Most people have the warmest and most pleasant memories associated with childhood and adolescence. At this time, a person learns to hold a spoon, tie his shoes, read, write, learns a lot about the world around him, and tries to communicate with others. Parents explain to the child the concepts of good and evil, morality, conscience, blame or praise him. Thus, childhood and adolescence play an important role in the development of a person’s personality. It is during this period that spiritual values are laid, the first conscious desires appear, knowledge and communication experience are accumulated, on which a person’s future life depends.
A striking example of the influence of childhood on the development of personality is the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Main character works - the lazy, apathetic nobleman Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.
He does not get out of bed for a long time in the morning, rarely goes outside, prefers to think a lot, but do little. Soon from the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” we understand that the origins of his inactivity, laziness, and apathy begin in early childhood. Ilya Ilyich was a curious, intelligent child who wanted to know everything about the world around him, but measured quiet life residents of Oblomovka turned out to be a disastrous environment for the formation and spiritual development personality.
“...Perhaps his childish mind decided long ago that he should live this way and not otherwise, as the adults around him live. And how else would you tell him to decide?..”
Andrey Stolts is a close friend of Oblomov. In the novel he is contrasted with Ilya Ilyich. Stolz was brought up in a strict family and went through difficult times. He does not like to dream, thinks in moderation and does a lot, has a strong character, which makes him brave and courageous. All these qualities were brought up in Stolz by his parents, or rather, by the environment in which he found himself as a child. As a child, Andrei received a “labor, practical” upbringing, began helping his father with his work early, and studied a lot and diligently. “...At the age of fourteen or fifteen, the boy often went alone, in a cart or on horseback, with a bag at the saddle, on errands from his father to the city, and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake... "Although Stolz's childhood was difficult, it was in the best possible way influenced his personality, brought up in him such positive traits as hard work, courage, self-confidence, discipline.
Childhood plays an important role in the development of personality, since a person’s adult life is largely determined by what he learned in the early stages of his development. John Amos Komensky said: “Only that in a person is strong and reliable that was absorbed into his nature in the first period of life.”
1. Image of Oblomovka.
2. Prosaic reality and fairy-tale dreams of Oblomov.
3. Consequences of Oblomov’s upbringing.
In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” the protagonist’s childhood is described quite fully in the ninth chapter. The very technique that the author used to give readers the opportunity to take a virtual journey through time and look at the environment in which a person grew up and developed, who appears as an adult and fully formed in the novel, is already interesting. Not just the hero’s memories, not a narration on behalf of the author about his childhood years, but a dream. This has a special meaning.
What is sleep? It often intertwines images of everyday reality and fantastic images that belong to something other than everyday life - either the unconscious or a parallel world... In Oblomov’s subconscious, a dream, a fairy tale, takes up quite a lot of space. It is not for nothing that Goncharov describes his dream in such a way that you soon forget that this is a dream and not reality.
You should pay attention to how Goncharov describes motherland Oblomov. The author does not begin with a direct description. At first we're talking about about what is not there, and only then about what is there: “No, really, there is no sea there, no high mountains, rocks and abysses, no dense forests - there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy.”
It would seem that everything is simple - the author describes a typical Central Russian landscape, which is truly devoid of sharp romantic contrasts. However, the sea, forest, mountains are not only characteristics of the relief of a particular area, but also symbolic images that are often used in relation to life path person. Of course, all these objects, both in their concrete embodiment and in symbolic reflection, carry a certain threat to humans. However, risk and the need to overcome serious obstacles are also an impetus for personal development.
In Oblomovka, this natural tendency towards spiritual growth, movement, and change is completely absent. Behind the external benevolence manifested in the mild climate, the measured course of life, the absence of serious crimes among the local population, this is somehow not immediately noticeable. But what is alarming is the commotion that arises in the village when a stranger is noticed nearby, lying down to rest: “Who knows what he’s like: look, he’s not doing anything; maybe something like this..." And a crowd of grown men armed with axes and pitchforks are talking about this! In this episode, seemingly insignificant, one of the important distinctive features Oblomovites - they unconsciously strive to avoid everything that is different from the outside. The host and hostess demonstrate a similar reaction when they receive a letter: “...Who knows what it’s like there, the letter? Maybe even worse, some kind of trouble. Look what people have become today!”
