On October 25, 2010, speaking at a meeting of the Presidium of the State Council on social policy regarding older citizens, Dmitry Medvedev, who held the post of president at that time, took the initiative to prepare a new law on social services. “One of the tasks of today’s Presidium of the State Council is to summarize and disseminate what is called the best regional practices. Moreover, it [the new law. – Red.] may concern not only older people, but also the entire population of our country,” the politician said then.

And such a law was adopted, and on January 1, 2015 it came into force (Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ "" (hereinafter referred to as the new law). Moreover, most of the acts previously regulating social services for citizens , lost force. In particular, the Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ " " (hereinafter referred to as the old law) and the Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ " ".

Let's consider what changes citizens need to keep in mind in connection with the entry into force of the new law.

The concept of “recipient of social services” was introduced

On January 1, the term “social service client” () disappeared from the legislation, and the concept “recipient of social services” () was introduced instead. A citizen can be recognized as a recipient of social services if he is in need of social services and is provided with social services.

A citizen is recognized as in need of social services if at least one of the following circumstances exists:

• complete or partial loss of the ability for self-care, independent movement, or provision of basic life needs due to illness, injury, age or disability;
• the presence in the family of a disabled person or disabled people who need constant outside care;
• the presence of a child or children experiencing difficulties in social adaptation;
• impossibility of providing care for a disabled person, child, children, as well as lack of care for them;
• domestic violence or intra-family conflict, including with persons with drug or alcohol addiction or addiction to gambling, persons or suffering from mental disorders;
• lack of a specific place of residence;
• lack of work and livelihood;
• the presence of other circumstances that are recognized at the regional level as worsening or capable of worsening the living conditions of citizens ().

Now information about recipients of social services is entered into a special register. Its formation is carried out by the subjects of the federation on the basis of data provided by social service providers ().

Until January 1, 2015, social services were provided to citizens in difficult life situations - the new law does not contain such a term, which makes the list of grounds for receiving assistance more unambiguous. The old law understood a difficult life situation as a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen, which he cannot overcome on his own. Usually this meant disability, inability to self-care due to old age, illness, orphanhood, neglect, poverty, unemployment, lack of a specific place of residence, conflicts and abuse in the family, loneliness, etc. ().

OPINION

"In order for the new law to work, each region must adopt 27 regulatory documents. We monitored the readiness of the regions to adopt the new law. By mid-December 2014, only 20 regions had adopted the entire necessary regulatory framework, 20 regions had adopted less than half, the rest - about half. Every day we try to do everything possible to speed up the adoption of the necessary documents by the regions."

Social service provider identified

The list of types of social services has been expanded

The new law has changed the approach to the content of the list of social services provided. Until December 31, 2014, citizens could receive material and advisory assistance, temporary shelter, social services at home and in inpatient institutions, and also had the right to daytime stay in social service institutions and rehabilitation services ().

After the new law comes into force, citizens can count on the following types of social services:

• social and household;
• socio-medical;
• socio-psychological;
• socio-pedagogical;
• social and labor;
• social and legal;
• services to increase the communicative potential of recipients of social services with disabilities;
• urgent social services ().

Urgent social services include the provision of free hot meals or food sets, clothing, shoes and other essential items, assistance in obtaining temporary housing, legal and emergency assistance. psychological assistance, as well as other urgent social services (). A citizen can count on receiving such services within the time frame determined by his need. At the same time, from January 1 of this year, citizens lost the opportunity to receive material assistance in the form of cash, fuel, special Vehicle, as well as rehabilitation services that they may have received previously ().

The procedure for calculating fees for receiving social services has been established

As before, social services can be provided free of charge or for a fee ().

• minors;
• persons affected by emergency situations, armed international (interethnic) conflicts;
• persons with an income equal to or lower than the average per capita income established by the region for the provision of social services free of charge (when receiving social services at home and in a semi-stationary form). Moreover, the amount of such income cannot be lower than one and a half times the regional subsistence minimum.

In addition, in the subjects of the federation there may be other categories of citizens to whom social services are provided free of charge ().

As we can see, unemployed citizens are excluded from the number of persons entitled to free social services (if such a category of citizens is not provided for by the law of the subject of the federation).

