes comes from after she admits that she went out that day to find her love, otherwise she would have been poisoned, because a life in which there is no love is joyless and empty. But the story of the Master and Margarita does not end there.

The origin of feeling

After meeting her lover, Margarita’s eyes sparkle, the fire of passion and love burns in them. The master is next to her. One day, when she was sewing a black hat for her beloved, she embroidered the yellow letter M on it. And from that moment she began to call him Master, urging him on and predicting glory for him. Re-reading the novel, she repeated the phrases that stuck in her soul and concluded that her life was in that novel. But it contained the life not only of hers, but also of the Master.

But the Master never managed to publish his novel; he was subjected to harsh criticism. Fear filled his mind, developing. Watching the grief of his beloved, Margarita also changed for the worse, turned pale, lost weight and did not laugh at all.

One day the Master threw the manuscript into the fire, but Margarita snatched what was left from the oven, as if trying to preserve their feelings. But this did not happen, the Master disappeared. Margarita is left alone again. But the story of the novel “The Master and Margarita” was One day a black magician appeared in the city, the girl dreamed of the Master, and she realized that they would definitely see each other again.

The appearance of Woland

For the first time he appears in front of Berlioz, who in a conversation reject the divinity of Christ. Woland is trying to prove that both God and the Devil exist in the world.

Woland's task is to extract the genius of the Master and the beautiful Margarita from Moscow. He and his retinue provoke unfaithful acts among Muscovites and convince people that they will go unpunished, but then he himself punishes them.

Long-awaited meeting

On the day when Margarita had a dream, she met Azazello. It was he who hinted to her that a meeting with the Master was possible. But she was given a choice: turn into a witch or never see her loved one. For a loving woman, this choice did not seem difficult; she was ready to do anything just to see her beloved. And as soon as Woland asked how he could help Margarita, she immediately asked for a meeting with the Master. At that moment, her lover appeared in front of her. It would seem that the goal has been achieved, the story of the Master and Margarita could have ended, but the connection with Satan does not end well.

Death of the Master and Margarita

It turned out that the Master was out of his mind, so the long-awaited date did not bring joy to Margarita. And then she proves to Woland that the Master is worthy to be cured, and asks Satan about it. Woland fulfills Margarita’s request, and she and the Master return to their basement again, where they begin to dream about their future.

After this, the lovers drink Falernian wine brought by Azazello, not knowing that it contains poison. They both die and fly away with Woland to another world. And although this is where the love story of the Master and Margarita ends, the love itself remains eternal!

Unusual Love

The love story of the Master and Margarita is quite unusual. First of all, because Woland himself acts as the lovers’ assistant.

The fact is that when love visited, events began to develop completely differently than we would like. It turns out that all the world for the couple not to be happy. And it is at this moment that Woland appears. The relationship between lovers depends on the book written by the Master. At that moment when he tries to burn everything written, he still does not realize that the manuscripts do not burn, due to the fact that they contain truth. The master returns after Woland gives the manuscript to Margarita.

The girl completely surrenders to the great feeling, and this is the biggest problem of love. The Master and Margarita reached the highest level of spirituality, but for this Margarita had to give up her soul to the Devil.

Using this example, Bulgakov showed that each person should make his own destiny and not ask for any help from higher powers.

The work and its author

The master is considered an autobiographical hero. The Master's age in the novel is about 40 years old. Bulgakov was the same age when he wrote this novel.

The author lived in the city of Moscow on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street in building 10, in apartment 50, which became the prototype of the “bad apartment.” The Music Hall in Moscow served as the Variety Theater, which was located nearby the “bad apartment.”

The writer’s second wife testified that the prototype of the Behemoth cat was their pet Flushka. The only thing the author changed about the cat was the color: Flushka was a gray cat, and Behemoth was a black cat.

The phrase “Manuscripts don’t burn” was used more than once by Bulgakov’s favorite writer, Saltykov-Shchedrin.

The love story of the Master and Margarita has become real and will remain an object of discussion for many centuries.