In “The Dream,” as in the entire novel, every now and then the motif of opposition between Oblomov and Oblomov’s way of life is heard. Oblomovka is an “almost impassable” “corner” that lives its own life. Everything that happens in the rest of the world practically does not affect the interests of Oblomovites. And their main interests are a delicious dinner, which is discussed in advance by the whole family, the whole house, and a sound “heroic” sleep. Oblomovites not only don’t think about the fact that it is possible to live somehow differently than they do, no, they don’t even have a shadow of a doubt that they live correctly, and “to live differently is a sin.”
It seems that existence in Oblomovka is monotonous and unpretentious - where did Oblomov’s habit of dreaming for hours, half asleep, come from? Fantastic images of fairy tales, once told by his mother and nanny, made a strong impression on the soul of little Ilya. But it is not the exploits of the heroes that most capture his imagination. Ilya listens with delight to fairy tales about how a kind sorceress generously gifts “some lazy person” for no reason at all. And Oblomov himself, even when he grew up and began to be more skeptical about fairy tales, “always has the inclination to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made unearned dress and eat at the expense of the good sorceress.”
Why are the ideas of precisely such fairy tales, and not those in which fearless, active heroes bravely go in search of “that I don’t know what” or to battle a terrible snake, firmly entrenched in Ilya’s subconscious? Probably because the lifestyle of Emelya lying on the stove almost completely corresponded to the standards of behavior that Oblomov learned from his parental family. After all, Ilya Ilyich’s father never cared about how things were going in his domain: it takes a long time to fix the bridge, raise the fence, and even about fixing the collapsed gallery, the master’s lazy thoughts stretch out for an indefinite period of time.
And little Ilya was an observant boy: watching how his father paced the room day after day, not delving into household chores, but getting angry if the handkerchief was not brought soon, and his mother was concerned mainly about plentiful food, the child naturally made a conclusion that this is how you need to live. And why should Ilya think otherwise - after all, children view their parents as an authority, as a model of behavior that should be copied in their own adult life.
The movement of life in Oblomovka was not perceived as something in which a person is obliged to take part, but like a stream of water running past, one can only observe what is happening around and, if possible, avoid personal participation in this bustle: “ Good people understood it (life) as nothing other than an ideal of peace and inaction, disturbed from time to time by various unpleasant accidents, such as illness, losses, quarrels and, among other things, labor.”
Work in Oblomovka was regarded as a painful duty, from which it would not be a sin to shirk if the opportunity presented itself. Meanwhile, it is largely thanks to work that the development of personality, its spiritual formation and social adaptation occur. Oblomov, due to the ideals absorbed from childhood, avoiding active activity, refuses personal growth, from the development of those abilities and forces that were inherent in it. Paradoxically, Oblomov, who was cherished and protected in childhood, does not become confident in his adult life, successful person. What's the matter? Oblomov had a happy childhood, he had all the prerequisites for his future life to be successful, but he spent his entire earthly existence lying on the sofa!
The key to understanding the problem lies in a fact that is inconspicuous at first glance: education in Oblomovka was aimed only at the physical well-being of the child, but did not provide direction for spiritual development or goals. And without this little thing, alas, Oblomov, with all his merits, became what Goncharov described.
In an extensive chapter, published before the appearance of the entire novel, “Oblomov’s Dream,” on which Goncharov worked long and lovingly, like an artist on a cherished painting, the sleepy kingdom of Oblomovism and the process of slow poisoning of a child are depicted in all its breadth. Oblomov this poison.
In this dream, Oblomov sees his past life, pictures of his childhood pass before him, he is worried by the influx of memories and cries in his sleep. In front of him is a picture of the quiet village of his parents, deserted plowed fields all around, a forest in the distance, an old landowner's house, a garden where he wandered with his nanny. Little Ilyusha, who woke up in his crib, is dressed, he is capricious, already understanding with his childish mind that he is a “barchuk”, that the people serving him are his servants, his property, over whom he can command. Various Vankas, Filkas, Styopkas are always ready at his service, who will rush according to his instructions, warn his every desire, his every step. He is freed from all the efforts and movements necessary for the development of his child's body, from all the worries and difficulties necessary for the development of the will.
Goncharov. Oblomov. Summary
The system of servility and servitude to the nobleman artificially paralyzes his will, his strength, his activity. He grows as if in a greenhouse, protected by the care of mothers, nannies and parents. They always wrap him up, protect him, guard him, and suppress all outbursts of childish gaiety and playfulness in him. He is frightened by all sorts of dangers awaiting him outside of parental care. The child gets used to thinking that it is safe and calm only in the sleepy house of his parents, and everything around him is full of unknown people. terrible forces and dangers. He thinks with horror about the ravine behind the village and about the forest where wolves run and robbers hide. Little Ilyusha develops a fear of life, the habit of seeking protection from others and not relying on himself. They also protect him from mental worries, grieve over the need to teach the boy, try in every possible way to persuade him not to bother himself and exempt him from lessons.