Previously, in order to receive free social services for single citizens, the sick, pensioners and disabled people, they needed to have an average per capita income below the regional subsistence level ().

Let's look at an example. The cost of living in the Moscow region for the third quarter of 2014 for pensioners was 6,804 rubles. (Decree of the Government of the Moscow Region dated December 10, 2014 No. 1060/48 ""). This means that before January 1, for example, a single pensioner from the Moscow region with an income of less than 6,804 rubles could apply for a free social service. per month. After the new law comes into force, the amount of income that allows you to qualify for free social services cannot be lower than one and a half times the regional subsistence level. Now, to receive a free social service, all other things being equal, the monthly income of a single pensioner must be 10,206 rubles. or less (1.5 x 6804 rubles) (Law of the Moscow Region dated December 4, 2014 No. 162/2014-OZ "").

For those who are not eligible to receive free social services, there is a fee for their provision. Its amount for services at home and in semi-stationary form is now calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 50% of the difference between the average per capita income of the recipient of social services and the maximum per capita income established by the region. The monthly fee for the provision of social services in a stationary form is calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 75% of the average per capita income of the recipient of social services ().

EXAMPLE

According to the new law, we will calculate the maximum tariff for social services in a semi-stationary form for a single pensioner from the Moscow region with a monthly income of 12 thousand rubles. Payment for social services at home and in semi-stationary form is calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 50% of the difference between the average per capita income of the recipient of social services and the maximum per capita income. The average per capita income of a pensioner is 12 thousand rubles. (only the size of his pension is taken into account, since there are no other family members with income), the maximum per capita income for a single pensioner from the Moscow region is 10,206 rubles.

Therefore, the maximum tariff for social services should be calculated using the following formula:

(RUB 12,000 - RUB 10,206) x 50% = RUB 897

Thus, from January 1, 2015, the tariff for social services provided to a pensioner at home and in a semi-stationary form cannot exceed 897 rubles. This value will change if the pensioner requires hospital treatment. The monthly fee for the provision of social services in a stationary form is calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 75% of the average per capita income of the recipient of social services.

The formula for calculating the tariff will be as follows:

12,000 rub. x 75% = 9000 rub.

Thus, the tariff for treatment in a hospital cannot be more than 9,000 rubles. per month.

Previously, the amount of fees for social services and the procedure for their provision were regulated by the authorities state power subjects of the federation and directly social services ().

The procedure for receiving social services has been changed

From the beginning of this year, in order to receive social services, a citizen must submit an application. Previously, social services were provided on the basis of an appeal - including an oral one - from a citizen, his guardian, trustee, other legal representative, government body, local government, public association (). An application for social services can be written by the citizen himself, his representative or another person (body) in his interests (). You can also submit an application by sending an electronic document, which was not provided for in the previous law.

An individual program for the provision of social services is drawn up with each recipient of social services. It specifies the form of social services, types, volume, frequency, conditions, terms of provision of social services, a list of recommended providers of social services, as well as social support activities. This program is mandatory for the social service provider and recommended for the citizen himself. In other words, the recipient of assistance can refuse some service, but the provider is obliged to provide it at the request of the recipient.

The program is drawn up within no more than 10 working days from the date of submission of the application for social services, and is revised at least once every three years (). Urgent social services are provided without preparation individual program(). Previously, the preparation of such programs was not provided for.

After drawing up an individual program and selecting a social services provider, the citizen must enter into an agreement with the provider on the provision of social services (). The contract must stipulate the provisions determined by the individual program, as well as the cost of social services if they are provided for a fee.

OPINION

Galina Karelova, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council:

“The new law will increase the number of citizens who can qualify for free social services. In addition, the quality, volume and efficiency of their provision will change. Previously, social services were provided based on a group approach. However, all citizens have different needs, income, and living conditions. Since January 1, 2015, social programs have been concluded with consumers of social services, which take into account all individual characteristics every consumer."

