Series “Unified State Exam. FIPI - school" was prepared by test developers measuring materials(KIM) unified state exam.
The collection contains:
36 standard exam options, compiled in accordance with the draft demo version of the KIM Unified State Exam in the Russian language 2018;
instructions for completing the examination work;
answers to all tasks;
evaluation criteria.
Completing the tasks of standard exam options provides students with the opportunity to independently prepare for the state final certification in the form of the Unified State Exam, as well as to objectively assess the level of their preparation for the exam.
Teachers can use standard exam options to organize monitoring of the results of students’ mastery of educational programs of secondary general education and intensive preparation of students for the Unified State Exam.

Examples.
Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The sparkling waves laughed mysteriously and ran onto the shore and crashed loudly against the stones.
2) Be silent, hide and hide your feelings and dreams.
3) The whirlwind raged for about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly died down.
4) Childhood memory turned out to be tenacious and the first meeting with the theater remained in it forever.
5) In his work, M. Voloshin tried not only to comprehend Russia’s past but also to predict its future.

Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Sentence 2 is contrasted in content to sentence 3.
2) Sentences 10-11 contain a narrative.
3) Proposition 20 explains, reveals the content of sentence 19.
4) Sentences 21-23 provide a description.
5) Sentences 24-27 present the reasoning.

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• Unified State Exam 2020, Russian language, grade 11, Methodological recommendations, Tsybulko I.P., 2019
• Unified State Exam 2019, Russian language, grade 11, Methodological recommendations, Tsybulko I.P., Aleksandrov V.N., Arutyunova E.V.
• Methodological recommendations for teachers, prepared on the basis of an analysis of typical mistakes of participants in the 2018 Unified State Examination in the Russian language, Tsybulko I.P.
• Unified State Exam-2018, Russian language, Recommendations for assessing tasks, Tsybulko I.P., Ateksandrov V.N., Arutyunova E.V., 2018

The following textbooks and books:

• Unified State Exam 2018, Thematic simulator, Russian language, Part 1 tasks, Egoraeva G.T., Nazarova T.N., Politova I.N., Skripka E.N.

Essays for the collection “Unified State Examination – 2018. Tsybulko. 36 options"

Essay on the topic: “The main educator of any person is his life experience” (OPTION 1)

The text by Evgeny Yevtushenko raises the problem of the role of books in human life. The author in his work discusses the enormous influence the book had on the formation of the character and talent of Maxim Gorky. The poet also argues that a literature lover does not read in order to quickly glean information - he enjoys the word, as Yevtushenko puts it, “absorbs it with all his nerve cells.”

I agree with the author. Indeed, none of us can visit all the countries of the world, cannot get into the deep past or distant future, cannot experience everything that has ever befallen us. different people. But, thanks to literature, we can realize and feel all this. Thus, the book helps us gain unlimited life experience and learn to truly understand people well.

I remember an episode from the novel in verse by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. One of the episodes of this work talks about how Tatyana, after Eugene’s departure, went to his house and read his books. The girl tried to understand what kind of person her lover was. She came to a strange conclusion: “Isn’t he a parody?” And although this is also not entirely accurate, she nevertheless began to understand Onegin much better than at the beginning of the novel.

However, as Yevgeny Yevtushenko correctly noted, it is not enough to just glean some information from books by reading. In order for the reading to go well, you need to let the author’s thoughts and feelings pass through yourself, comprehend, maybe re-read what seemed interesting or, conversely, controversial. If this is not done, then books will not be able to teach anything at all. I would like to confirm my thought with an episode from Tatyana Tolstoy’s novel “Kys”. This work depicts scary picture people's lives after a nuclear explosion. Main character Benedict loves to read works. He simply devours books, but does not take anything out of them except the general outline of events. The books taught him neither honor, nor conscience, nor kindness, nor love for his neighbor. On the contrary, he is ready to kill and rob, just to get more and more information from books. It seems to me that this proves that it is not enough just to read a work - we need to understand what the author wants to teach us. That is, it also requires work of the soul and mind. And then, reading good books, the person will really become better.