Parents' concerns are focused only on the physical side of the child's life. As if surrounded by cotton wool, in this stuffy greenhouse, he grows up as a lethargic, phlegmatic, lifeless boy, in whom the habits of laziness and idleness have developed eternal invincible fatigue and the need to lie down and surrender to complete peace. The living atmosphere created around the parents’ house and throughout the village has an even more destructive effect on the child’s soul. Around him is eternal sleep, dull animal vegetation, with the only worries about dinner.
Everything froze in laziness and drowsiness in Oblomovka. In the morning there are only some signs of life, as they prepare for lunch. But after lunch, Oblomovka falls into a heavy and stuffy sleep. Impressions of heat, silence, some kind of sleepy stupor draw the impressionable boy into a labyrinth of some painful, strange ideas and thoughts. With extraordinary psychological subtlety, Goncharov recreates these vague experiences of a child's soul. That's when Oblomovka seems like a true kingdom of dull sleep. The silence is interrupted only by the delirium of the sleeping. They sleep, get up, cool off in the twilight, drink tea, have dinner and go to bed.
And so, day after day, day after day, the monotonous and sleepy burden of this life drags on. No worries, no interests other than dinner and sleep. Occasionally they have fun playing cards or remembering funny episodes from last year's life. Calmly, epically, like Homer, Goncharov depicts this swamp swamp and the life of the people immersed in it, and the impression is enhanced precisely by this calm tone of the narrative.
“Oblomov’s Dream,” which recreates pictures of the hero’s childhood life, explains how this type of Russian reality arose and how it developed.
Text from the Unified State Examination
(1) The strongest impression on me is made by dreams in which distant childhood rises and no longer existing faces appear in the vague fog, all the more dear, like everything irretrievably lost. (2) For a long time I cannot wake up from such a dream and for a long time I see alive those who have long been in the grave. (3) And what lovely, dear faces they all are! (4) It seems that what I wouldn’t give to even look at them from afar, hear a familiar voice, shake their hands and once again return to the distant, distant past. (5) It begins to seem to me that these silent shadows are demanding something from me. (6) After all, I owe so much to these people who are infinitely dear to me...
(7) But in the rosy perspective of childhood memories, it is not only people who are alive, but also those inanimate objects that were in one way or another connected with the small life of a beginner little man. (8) And now I think about them, reliving the impressions and sensations of childhood.
(9) In these silent participants in a child’s life, in the foreground, of course, there is always a children’s book with pictures... (10) And this was the living thread that led out of the children’s room and connected it with the rest of the world. (11) For me, to this day, every children’s book is something alive, since it awakens a child’s soul, directs children’s thoughts in a certain direction and makes a child’s heart beat along with millions of other children’s hearts. (12) A children's book is a spring ray of sunshine that awakens the dormant powers of a child's soul and causes the seeds thrown onto this grateful soil to grow. (13) Children, thanks to this book, merge into one huge spiritual family that knows no ethnographic and geographical boundaries.
(14)3Here I will have to make a small digression specifically about modern children, who often have to observe a complete disrespect for the book. (15) Disheveled bindings, traces of dirty fingers, bent corners of sheets, all kinds of scribbles in the margins - in a word, the result is a crippled book.
(16) It is difficult to understand the reasons for all this, and only one explanation can be accepted: too many books are being published today, they are much cheaper and seem to have lost their real value among other household items. (17) Our generation, which remembers the dear book, has retained a special respect for it as an object of the highest spiritual order, bearing the bright stamp of talent and holy work.
(According to D. Mamin-Sibiryak)
Introduction
Childhood is the most reverent and magical time for a person. This bright time leaves an indelible imprint on the rest of your life. As a child, we strengthen in our minds the model of human behavior in the family, absorbing, like a sponge, the atmosphere created by our parents.
It is in childhood that the main values in life are laid down: we begin to appreciate what our family and friends valued, we have a negative attitude towards what mom and dad spoke with dissatisfaction about.
Problem
The problem of childhood is raised in his text by D. Mamin-Sibiryak. Memories of childhood, of the people who surrounded the hero in his childhood, of objects so dear to the heart, fill the author’s heart and make him think about the past.