Social service organization identified

It is interesting that the new law spells out things that are obvious to everyone at first glance: providers of social services do not have the right to limit the rights of recipients of social services; use insults, rude treatment; place disabled children who do not suffer from mental disorders in inpatient organizations intended for disabled children suffering from mental disorders, and vice versa ().

However, it was still worth emphasizing such prohibitions. For example, numerous cases in Russia of healthy children being placed in organizations for disabled children suffering from mental disorders were noted in a report by the international human rights organization Human Rights Watch in 2014.

The approach to financing social services is fundamentally new. According to the old law, social services were provided to citizens at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the federation (). In this regard, depending on the region, the volumes of social assistance provided varied greatly. From January 1, 2015, social services are financed from the federal budget, charitable contributions and donations, citizens’ own funds (when providing social services for a fee), income from business and other income-generating activities carried out by social service organizations, as well as others not prohibited by law sources(). It is expected that this innovation will help equalize the volume of social services provided in different regions.

But there is also a fly in the ointment in the new rules. Thus, the new law does not establish any requirements for staffing social services. Let us remind you that previously only specialists with professional qualifications could be social service workers. professional education, meeting the requirements and nature of the work performed, experience in the field of social services, and inclined by their personal qualities to provide social services ().

SOCIAL SERVICE

activities for social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, carrying out social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations. S.o. is based on the following principles: a) targeting;

b) accessibility; c) voluntariness: d) humanity; e) priority of providing social services to minors. for those in difficult life situations: e) confidentiality;

g) preventive orientation. S.o. includes a set of social services (care, catering, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance, assistance in vocational training, employment, leisure activities, assistance in organizing funeral services, etc.) that are provided to citizens at home or in institutions S.o. regardless of the form of ownership.

The federal list of state-guaranteed social services is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and is revised annually; however, reduction of their volume is not allowed. On its basis, a territorial list is established, approved by the authority

executive power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

One of the main directions of S.o. in the Russian Federation - S.o. elderly citizens and disabled people. The main act regulating S.o. these categories of the population is the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ “On social services for elderly citizens and the disabled”.

S.o. elderly citizens and disabled people is carried out in the form of:

a) S.o. at home, including social and medical care; b) semi-stationary S.o. in day (night) departments of S.O. institutions;

c) stationary S.O. in inpatient institutions S.O.; d) urgent S.O.; e) social advisory assistance.

The right to S.O., exercised in the state, municipal and non-state sectors of the S.O. system, is enjoyed by elderly citizens (women over 55 years old, men over 60 years old) and disabled people (including disabled children) who are in need in permanent or temporary outside assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy one’s basic life needs due to limited ability for self-care and (or) movement.

Shcherbakov I.I.

Encyclopedia of Lawyer. 2005 .

See what “SOCIAL SERVICE” is in other dictionaries:

Providing social services by society to categories of the population in need. See also: Social protection of the population Financial Dictionary Finam... Financial Dictionary

- (social services) Part of the social security system that requires direct contact with the recipient, rather than just cash payments. A minimum level of human consumption can be achieved through cash payments to those who... Economic dictionary

Legal dictionary

Social service Official terminology

Social service- represents the activities of social services for social support, provision of social services, socio-medical, psychological-pedagogical, social-legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation... ... Dictionary of legal concepts

Social service- (English social service) in the Russian Federation, the activities of social services for social support, provision of social welfare, social medical, psychological pedagogical, social legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and... ... Encyclopedia of Law

SOCIAL SERVICE Legal encyclopedia

social services- 2.1.1 social services: Activities of social services aimed at providing social services, implementing social rehabilitation and adaptation of citizens in difficult life situations. Source: GOST R 52495 2005:… … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Activities of social services for social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens,... ... encyclopedic Dictionary economics and law

social services- as defined by the Federal Law On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in Russian Federation dated November 15, 1995, the activities of social services for social support, provision of social services, social medical, psychological and pedagogical,... ... Large legal dictionary

Books

• Social services to the population: values, theory, practice. Textbook for university students. Vulture UMO Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
• Social services for the population. Values, theory, practice. Textbook for university students, Topchiy Leonid Vasilievich. The work analyzes current issues of the formation and development of the social service system for the population in the Russian Federation. As objects and subjects of social services...