Essay on the topic: “In an inconspicuous forest village near a large Belarusian river lives an old woman” (OPTION 2)

The text by Vasil Bykov poses the problem of memory of the war and our history in general. The author argues that a person’s memory often cannot retain what is necessary. The writer is worried that he, a participant in the war, himself began to forget the different realities of his combat biography. He also believes that everyone who has something to tell about the war should definitely do so. And first of all, this responsibility is assigned to writers who can tell future generations about what happened during the war: both about the suffering of the people and about their heroism.

The author is confident that people must remember their history, because, as the author puts it, “it taught history and humanity a number of lessons for the future, which to ignore would be unforgivable indifference.”

I agree with the writer. Indeed, we must not forget about our history, because, as they say, if you forget about warriors, then they repeat themselves. The war left deep scars in the history of our country. Many cities and villages were destroyed, millions of people died, and the lives of many were distorted. But now some people forget about this. We can increasingly learn about fascist youth organizations; on the Internet and on television we often hear about how history is being rewritten, changed, distorted historical events. This is especially true of the Great Patriotic War.

Quite recently there was a sad story about how a schoolboy expressed sympathy for the “innocently killed German corporal.” Perhaps he expressed himself poorly, but it’s still scary that in our country they talk about innocence fascist invaders! A person must remember his history.

The work of Anatoly Aleksin “Remember His Face” comes to mind. His hero was still a little boy when the war happened. He saw the death of many people, and his mother told him about these dead: “Remember his face.” It’s not for nothing that they say that the death of a person is a tragedy, and the death of a thousand people is a statistic. The boy remembered the people he saw, remembered them by sight. Therefore, he realized that war is a tragedy, not politics.

There is an episode in Boris Vasiliev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...”. Sergeant Major Vaskov brings Rita Osyanina’s son to the place of his mother’s death. They come here every year because the memory of the people who gave their lives for victory is sacred to them.

It seems to me that we should always remember those people who died so that we could live.

Essay on the topic: “Between the forests and the Oka River, water meadows stretch in a wide belt” (OPTION 3)

In his text, Konstantin Paustovsky poses the problem of the impact of nature on the human soul. The author lovingly describes the days he spends on Prorva. We read a description of how he lives on the river for many days every autumn. “I already have my favorite corners,” writes Paustovsky.

The description of nature is so vivid, done with such love that we immediately understand how dear this place is to the writer. Paustovsky refers to the opinion of Chekhov, who wrote that “along with fresh air, you will breathe in serenity of thought, meekness of feeling, condescension towards others and even towards yourself.” The author is sure that nature has a huge impact on the human soul, and this is a very good, beneficial effect. A person becomes happier when he communicates with nature.

It is impossible to disagree with the author's opinion. Indeed, when we communicate with the nature around us, we receive not only fresh air and aesthetic pleasure. We feel our deep connection with our native side. I remember Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”. The poet's favorite heroine, Tatyana, loves nature very much; She enjoys long walks in the forest, and every morning she greets the dawn on the balcony. And later, when she became a princess and settled in the city, she experiences a longing for her favorite places.

Sergei Yesenin dedicated touching drains to Russian nature. You can recall his poems “Go away, my dear Rus'...”, “White birch”, “The golden grove dissuaded...” and many others. You can hear in them deep love the author to his native fields and forests.

The human soul feels its kinship with its native spaces. We just need to not lose this connection.

Essay on the topic: “I remember how in the mid-twenties, having got into conversation, we approached the monument to Pushkin...” (OPTION 4)

This text examines the problem of architectural monuments and their influence on humans.

The author describes how sad he is that there is no longer a monument to Pushkin or the Strastnoy Monastery on Tverskoy Boulevard. The writer experiences a feeling of emptiness. And in sentences 23 to 33, he talks about the sadness he felt after Vodopyany Lane disappeared along with all the houses that made it up. It was an unpleasant feeling, like in a dream, when you don’t understand where your home is.

The author believes that architectural monuments are part of our history, part of human culture, and the loss of even the least important of them is still very painful. After all, this is the loss of part of our history, of what constitutes the concept of home.

It's hard to disagree with the author. Unfortunately, for Lately many unique monuments were destroyed, destroyed, especially in Soviet times. But memory lives not only in the hearts and minds of people - memory also lives in material culture. Some phenomena of material culture specifically exist for reminder purposes. Examples of such things are monuments and, of course, cemeteries. The tombstones on them specifically exist to remind of some people who once lived. They may have long been forgotten, but the memory embodied in stone will be a reminder for many generations.