A comment
The author often sees his long-gone childhood in a dream, where long-gone people are nearby, especially dear because of the impossibility of seeing them again in reality. The soul hurts more from the desire to talk to them, hug them, hear their native voice and see their faded faces.
Sometimes it seems that these people demand something from him, because it is impossible to make up for what the hero owes to them.
Not only family and friends come to mind, but also childhood objects that were a constant companion of that time. First of all, a book comes to mind - bright, colorful, opening up the whole wonderful huge world to the child’s consciousness, awakening the soul of a growing person.
The author complains that in modern world Children have a completely different attitude towards books. It is characterized by disrespect for her, a careless attitude. D. Mamin-Sibiryak tries to understand the reasons for this, finds it in the fact that children's books have become cheaper, more accessible, and as a result have lost their value.
Author's position
Your position
From the early childhood It is worth teaching your child respect for the world around him: for nature, for animals, for toys and books. Otherwise, he will not be able to subsequently appreciate what brings him pleasure and benefit.
Argument No. 1
Speaking about the influence of childhood on the formation of a person’s character, it is worth remembering Ilya Ilyich Oblomov from the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". There is a whole chapter in the work called “Oblomov’s Dream,” where the author introduces us to the world that raised Ilya Ilyich from the moment of birth to his student years.
His parents and nannies catered to him in everything and protected him from the outside world. The main value in Oblomovka was food and sleep. And as he grew up, the hero began to value lying on the couch and the opportunity to eat deliciously more than anything in life.
Oblomov's friend, Andrei Stolts, was brought up completely differently. His family valued activity, practicality, and the ability to work. And he grew up just like that - a focused practitioner who never wastes a minute.
Argument No. 2
In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" can also see the influence of childhood on development main character Katerina. Her childhood was bright and rosy. Her parents loved her and raised in her a love of freedom and the ability to sacrifice everything for the sake of her loved ones.
Finding herself in the Kabanov family after her marriage, for the first time in her life she found herself in an unfriendly environment, in a place where personal freedom and freedom of expression of feelings were not perceived, where everything was done according to the rules of house-building.
Katerina could not stand the oppression and died, throwing herself into the river in despair.
Conclusion
No matter how we feel at one time or another, no matter how we regret our own lives and are disappointed in the future, children should not feel and know all this. Be responsible to your children, teach them what will really be useful to them in life, what will help them adapt to the world in which they will have to live and raise their own children.
How was Oblomov's childhood? "analyze Oblomov's dream" in the work. provide a link to the essay
- Goncharov's novel Oblomov must be re-read whenever a person begins to become overwhelmed by excessive laziness and daydreaming. Very often people are overly lenient with themselves, so they do not pay attention to the small and large weaknesses to which they succumb. And gradually laziness and apathy begin to affect a person more and more. And it is enough to allow such negative qualities to become stronger once, so that later it will be very, very difficult to cope with them.
This is exactly what happened with the main character of the novel Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich was not by nature an active and active person. Although, of course, he had all the prerequisites not to vegetate, lying on the couch, but to strive for at least something. Young Ilya Ilyich was smart and educated. It would seem that a brilliant future opens up before him. And how did he manage this future? Extremely unwise and short-sighted. He simply buried all his talents in the ground. It is not surprising that in the future they did not produce any seedlings, since there were absolutely no conditions for growth and further development everyone good qualities and abilities.
Let us remember the childhood of Ilya Ilyich. Of course, his childhood can rightfully be called a very happy period. The boy was surrounded by universal love and care. Usually happy and cheerful children grow up into very active people who do not want to turn their lives into a monotonous and gray existence. But with Oblomov everything turned out a little differently. Since childhood, the boy was deprived of the necessary freedom, which is very necessary for optimal personal development. Every person in childhood is a real pioneer, discovering everything new. And little Ilya was spoiled by overly obsessive care; he was not allowed to show any freedom.
The hero’s mother let him go for a walk in the garden, in the yard, in the meadow, with strict confirmation to the nanny not to leave the child alone, not to allow him near horses, dogs, or a goat, not to go far from the house, and most importantly, not to let him into the ravine, like the most scary place in the area, which had a bad reputation. One can easily imagine how a child who was forbidden to express his will in childhood will grow up. Gradually, he begins to lose interest in learning new things. But human life is so short, so every moment is precious.
I'll throw the rest on the box - I have mo own composition on the topic “analysis of Oblomov’s sleep” (they gave it a “5”))) if necessary, write to soap
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