As a result of studying this chapter, the student should:

know

• concept, principles and forms of social services;
• the procedure for financing social services;
• terms of payment for social services;
• rehabilitation services for people with disabilities;

be able to

• determine the range of legal sources regulating social services for citizens in the Russian Federation;
• identify different categories of citizens entitled to one or another form of social services;
• identify categories of citizens to whom social services are provided free of charge and for a fee;

have skills

• operating with the basic concepts used in legislation establishing the right to social services;
• applying the acquired knowledge to solving specific professional problems.

The concept of social service and the legislation governing it

Social services are one of the main and significant institutions of modern Russian social security law.

Among the current legislation on social services, the leading place is given to the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Law on Social Services), which came into force on January 1, 2015. It establishes legal, organizational and economic foundations of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation; powers of federal government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social services for citizens; rights and obligations of recipients and providers of social services; defines the basic principles of social services.

This Law replaced the previously in force Federal Laws of 08/02/1995 No. 122-FZ “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” and of 12/10/1995 No. 195-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” and made significant adjustments to legal organization of social services for citizens.

The Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” defined social services as “the activities of social services for social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation citizens in difficult life situations."

A different definition of the concept of social service is set out in the new Law on Social Services.

In accordance with Art. 3 of the said Law under social services for citizens refers to “activities to provide social services to citizens.”

The same article formulates a number of rules used in this Law: key concepts:

• social service- action or actions in the field of social services to provide constant, periodic, one-time assistance, including urgent assistance, to a citizen in order to improve his living conditions and (or) expand his ability to independently provide for his basic life needs;
• recipient of social services- a citizen who is recognized as in need of social services and to whom a social service or social services are provided;
• social service provider- a legal entity, regardless of its organizational and legal form, and (or) an individual entrepreneur providing social services;
• social service standard- basic requirements for the volume, frequency and quality of provision of social services to the recipient of social services, established by type of social services;
• prevention of circumstances that determine the need for social services,- a system of measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes that served as the basis for the deterioration of the living conditions of citizens, reducing their ability to independently provide for their basic life needs.

So, the Law on Social Services introduced new concepts of “recipient of social services”, “provider of social services”, “prevention of circumstances that determine the need for social services”. And the concept of “social service standard” is set out in a new edition (basic requirements for the volume, frequency and quality of the provision of social services), while the social service standard is an integral part of the procedure for the provision of social services.

Thus, based on the meaning of the new legislation, under social services The activities of social service providers should be understood as an action or actions in the field of social services to provide constant, periodic, one-time assistance, including urgent assistance to citizens who are recipients of social services (services) in need of social services in order to improve their living conditions and (or ) expanding their ability to independently provide for their living needs.

It is noteworthy that the Law on Social Services does not contain the concept of “difficult life situation”, previously provided for Federal law“On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation.” Instead, it is clearly stated circumstances in the presence of which citizens are recognized as in need of social services

Such circumstances include, in particular:

• - complete or partial loss of the ability or ability to perform self-care, move independently, provide basic life needs due to illness, injury, age or disability;
• - presence in the family of a disabled person or disabled people, including a disabled child or disabled children who need constant outside care;
• - the presence of a child or children (including those under guardianship or guardianship) experiencing difficulties in social adaptation;
• - lack of opportunity to provide care (including temporary care) for a disabled person, child, children, as well as lack of care for them;
• - the presence of intra-family conflict, including with persons with drug or alcohol addiction, persons addicted to gambling, persons suffering from mental disorders, the presence of domestic violence;
• - lack of a specific place of residence, including for a person who has not reached the age of 23 and has completed his stay in an organization for orphans and children without parental care;
• - lack of work and livelihood.

Other circumstances, the presence of which may be recognized as worsening or capable of worsening the living conditions of citizens, are established by the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Social services are based on the application principle. Provision of social services and refusal of them are possible only taking into account the will of the recipient. For the provision of social services, a citizen (his legal representative) can apply himself or, at his request, other citizens, state bodies, local government bodies, public associations, both to the authorized government body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and directly to the provider of social services with written or electronic statement.