The novel “The Master and Margarita” closely intertwines themes of history and religion, creativity and everyday life. But the most important place in the novel is occupied by the love story of the master and Margarita. This storyline adds tenderness and poignancy to the work. Without the theme of love, the image of the master would not be possible to fully reveal. Unusual genre works - a novel within a novel - allows the author to simultaneously distinguish and combine the biblical and lyrical lines, develop them fully in two parallel worlds.

Fatal meeting

The love between the master and Margarita flared up as soon as they saw each other. “Love jumped out between us, like a killer jumps out of the ground... and struck us both at once!” - this is what the master tells Ivan Bezdomny in the hospital, where he ends up after the critics rejected his novel. He compares the surging feelings to lightning or a sharp knife: “That’s how lightning strikes! This is how amazing a Finnish knife is!”

The master first saw his future beloved on a deserted street. She attracted his attention because she “carried in her hands disgusting, alarming yellow flowers».

These mimosas became a signal to the master that his muse was in front of him, with loneliness and fire in his eyes.

Both the master and the unhappy wife of a rich but unloved husband, Margarita, were completely alone in this world before their strange meeting. As it turns out, the writer was previously married, but he doesn’t even remember his name ex-wife, about which she doesn’t keep any memories or warmth in her soul. And he remembers everything about Margarita, the tone of her voice, the way she spoke when she came, and what she did in his basement room.

After their first meeting, Margarita began to come to her lover every day. She helped him work on the novel, and she herself lived from this work. For the first time in her life, her inner fire and inspiration found their purpose and application, just as the masters listened and understood for the first time, because from the first meeting they spoke as if they had parted yesterday.

Completing the master's novel became a test for them. But the already born love was destined to pass this and many other tests in order to show the reader that a real kinship of souls exists.

Master and Margarita

The true love of the master and Margarita in the novel is the embodiment of the image of love in Bulgakov’s understanding. Margarita is not just a favorite and loving woman, she is the muse, she is the author’s inspiration and his own pain, materialized in the image of Margarita the witch, who in righteous anger destroys the apartment of an unjust critic.

The heroine loves the master with all her heart, and seems to breathe life into his small apartment. My inner strength and she gives energy to her lover’s novel: “she chanted and loudly repeated individual phrases... and said that this novel was her life.”

The refusal to publish the novel, and later the devastating criticism of the unknown passage that ended up in print, equally painfully wounds both the master and Margarita. But, if the writer is broken by this blow, then Margarita is overcome by insane rage, she even threatens to “poison Latunsky.” But the love of these lonely souls continues to live its own life.

Test of love

In the novel “The Master and Margarita,” love is stronger than death, stronger than the master’s disappointment and Margarita’s anger, stronger than Woland’s tricks and the condemnation of others.

This love is destined to pass through the flames of creativity and the cold ice of critics, it is so strong that it cannot find peace even in heaven.

The characters are very different, the master is calm, thoughtful, he has a soft character and a weak, vulnerable heart. Margarita, on the other hand, is strong and sharp; more than once Bulgakov uses the word “flame” to describe her. Fire burns in her eyes and brave, strong heart. She shares this fire with the master, she breathes this flame into the novel, and even the yellow flowers in her hands resemble lights against the backdrop of a black coat and slushy spring. The master embodies reflection, thought, while Margarita embodies action. She is ready to do anything for the sake of her beloved, and sell her soul, and become the queen of the devil's ball.

The strength of the feelings of the master and Margarita is not only in love. They are so close spiritually that they simply cannot exist separately. Before their meeting, they did not experience happiness; after parting, they would never have learned to live separately from each other. That is why, probably, Bulgakov decides to end the lives of his heroes, in return giving them eternal peace and solitude.

conclusions

Against the background of the biblical story of Pontius Pilate, the love story of the master and Margarita seems even more lyrical and poignant. This is the love for which Margarita is ready to give her soul, since she is empty without her loved one. Being insanely lonely before they met, the characters gain understanding, support, sincerity and warmth. This feeling is stronger than all the obstacles and bitterness that befalls the fate of the main characters of the novel. And it is precisely this that helps them find eternal freedom and eternal peace.

Descriptions of love experiences and the history of relationships between the main characters of the novel can be used by 11th grade students when writing an essay on the topic “The Love of the Master and Margarita”

Work test

In this article we will look at the novel that Bulgakov created in 1940 - “The Master and Margarita”. A brief summary of this work will be brought to your attention. You will find a description of the main events of the novel, as well as an analysis of the work “The Master and Margarita” by Bulgakov.