That is why in Valentin Rasputin’s story “Farewell to Matera” the women reacted with such horror to the destruction of the cemetery. They understood that soon the entire island would be flooded with water, but the destruction of the cemetery was perceived by them as something completely special - as an attempt to destroy the memory of people.

A person ceases to be himself when he loses his memory. I remember the legend about the Mankurts, which Chingiz Aitmatov tells in his novel “And the day lasts longer than a century...” The Mankurts’ memory was destroyed with the help of special torture; they forgot their name, the names of their parents. Mankurts were ideal slaves: a person who has no memory does not need freedom, he only needs food, water, rest. There are no other thoughts in it, because personality is largely formed by memory. Unfortunately, in Soviet times, many architectural monuments, especially church architecture, were destroyed. Some of them were completely razed to the ground, like the same Passion Monastery mentioned in Kataev’s text, others suffered greatly because they were not restored, they were used for other purposes, for example, they were used as a warehouse or hostel.

It’s good that now many architectural monuments are being restored. This restores the historical memory of us all.

Essay on the topic: “In years of peace, a person is content and happy, like a bird bathing in the sky, can fly far from its nest” (OPTION 5)

In his text, Alexey Tolstoy raises the problem of the role of the Motherland in human life. The author, to illustrate his point, gives an example ancient man and calls the homeland and land from ottich and dedich. He wants to show in this way that the concept of the Motherland was characteristic of people even in ancient times. It’s just that back then the boundaries of the homeland were defined differently. To show a person's pride in their country and its influence on world culture, the writer cites as an example the great inventions of our famous scientists that our country gave to the world. The author believes that the Motherland is the place where you were born, and all those lands where they speak your native language, where people of the same nationality, bearers of the same culture. And each of us, according to the author, is responsible for this country, which he calls the Motherland.

It is impossible to disagree with the author's opinion. Indeed, the concept of the Motherland includes the idea of ​​both that corner of the earth where we spent our childhood, and about a huge country called Russian Federation, and about our native Russian language, which is spoken by all our compatriots, and about the great contribution to science and culture that is associated with our country.

First of all, the Motherland is the place where you were born and where your ancestors, parents, grandparents lived. In Valentin Rasputin’s story “Farewell to Matera,” the author speaks of just such a homeland - about a piece of Earth, an island on the Angara, where the heroes were born. In the work, it is no coincidence that the name of the island is derived from the word “mother” - this place, indeed, became the mother, the homeland for all the heroes. The author shows an argument between Daria and her grandson Andrei. Strictly speaking, this is not really a dispute. Daria does not object to her grandson, but only chuckles condescendingly. Andrey believes that it is necessary to think nationally, on a national scale. But Daria understands that a country cannot become a homeland for someone who has not learned to love the place where he was born - his small homeland.

Examples of essays 36 variants of Tsybulko 2018 in Russian

1. “The environmental problem of human responsibility for the preservation of life on earth.” Tsybulko 2018. No. 11
   Do people think about the consequences of a cigarette butt thrown on the ground, a packet of chips, or a plastic bottle? More than seven billion people think that one time is nothing...
   


2. Option 24 Unified State Exam 2017 Tsybulko
   Have you ever thought about how difficult it was for people during the war? How did they manage not to break and survive? How did they overcome all these difficulties? So in this text the author raises the problem...
   


3. Unified State Exam 2018 TSYBULKO option 20 - the problem of the role of books in human life
   This text touches upon the problem of the role of books in human life. To attract the attention of readers to this issue, Yu. V. Bondarev reflects on how important literary works
   


4. V...
   Unified State Exam 2018. TSYBULKO. 21 options. The problem of the value of childhood.
   


5. The text proposed for analysis touches on the problem of the value of childhood.
   To attract the attention of readers to this issue, V. G. Korolenko talks about a young teacher who only recently started...
   


6. Unified State Exam 2018. TSYBULKO. Option 22. The problem of being able to stand up for yourself
   This text for analysis touches on the problem of the ability to stand up for oneself, not to lose one’s own dignity when faced with vulgarity and rudeness.
   