The law presupposes an individual approach to identifying recipients of the social services they need based on the citizen’s need for such services. Taking into account the grounds on which a citizen was recognized as in need of social services, the government body authorized to perform functions in the field of social services

of a subject of the Russian Federation, determines the individual need for social services and draws up an individual program for the provision of social services.

A novelty is the concept of social support (Article 22 of the Law on Social Services). Social support of citizens in the provision of social services involves assistance in the provision of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal, social assistance not related to social services, is based on interdepartmental interaction organizations providing this assistance. It seems that such a distinction is useful from the point of view of providing the widest range of services.

The Law on Social Services contains rules providing for control (supervision) in the field of social services, including public control.

Public control in the field of social services is required to be carried out in accordance with legislation on the protection of consumer rights. Authorities must assist in its implementation.

The law provides for the creation of boards of trustees in all state social service organizations, the approximate regulations of which are approved by the Russian Ministry of Labor.

Social services are provided free of charge and on a paid basis. Tariffs for social services are based on per capita financing standards. The maximum per capita income for the provision of social services is set by a constituent entity of the Russian Federation: it cannot be lower than one and a half times the subsistence level in the region (Article 31 of the Law on Social Services). The procedure for determining this value is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The Law on Social Services defines terms of provision social services on a free and paid basis, as well as categories of citizens to whom social services are provided free of charge and for a fee at home, in semi-stationary and stationary conditions.

This Law applies to citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation, refugees, as well as legal entities regardless of their organizational and legal form and individual entrepreneurs providing social services to citizens.

The Law on Social Services (Chapter 2) clearly delineates the powers of the authorities different levels in the field of social services.

The law defines a list powers of federal government bodies, which include: establishing the framework of public policy and the foundations legal regulation in the field of social services; approval of methodological recommendations for calculating per capita standards for financing social services; approval of an approximate list of social services by type of social services.

Ministry of Labor of Russia such powers are exercised as the development and implementation of state policy in the field of social services, as well as the preparation of a system of measures to improve social services and its methodological support. This also applies to the prevention of circumstances that determine the need for social services. The Ministry approves an approximate nomenclature of social service organizations, various methodological recommendations, including an approximate procedure for the provision of social services, the procedure for the activities of social service organizations, their structural divisions, which include recommended standards staffing level, a list of necessary equipment for equipping social service organizations, their structural divisions, etc.

The Law on Social Services has clarified the list powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: determination of the authorized body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, including the recognition of citizens in need of social services, the drawing up of an individual program, and the implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services.

As an instrument of legal regulation of the organization of social services, the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation provide, in particular: approval by the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation of a list of social services based on an approximate list of social services by type of social services established by the Government of the Russian Federation; approval of the procedure for organizing the implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services; determining the amount of fees for the provision of social services and the procedure for collecting them; approval of the nomenclature of social service organizations in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, nutrition standards in social service organizations of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, etc. The law introduces the obligation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to monitor social services; the monitoring procedure and document forms are approved by the Russian Ministry of Labor.

Features of social services for certain categories of citizens are reflected in other federal laws. For example, the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” provides as a priority social policy the state in relation to disabled people, their rehabilitation as a system of measures (a system of economic, legal and social support measures guaranteed by the state). These measures are aimed at eliminating or compensating as fully as possible for disabilities in order to restore the social status of a disabled person, achieve financial independence, and provide him with equal opportunities to participate in the life of society as other citizens. This law establishes special types of social services for people with disabilities: vocational training, employment, provision of vehicles and mobility aids, prosthetics, creation of urban infrastructure adapted to normal life.

The specifics of social services for children are established in a number of federal laws, regulations and other regulations, among which the following should be highlighted:

• - Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation”;
• - Federal Law No. 159-FZ of December 21, 1996 “On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children without parental care”;
• - Federal Law No. 256-FZ of December 29, 2006 “On additional measures of state support for families with children”;
• - Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 1, 2012 No. 761 “On the national strategy of action in the interests of children for 2012-2017”;
• - Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 28, 2012 No. 1688 “On some measures to implement state policy in the field of protection of orphans and children without parental care”;
• - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 15, 2014 No. 296 “On approval state program Russian Federation “Social support for citizens”;
• - Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated December 23, 2009 No. 1012n “On approval of the Procedure and conditions for the appointment and payment of state benefits to citizens with children”, etc.