Two storylines

There are two storylines in this work that develop independently. In the first of them, the action takes place in Moscow in May (several days of the full moon) in the 30s of the 20th century. In the second storyline, the action also takes place in May, but already in Jerusalem (Yershalaim) about 2000 years ago - at the beginning new era. The chapters of the first line echo the second.

The appearance of Woland

One day Woland appears in Moscow, introducing himself as a specialist in black magic, but in reality he is Satan. A strange retinue accompanies Woland: this is Gella, a vampire witch, Koroviev, a cheeky type, also known by the nickname Fagot, the sinister and gloomy Azazello and Behemoth, a cheerful fat man, appearing mainly in the form of a huge black cat.

Death of Berlioz

At the Patriarch's Ponds, the first to meet Woland are the editor of a magazine, Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz, as well as Ivan Bezdomny, a poet who created an anti-religious work about Jesus Christ. This “foreigner” intervenes in their conversation, saying that Christ really existed. As proof that there is something beyond human understanding, he predicts that a Komsomol girl will cut off Berlioz's head. Mikhail Alexandrovich, in front of Ivan’s eyes, immediately falls under a tram driven by a Komsomol member, and his head is actually cut off. The homeless man tries unsuccessfully to pursue his new acquaintance, and then, having arrived in Massolit, he talks about what happened so confusingly that he is taken to a psychiatric clinic, where he meets the Master, the main character of the novel.

Likhodeev in Yalta

Arriving at the apartment on Sadovaya Street, occupied by the late Berliz together with Stepan Likhodeev, director of the Variety Theater, Woland, finding Likhodeev in a severe hangover, presented him with a signed contract to perform in the theater. After this, he escorts Stepan out of the apartment, and he strangely ends up in Yalta.

Incident in the house of Nikanor Ivanovich

Bulgakov's work "The Master and Margarita" continues with the fact that barefoot Nikanor Ivanovich, the chairman of the house's partnership, comes to the apartment occupied by Woland and finds Koroviev there, who asks to rent this premises to him, since Berlioz has died and Likhodeev is now in Yalta. After lengthy persuasion, Nikanor Ivanovich agrees and receives another 400 rubles in addition to the payment stipulated in the contract. He hides them in the ventilation. After this, they come to Nikanor Ivanovich to arrest him for possession of currency, since rubles have somehow turned into dollars, and he, in turn, ends up in the Stravinsky clinic.

At the same time, Rimsky, the financial director of Variety, as well as Varenukha, the administrator, are trying to find Likhodeev by phone and are perplexed when reading his telegrams from Yalta asking him to confirm his identity and send money, since he was abandoned here by the hypnotist Woland. Rimsky, deciding that he is joking, sends Varenukha to take the telegrams “to the right place,” but the administrator fails to do this: the cat Behemoth and Azazello, taking him by the arms, carry him to the above-mentioned apartment, and Varenukha faints from the kiss of the naked Gella.

Woland's presentation

What happens next in the novel that Bulgakov created (“The Master and Margarita”)? A summary of further events is as follows. Woland's performance begins on the Variety stage in the evening. The bassoon causes money to rain with a pistol shot, and the audience catches the falling money. Then a “ladies’ store” appears where you can dress for free. There is a line immediately forming into the store. But at the end of the performance, the chervonets turn into pieces of paper, and the clothes disappear without a trace, forcing women to rush through the streets in their underwear.

After the performance, Rimsky lingers in his office, and Varenukha, transformed into a vampire by the kiss of Gella, comes to him. Noticing that he does not cast a shadow, the director tries to run away, scared, but Gella comes to the rescue. She tries to open the latch on the window, and Varenukha, meanwhile, is standing guard at the door. Morning comes, and with the first crow of the rooster, the guests disappear. Rimsky, instantly turning gray, rushes to the station and leaves for Leningrad.