7. To draw readers' attention to this...
   Young people live in modern world, full of problems and anxieties, joys and discoveries. In this bustle, we have no time to give our love and care to loved ones: grandparents, who are increasingly...
   


8. The problem of a person’s “consumer” attitude towards nature. (Tsybulko 2018 option 15)
   Man and nature have existed together on Earth for many years. And this cohabitation did not always benefit both at the same time. The author in his text raises the problem of “consumer” attitude...
   


9. The problem of man's immoral attitude towards nature. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
   In the proposed text, the author raises the problem of the destructive influence of human activity on nature.
   


10. For a long period of time, human activity did not cause much damage to nature. But...
    The problem of gratitude to loved ones, a sense of duty to them. Tsybulko 2018. No. 13.
    


11. What makes a person feel grateful towards loved ones? Why do we feel indebted to our family? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of the famous Russian surgeon...
    The problem of intergenerational relationships, relationships between adults and children. Tsybulko 2018. No. 7
    


12. What are the relationships between representatives of different generations based on? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of V.P. Krapivina. Revealing the problem of the relationship between generations, relations between...
    The Problem of the Power of Genius. Tsybulko 2018. No. 30.
    


13. How does the power of talent affect ordinary people? Is a true genius really given power similar to royal power? This is exactly what A.I. Kuprin is thinking about. Revealing the problem, the author talks about...
    The problem of the influence of war on a person’s worldview and character. Tsybulko 2018. No. 33.
    


14. How does war change a person’s worldview and character? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text by V.P. Astafiev. Revealing the problem of the influence of war on a person’s worldview and character, the author...
    The problem of the influence of music on a person according to the text by V. Astafiev In the outskirts of our village stood on stilts Tsybulko 2018 28 version
    


15. V. Astafiev in his text raises the undoubtedly important problem of the influence of music on a person. This problem, of course, has been and is relevant at all times. Revealing the topic, V. Astafiev...
    The problem of the influence of music on humans. Tsybulko 2018. No. 32.
    


16. The problem of the influence of nature on the spiritual world of man. Tsybulko 2018. No. 3.
    Does nature influence the spiritual world of man? What feelings do we experience when communicating with the world of fields, meadows and forests? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by K. G. Paustovsky. Revealing the problem...
    


17. The problem of teacher influence on students. Tsybulko 2018. No. 21
    What influence can a teacher have on shaping the character of students? How is this influence achieved? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by V. G. Korolenko. Revealing the problem...
    


18. The problem of choosing a profession, your life path. Tsybulko 2018. No. 36.
    Why is it important for a person to independently and responsibly approach the choice of his profession, his life path? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of A.P. Chekhov. Revealing the problem...
    


19. The problem of unity between man and nature, Tsybulko 2018 version 3
    The author examines the problem of the unity of man and nature. Addressing this topic, Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky colorfully describes his “favorite places” on Prorva, notices the smallest details of living...
    


20. The problem of the meaning of a book in a person’s life. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
    1) When did books first appear?
    


21. Books in the form in which we see them now appeared only in the Middle Ages. Papyrus, which was rolled up into tubes, replaced them.
    By the middle of the 15th century, instead of...
    


22. The problem of the meaning of a book in a person’s life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 1.
    Why should you love books? What importance do books have in a person's life? Is it possible to live without reading books? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko. Revealing...
    


23. The problem of the personality traits of a real citizen, a public figure. Tsybulko 2018. No. 17.
    What qualities distinguish a public figure, a true citizen? Is such a person able to withstand circumstances and power? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of D. A....
    


24. The problem of the courage of soldiers in war. Tsybulko 2018. No. 26.
    What was the courage of soldiers during the war? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of B. L. Vasiliev. Revealing the problem of the courage of soldiers during the war, the author describes the Brest Fortress,... The problem of moral choice between hypocrisy and sincerity. Tsybulko 2018. No. 12. How to deal with the situation
    


25. moral choice
    In the text proposed for analysis, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov raises the problem of deception. Why do people deceive others? And is deception acceptable in communication?
    