These documents, along with general measures to solve the priority problems of children’s livelihoods, provide for special measures to improve the situation of children in particularly difficult conditions, which include primarily orphans and homeless children, disabled children, and refugee children. The number of children in these categories is very significant. In order to ensure full rehabilitation, the legislation defines as priority tasks the protection of the rights and interests of children who find themselves in particularly difficult circumstances; reducing the negative consequences of orphanhood; providing immediate assistance to children in extreme situations. Measures are also provided for the development of social shelters for children and the creation in them of living conditions close to family ones.

Thus, in accordance with Federal Law No. 124-FZ of July 24, 1998 “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation,” social services are provided to children if they find themselves in a difficult life situation that they cannot overcome on their own (Article 1) .

The legislator includes the following children:

• - children left without parental care;
• - disabled children;
• - children with disabilities health (those with disabilities in physical and (or) mental development);
• - children are victims of armed and ethnic conflicts, environmental and man-made disasters, and natural disasters;
• - children from families of refugees and internally displaced persons;
• - children who find themselves in extreme conditions;
• - children are victims of violence;
• - children serving a sentence of imprisonment in educational colonies;
• - children in educational institutions for students with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior who need special conditions education, training and requiring a special pedagogical approach (special educational institutions of open and closed type);
• - children living in low-income families;
• - children with behavioral problems;
• - children whose life activity is objectively disrupted as a result of current circumstances and who cannot overcome these circumstances on their own or with the help of their family.

For such children, current legislation establishes special types of social service organizations: social rehabilitation centers for minors, social shelters for children and adolescents, assistance centers for children without parental care, etc.

Features of social services for refugees and forced migrants are determined by the Federal Law of February 19, 1993 No. 4528-1 “On Refugees” and the Russian Federation Law of February 19, 1993 No. 4530-1 “On Forced Migrants”, which established special types of social services for such persons (placement in temporary residence centers, employment, food, medical services, etc.).

Social services for citizens are usually understood as the procedure for organizing events carried out by social services.
The role of social services is played by enterprises or institutions providing social services in medical, pedagogical, legal and other areas.

Citizens who have the status of an entrepreneur, whose type of activity is aimed at implementing these areas, also have the right to provide social services.

The essence of such events is based on the performance of functions for social adaptation or rehabilitation of certain segments of the population who find themselves in difficult conditions or a combination of difficult life circumstances.

The implementation of social services is based on a number of principles:

1. universal accessibility for the population
2. targeting specific citizens
3. on a voluntary basis
4. priority in providing persons under the age of majority
5. on confidentiality terms

In this article:

Forms of social services for the population

The current legislation of Russia provides for the following forms:

• Material assistance, the essence of which is to provide citizens with money and first aid items
• Help at home is provided through home services for citizens, single people in need of care. Assistance is provided in the form of household, medical and other types of assistance.
• Social services in hospitals are aimed at supporting the lives of citizens who have lost the ability to self-care, for example, due to mental illness, injury, disability, old age
• Temporary shelter provided to orphans, children without parents, street children under 18 years of age, for people without permanent registration or housing, citizens affected by natural disasters or armed conflicts
• Day stay is provided for citizens who need, for example, obtaining first medical care, food
• provided to social service clients in the form of providing necessary life advice, both legal and other in nature, including psychological assistance
• Rehabilitation services aimed at providing various types of assistance to people with disabilities, juvenile offenders and other citizens. It can be expressed in psychological and medical assistance that helps restore normal life.

The procedure for providing social services to the population

Assistance is provided only to those citizens who find themselves in difficult life circumstances. By which we mean a combination of circumstances that disrupt the normal continuation of life, for example, due to disability, old age, illness, neglect.

The provision of social services is subject to every citizen’s request for help. The specificity of this type of activity is structured in such a way that social services are provided to everyone who asks for help.

Both citizens of Russia and foreign citizens located on the territory of our state can apply.