The Master's Tale

Ivan Bezdomny, having met the Master at the clinic, tells how he met the foreigner who killed Berlioz. The master says that he met with Satan and tells Ivan about himself. Beloved Margarita gave him this name. A historian by training, this man worked in a museum, but suddenly he won 100 thousand rubles - a huge amount. He rented two rooms located in the basement of a small house, left his job and began writing a novel about Pontius Pilate. The work was almost finished, but then he accidentally met Margarita on the street, and a feeling immediately flared up between them.

Margarita was married to a rich man, lived in a mansion on Arbat, but did not love her husband. She came to the Master every day. They were happy. When the novel was finally finished, the author took it to the magazine, but they refused to publish the work. Only an excerpt was published, and soon devastating articles appeared about it, written by critics Lavrovich, Latunsky and Ariman. Then the Master fell ill. One night he threw his creation into the oven, but Margarita snatched the last pack of sheets from the fire. She took the manuscript with her and went to her husband to say goodbye to him and in the morning to reunite with the Master forever, but a quarter of an hour after the girl left, there was a knock on the writer’s window. On a winter night, after returning home a few months later, he found that the rooms were already occupied, and went to this clinic, where he has been living for four months without a name.

Meeting of Margarita with Azazello

Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita continues with Margarita waking up with the feeling that something is about to happen. She sorts through the sheets of manuscript and then goes for a walk. Here Azazello sits down next to her and reports that some foreigner is inviting a girl to visit. She agrees, as she hopes to find out something about the Master. Margarita rubs her body with a special cream in the evening and becomes invisible, after which she flies out the window. She causes destruction in the home of the critic Latunsky. Then the girl is met by Azazelo and escorted to the apartment, where she meets Woland’s retinue and himself. Woland asks Margarita to become queen at his ball. As a reward, he promises to fulfill the girl's wish.

Margarita - queen at Woland's ball

How further events describes Mikhail Bulgakov? "The Master and Margarita" is a very multi-layered novel, and the narrative continues with the full moon ball, which begins at midnight. Criminals are invited to attend, who come in tailcoats, and the women are naked. Margarita greets them, offering her knee and hand for a kiss. The ball is over, and Woland asks what she wants to receive as a reward. Margarita asks her lover, and he immediately appears in a hospital gown. The girl asks Satan to return them to the house where they were so happy.

Some Moscow institution, meanwhile, is interested in the strange events taking place in the city. It becomes clear that they are all the work of one gang, headed by a magician, and the traces lead to Woland’s apartment.

Pontius Pilate's decision

We continue to consider the work that Bulgakov created (“The Master and Margarita”). The summary of the novel consists of the following further events. Pontius Pilate in the palace of King Herod interrogates Yeshua Ha-Nozri, who was sentenced to death by the court for insulting the authority of Caesar. Pilate was obliged to approve it. Interrogating the accused, he realizes that he is dealing not with a robber, but with a wandering philosopher who preaches justice and truth. But Pontius cannot simply release a person who is accused of acts against Caesar, so he confirms the sentence. Then he turns to Caiaphas, the high priest, who, in honor of Easter, can release one of the four sentenced to death. Pilate asks to release Ha-Nozri. But he refuses him and releases Bar-Rabban. There are three crosses on Bald Mountain, and the condemned are crucified on them. After the execution, only the former tax collector, Levi Matvey, a disciple of Yeshua, remains there. The executioner stabs the condemned to death, and suddenly a downpour falls.

The procurator summons the head of the secret service, Afranius, and instructs him to kill Judas, who received a reward for allowing Ha-Nozri to be arrested in his house. Nisa, a young woman, meets him in the city and arranges a date, where unknown men stab Judas with a knife and take his money. Afranius tells Pilate that Judas was stabbed to death and the money was planted in the high priest's house.

Levi Matthew is brought before Pilate. He shows him recordings of Yeshua's sermons. The procurator reads in them that the most serious sin is cowardice.

Woland and his retinue leave Moscow

We continue to describe the events of the work “The Master and Margarita” (Bulgakov). We return to Moscow. Woland and his retinue say goodbye to the city. Then Levi Matvey appears with an offer to take the Master to him. Woland asks why he is not accepted into the world. Levi replies that the Master did not deserve light, only peace. After some time, Azazello comes to the lovers’ house and brings wine - a gift from Satan. After drinking it, the heroes fall unconscious. At the same moment, there is turmoil in the clinic - the patient has died, and on the Arbat, in a mansion, a young woman suddenly falls to the floor.