Types of social services provided to citizens

Social services are divided into two main types: free and paid.

Free services are provided to citizens:

• Unable to take care of yourself in everyday life
• For elderly people
• Income below the subsistence level
• Unemployed
• No place of residence
• Street children
• Victims of natural disasters and military operations

These events are financed from the region’s funds.

Paid services are provided to all willing citizens who find themselves in a difficult situation, but are able to financially support or serve themselves. Services of this kind are aimed at providing professional services and legal advice.

Tariffs for paid services are set independently by social services.

For example, services can be related to assistance in preparing documents for real estate, receiving social payments and benefits, etc.

Social service represents the activities of social services for social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations.

Social services– enterprises and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership, providing social services, as well as those engaged in entrepreneurial activity for social services to the population without the formation of a legal entity.

Difficult life situation– a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen (disability, inability to self-care due to old age, illness, orphanhood, neglect, poverty, unemployment, lack of a specific place of residence, conflicts and abuse in the family, loneliness, etc.), which he cannot overcome on his own.

Principles of social service:

1. targeting;
2. accessibility;
3. voluntariness;
4. humanity;
5. priority of providing social services to minors in difficult life situations;
6. confidentiality;
7. preventative.

Social service institutions regardless of ownership:

• comprehensive social service centers for the population;
• territorial centers for social assistance to families and children;
• social service centers;
• social rehabilitation centers for minors;
• assistance centers for children without parental care;
• social shelters for children and adolescents;
• centers for psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population;
• emergency psychological assistance centers by telephone;
• social assistance centers (departments) at home;
• overnight stay homes;
• special homes for lonely elderly people;
• stationary social service institutions (boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, psychoneurological boarding schools, orphanages, boarding schools for mentally retarded children, boarding homes for children with physical disabilities);
• gerontological centers;
• other institutions providing social services.

Social services are provided by social services free of charge and for a fee.

Free social services V state system social services in the volumes determined by state standards of social services are provided:

1. citizens who are incapable of self-care due to old age, illness, disability, who do not have relatives who can provide them with help and care, if the average per capita income of these citizens is below the subsistence level established for the subject of the Russian Federation in which they live;
2. citizens who are in difficult life situations due to unemployment, natural disasters, catastrophes, victims of armed and interethnic conflicts;
3. minor children in difficult life situations.

Foundations of social services

Social services are provided on the basis of an appeal:

• citizen;
• his guardian, trustee, other legal representative;
• public authority;
• local government body;
• public association.

Every citizen has the right to receive free information from the state system of social services about the possibilities, types, procedures and conditions of social services.

Types of social services

1. material aid;
2. social services at home;
3. social services in stationary social service institutions;
4. temporary shelter in a specialized social service institution;
5. advisory assistance;
6. rehabilitation services;
7. organization of day care in social service institutions.

Material aid turns out to be:
· Money;
· food products;
· sanitation and hygiene products;
· child care products;
· clothes, shoes and other essential items;
· fuel;
· special vehicles;
· technical means of rehabilitation for people with disabilities and people in need of care.

Social services at home carried out by providing social services to citizens in need of permanent or temporary non-stationary social services.

Social services in inpatient institutions social service is carried out by providing social services to citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant outside care, and ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and health status, carrying out medical, psychological, social nature, nutrition and care, as well as the organization of feasible work, rest and leisure.

Temporary shelter in a specialized institution social services are provided:
· orphans;
· children left without parental care;
· neglected minors;
· children who find themselves in difficult life situations;
· citizens without a specific place of residence and certain occupations;
· citizens who have suffered from physical or mental violence, natural disasters, as a result of armed and interethnic conflicts;
· other social service clients in need of temporary shelter.

Advisory assistance provided in social service institutions on issues of social, social and medical support of life, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection.

Rehabilitation services are to provide assistance in professional, social, psychological rehabilitation to disabled people, persons with disabilities, juvenile offenders, and other citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations.

Day stay in social service institutions organized in social service institutions during the daytime. Social, social, medical and other services are provided to elderly and disabled citizens who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, as well as other persons, including minors, who are in difficult life situations.