The novel that Bulgakov created (“The Master and Margarita”) is coming to an end. Black horses carry Woland and his retinue away, and with them the main characters. Woland tells the writer that the character in his novel has been sitting on this site for 2000 years, seeing the lunar road in a dream and wanting to walk along it. The master shouts: “Free!” And the city with the garden lights up over the abyss, and a lunar road leads to it, along which the procurator runs.

A wonderful work was created by Mikhail Bulgakov. "The Master and Margarita" ends as follows. In Moscow, the investigation into the case of one gang continues for a long time, but there are no results. Psychiatrists conclude that the gang members are powerful hypnotists. After a few years, the events are forgotten, and only the poet Bezdomny, now professor Ponyrev Ivan Nikolaevich, every year on the full moon sits on the bench where he met Woland, and then, returning home, sees the same dream in which the Master and Margarita appear to him , Yeshua and Pontius Pilate.

Meaning of the work

The work “The Master and Margarita” by Bulgakov amazes readers even today, since even now it is impossible to find an analogue of a novel of this level of skill. Modern writers fail to note the reason for such popularity of the work, to highlight its fundamental, main motive. This novel is often called unprecedented for all world literature.

The author's main idea

So, we looked at the novel, it summary. Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita" also needs analysis. What is the author's main intention? The narrative takes place in two eras: the time of the life of Jesus Christ and the contemporary period of the author. Soviet Union. Bulgakov paradoxically combines these very different eras and draws deep parallels between them.

Master, main character, himself creates a novel about Yeshua, Judas, Pontius Pilate. Mikhail Afanasyevich unfolds a phantasmagoria throughout the work. The events of the present turn out to be connected in a surprising way with what has changed humanity forever. It is difficult to single out a specific topic to which M. Bulgakov devoted his work. "The Master and Margarita" touches on many eternal, sacramental issues for art. This, of course, is the theme of love, tragic and unconditional, the meaning of life, truth and justice, unawareness and madness. It cannot be said that the author directly reveals these issues; he only creates a symbolic holistic system, which is quite difficult to interpret.

The main characters are so non-standard that only their images can be the reason detailed analysis the concept of the work created by M. Bulgakov. "The Master and Margarita" is imbued with ideological and philosophical themes. This creates versatility semantic content novel written by Bulgakov. “The Master and Margarita”, as you see, touches on very large-scale and significant problems.

Out of time

The main idea can be interpreted in different ways. The Master and Ga-Nozri are two unique messiahs whose activities take place in different eras. But the Master’s life story is not so simple; his divine, bright art is also connected with dark forces, because Margarita turns to Woland to help the Master.

The novel that this hero creates is a sacred and amazing story, but the writers of the Soviet era refuse to publish it because they do not want to recognize it as worthy. Woland helps the lovers restore justice and returns to the author the work he had previously burned.

Thanks to mythological techniques and a fantastic plot, Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita" shows eternal human values. Therefore, this novel is a story outside of culture and era.

Cinema showed great interest in the creation that Bulgakov created. “The Master and Margarita” is a film that exists in several versions: 1971, 1972, 2005. In 2005, a popular mini-series of 10 episodes directed by Vladimir Bortko was released.

This concludes the analysis of the work that Bulgakov created (“The Master and Margarita”). Our essay does not reveal all the topics in detail, we just tried to succinctly highlight them. This plan can serve as a basis for writing your own composition based on this novel.

Subject."Love is life!" Development of the love plot in the novel “The Master and Margarita”.

Goals: 1) trace how the storyline of the Master - Margarita develops; reveal the beauty, kindness and sincerity of Bulgakov's heroes. 2) develop the ability to analyze, prove and disprove, draw conclusions, and think logically. 3) cultivate respect for women, honesty, humanity, optimism.

introduction teachers.

So, the novel “The Master and Margarita” is about God and the devil, about cowardice as one of the terrible vices, the indelible, terrible sin of betrayal, about Good and Evil, about repression, about the horror of loneliness, about Moscow and Muscovites, about the role of the intelligentsia in society , but first it is about the faithful and eternal, all-conquering power of love and creativity.

“Follow me, my reader! Who told you that there is no real, true, eternal love? May the liar's vile tongue be cut out!

Follow me, my reader, and I will show you such love!”

According to Bulgakov, love can withstand the elements of life. Love is “immortal and eternal.”

Do you agree with this idea?

Our task is to prove this idea by reading and analyzing individual episodes of the novel.

The master tells Ivan Bezdomny his story. This is both a story about Pontius Pilate and a love story. Margarita is an earthly, sinful woman. She can swear, flirt, she is a woman without prejudices. How did Margarita deserve the special favor of the higher powers that control the Universe? Margarita, probably one of those one hundred and twenty-two Margaritas that Koroviev spoke about, knows what love is.

The love story of the Master and Margarita is connected with the change of seasons. The time cycle in the hero's story begins in winter, when the Master won one hundred thousand rubles and, still alone, settled in a basement and began to write a novel about Pontius Pilate. Then spring comes, “the lilac bushes turn green.” “And then, in the spring, something much more delightful happened than receiving a hundred thousand,” the Master met Margarita. The “golden age” of love lasted for the heroes while “there were May thunderstorms and ... the trees in the garden shed broken branches and white brushes after the rain” while the “stuffy summer” went on. The Master's novel was completed in August, and with the onset of autumn in nature, autumn also came for the heroes. The novel was angrily received by criticism, the Master was persecuted. “In half of October” the Master fell ill. The hero burned the manuscript of the novel and was arrested that same evening following a denunciation by Aloysius Mogarych. The Master returns to his basement, where others already live, in winter, when “the snowdrifts hid the lilac bushes” and the hero lost his beloved. A new meeting of the Master and Margarita takes place in May, after the spring full moon ball.

Love is the second path to superreality, just like creativity, it leads to the comprehension of the “third dimension”. Love and creativity are what can resist the ever-existing evil. The concepts of goodness, forgiveness, understanding, responsibility, truth, and harmony are also associated with love and creativity.

Analytical reading of individual chapters of the novel.

Chapter 13 “The fact is that a year ago I wrote a novel about Pilate” - “..and Pilate flew towards the end.”

What have you learned about the Master?

Why to Ivan Bezdomny’s question “Are you a writer?” the night guest answered sternly: “I am a master”?

What does the Master’s words “It was a golden age” mean?

There, “White robe, bloody lining...” - “She came to me every day, I started waiting for her in the morning.”

Let us turn to the scene where the Master and Margarita meet. The novel about Pilate was almost completed. For the Master, everything was clear, definitely, although he was tormented by loneliness and boredom. And he went out for a walk. There were thousands of people around and disgusting yellow walls all around, and a woman was carrying disgusting yellow flowers...

What struck the Master so much about Margarita? (“an extraordinary, unprecedented loneliness in the eyes”)

Was there anything unusual in their conversation? What is unusual about the heroes' love that broke out?

The conversation is very ordinary, there is nothing unusual in it, but the Master suddenly realized that “he had loved this woman all his life.” The love of heroes is unusual, love at first sight. It strikes the heroes not as a beautiful vision “in the anxiety of worldly vanity,” but like lightning.

Teacher. Let's look at the facts. Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova, the writer’s wife, wrote in her diary: “It was in February 29, during the oil season. Some friends had a pancake party. Neither I wanted to go, nor Bulgakov, who for some reason decided that he would not go to this house. But it turned out that these people managed to interest both him and me in the lineup of guests. Well, of course, my name is his. In general, we met and were close. It was fast, unusually fast, at least on my part, love for life..."

What is the life of a writer really like at this time? At this time Bulgakov is in poverty. The author of The White Guard could not give Elena Sergeevna either fame, wealth, or position in society. His early feuilletons and stories flashed and were forgotten; “ White Guard", his plays were destroyed, let alone such things as " dog's heart”, - silence, complete silence, and only because of Stalin’s unusual love for “Days of the Turbins” this one play is being performed in the only theater in the country. Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna during the difficult, hungry years for him. And Elena Sergeevna in the early 30s was the wife of a major Soviet military leader in the Moscow Military District. Having intercepted the advance, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov once invited her for a glass of beer. We ate a hard-boiled egg. But, according to her, how festive and happy everything was.

Bulgakov never lost himself outwardly. Many of the writer’s contemporaries were simply shocked by the polished shoes, the monocle, the strict C grade, and the intolerance of familiarity. And this was at a time when, due to lack of funds, he was hired as a janitor, but a person with such “White Guard fame” was not hired as a janitor. There were also moments when I wanted to get a revolver from a hidden place. All this was not a secret either for Margarita from the novel, or for the real, smart, beautiful Elena Sergeevna.

But let's return to the heroes of the novel.

There, “Who is she?” - “...she said that this novel is her life.”

Why didn’t the Master answer Ivan’s question “Who is she?”?

What are the happiest pages of the novel? (“She came and the first thing she did was put on an apron...”)

What is happiness, since everything is more than prosaic: an apron, a kerosene stove, dirty fingers? Is it almost poverty?

Teacher: Much literature speaks about the possibility of being with a loved one in any conditions, even the most unfavorable, life convinces, and CNT reminds. You know the Russian folk proverb: “Heaven is in a hut with a darling, if only there was a darling at heart.” Mikhail Afanasyevich said with gratitude to Elena Sergeevna: "He was against me the whole world– and I’m alone. Now it’s just the two of us, and I’m not afraid of anything.” In life, as in the novel, joy and happiness do not come from wealth. Let us turn to the pages of the novel, which convince us of this.

Chapter 19. “The beloved’s name was Margarita Nikolaevna” - “She loved him, she told the truth”

Did Margarita become the only lover for the Master?

Teacher: And so the novel was written and sent to print. The master will say: “I went out into life holding him in my hands, and then my life ended.” The novel was not published, but an article appeared in the newspaper, “The Enemy’s Foray,” in which the critic warned everyone that the author “made an attempt to smuggle an apology for Jesus Christ into print.” It's a difficult time for the Master...

Chapter 13 “I got so carried away reading articles about myself...” - “Those were hers last words in my life".

What was Margarita’s complicity in the Master’s affairs?

Teacher: Roman Master was persecuted, and then the Master disappeared: he was arrested following a denunciation by Aloysius Mogarych, who wanted to occupy the Master’s apartment. The Master returned to discover that his basement apartment was occupied by Mogarych. Not wanting to cause misfortune to Margarita, realizing that he can give her nothing but love, the Master ends up in Stravinsky’s psychiatric hospital. What about Margarita?

Chapter 19. “Even I have a truthful narrator...” - “... but it was too late.”

Why does Margarita curse herself?

Could she leave the Master?

Margarita “lived in the same place,” but did her life remain the same?

Who did Margarita become for the Master?

Final words from the teacher.

Margarita experienced happiness in the Master's basement Great love, having abandoned all the temptations of the world in her name, immersed together with the Master in thoughts of completing the book, which entered the flesh and blood of her life and became her meaning. Margarita is not just the Master’s beloved, she became the guardian angel of the author of the novel about Pontius Pilate, the guardian angel of her beloved.

Lesson summary.

Subject. "Love is life!"

Goals: 1) reveal the kindness, beauty, sincerity of the feelings of Bulgakov’s heroes; 2) develop the ability to analyze, prove and disprove, draw conclusions, think logically; 3) cultivate humanity, compassion, mercy.

“... Woland defines the measure of evil, vice, and self-interest by the measure of truth, beauty, and selfless goodness. He restores his balancebetween Good and Evil and this serves the good.”

(V. A. Domansky)

I. Repetition.

How did we meet Master?And Margarita? Was it really an accident?

Tell us the “story” of their love?

How do The Master and Margarita differ from the inhabitants of Moscow in the 30s?

Were the Master and Margarita happy before meeting each other? Is it only for my beloved?
became Margarita for the Master.

Why did the Master disappear? What is the reason for this action?

He simply could not see his beloved unhappy, he could not accept her sacrifices. He's confused gives up his novel and burns it.

II. New topic.

1) The teacher's word.

Margarita remains in the dark, her feelings overwhelm her: she regrets the burned manuscript,her soul aches for the health of her loved one, hopes to cure him, to save him. Despair, confusionare replaced by determination and hope. The situation demands action.

2) Reading chapter 19 “Even I have a truthful person...” - “,.. and with a ringing sound in a dark room
the lock closed” (pp. 234-237 (484))

What feelings does Margarita experience after the disappearance of the Master?

What conclusion does she come to? What influenced this?

What does the fact that Margarita keeps the Master’s things indicate?

3) But what does Margarita do in the name of saving love?

a) ch. 19 p. 242246 (496) “The redhead looked around and said mysteriously...” - “... I agree to go to hell in the middle of nowhere.” I won’t give it up!”

b) Ch. 20 p. 247 “The cream was easy to smear” - “Goodbye. Margarita."

- How does Margarita characterize the fact that she leaves a note for her husband?

V) Ch. 20 p. 250 “At this time, behind Margarita.” - “... jumped up on the brush.”

- Who does Margarita turn into for the Master?

4) The teacher's word.

True love is always sacrificial, always heroic. No wonder so many legends have been created about her,No wonder poets write so much about her. True love conquers all obstacles. With the power of love, the sculptor Pygmalion revived the statue he created - Galatea. With the power of love, they fight off the illnesses of loved ones, carry them out of grief, and save them from death.

Margarita is a very brave, determined woman. She knows how to engage in single combat, she is ready to stand up for her happiness, to stand up at any cost, even, if necessary, to sell her soul to the devil.

The teacher’s retelling of the episode of the destruction of the critic Latunsky’s apartment.

Analysis of the scene "Satan's Ball".

A) Beginning of chapter 23 to "This will make them wither"

Whatdid Margarita have to experience this before the ball?

What advice does Koroviev give her before the ball?

b) Guests at the ball pp. 283-287 “But then suddenly something crashed below...” - “.. her face was pulled into a motionless mask of hello.”

- What were the guests like at the ball?

Notorious scoundrels gathered for the ball. Climbing the stairs, they kiss the queen's knee bala is Margot.

V) The trials that befell Margarita at the ball. Page 288 “So an hour passed and a second passedhour". - “...the flow of guests has thinned out.” pp. 289, 290.

- What physical trials did Margarita face?

Page 291-294 “She, accompanied by Koroviev, again found herself in the ballroom.” until the end of the chapter.

- What did Margarita experience at the ball? And all for what? Is the game worth the candle?

- Who did Margarita remember most at the ball and why?

Margarita had to endure many trials, probably shuddered more than once, seeing the gallows, coffins. Before her eyes there was a murder Baron Meigel. But most of all she remembered young woman with restless eyes. Once, seduced by the owner of the cafe where she worked, she gave birth and strangled a child with a handkerchief. And since then, for 300 years, when she wakes up, she sees that nasal scarf with blue border.

7) After the ball. Ch. 24 strZOO-304 “I guess it’s time for me to go...»-«... so it doesn't count, I'm nothing
I didn’t.”

Why does Margarita suffer at the ball? What is she asking Woland for? Why?

Did anyone expect this request from her? How does this episode characterize Margarita? About whatDoes this act of Margarita speak about the spiritual quality? What is higher than love for her?

Why did Woland fulfill Margarita’s request, and moreover, did he allow Margarita to express her request to Frida herself?

Everyone was touched by Margarita’s mercy when she asked Woland, almost demanded, so that they stop giving Frida that handkerchief. No one expected this request from her. Woland thought she would ask for a Master, But for this woman there is something that is higher than love.

Love for the Master? combined in the heroine with hatred of her persecutors. But even hatred is not in able to suppress mercy in her. Thus, having destroyed the apartment of the critic Latunsky and frightened the adult inhabitants of the writer’s Houses, Margarita calms a crying child,

8) Conclude what qualities the author gives to her heroine? For what purpose is shemade a deal with the devil?

Bulgakov emphasizes the uniqueness of his heroine, her boundless love for the Master, faith in his talent. In the name of love, Margarita accomplishes a feat, overcoming fear and weakness, defeating circumstances, demanding nothing for herself, she “creates her fate", following the high ideals beauty, goodness, justice, truth.

Sh. Lesson summary