26. Reflecting on this problem, the author...
    The problem of determining the role of the Motherland in human life. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments. 1) Each writer is unique in his richness inner world
    


27. , in a variety of creativity. But in the main thing - in love for their great and long-suffering Motherland - all Russian classics are united.
    Nikolai...
    


28. The problem of a person’s awareness of his fulfillment in life, the relationship between his desires and capabilities. Tsybulko 2018. No. 19.
    Does a person understand whether he succeeded in realizing himself or not? How do our desires and realized possibilities compare? These are the questions that arise when reading D. Granin’s text. Revealing the problem...
    


29. The problem of responsibility for the fate of the native language. Tsybulko 2018. No. 9
    Who is responsible for the fate of their native language? What needs to be done to improve the quality of your native language? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of K.I. Chukovsky. Revealing the problem...
    


30. The problem of attitude towards outstanding personalities, idols. Tsybulko 2018. No. 30.
    How do people treat outstanding personalities, idols? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of A.I. Kuprin. Revealing the problem of attitude towards outstanding personalities, idols, the author relies on...
    


31. The problem of attitude towards famous personalities according to the text by A.I. Kuprin Tsybulko 2018. Option 30
    The problem of attitude towards famous personalities is the problem that Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin makes us think about.
    


32. Reflecting on this problem, the author recalls his meeting with the outstanding...
    The problem of feeling guilty towards parents. Tsybulko 2018. No. 27.
    


33. What gives rise to a person’s feeling of guilt towards his parents? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of Yu. V. Bondarev. Revealing the problem of feeling guilty before parents, the writer narrates...
    The problem of the decline of the spiritual culture of our society. Tsybulko 2018. No. 25.
    


34. The problem of people's feats during the war. Tsybulko 2018. No. 2.
    What was the feat of people during the war? Was it only at the front that people performed heroic deeds? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of the Soviet writer V. Bykov. Revealing the problem...
    


35. The problem of vulgarity. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
    Based on the text by A.P. Chekhov “Military gymnasium teacher, collegiate registrar Lev Pustyakov...”. Arguments.
    


36. 1) “A knight without fear and reproach” - this is what they call an honest, noble person. But this...
    The problem of vulgarity. Tsybulko 2018. No. 8
    


37. What is vulgarity? How can vulgarity manifest itself in our lives? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of A.P. Chekhov. Revealing the problem of vulgarity, the author introduces readers to his heroes...
    The problem of overcoming life's difficulties during the war years. Tsybulko 2018. No. 24.
    


38. How did people survive during the war? What qualities did they demonstrate to overcome difficulties? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of A.P. Platonov. Revealing the problem of overcoming life...
    The problem of attracting attention according to the text of A.P. Chekhov (“You feel something special...”) How to attract the audience's attention when speaking in public? Exactly this current problem
    


39. the author raises in this text. Discussing the problem posed, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov talks about...
    The problem of the reasons for victory in the war. Tsybulko 2018. No. 31
    


40. What helps you win a war? What qualities do soldiers need to defeat the enemy? These are the questions that arise when reading D. Granin’s text. Revealing the reasons for victory in the war...
    The problem of showing parental love. Tsybulko 2018. No. 16.
    


41. How strong is parental love for children? Is there anything truer and more devoted than a parent's heart? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by A. G. Aleksin. Revealing the problem of manifestation...
    The problem of showing humanity in war, showing compassion and mercy towards a captured enemy. Tsybulko 2018. No. 14.
    


42. Who is capable of showing compassion and mercy to a captured enemy? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of B. L. Vasiliev. Revealing the problem of the manifestation of humanity in war, the manifestation...
    The problem of the role of books in human life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 20.
    


43. What role do books play in our lives? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of Yu. V. Bondarev. Revealing the problem of the role of books in human life, the author relies on his own reasoning. By...
    Music has been around for many years. This type of art was created by people even before the creation of writing. The author in his text raises the problem of the role of music in human life. V.P. Astafiev, arguing...
    


44. The problem of the role of memory in human life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 35.
    What is the role of memory in human life? What is the value of memory? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of D. A. Granin. Revealing the problem of the role of memory in human life, the author relies on...
    


45. The problem of the power of the poetic word. Tsybulko 2018. No. 28.
    What is the power of the poetic word? Is poetry capable of awakening different feelings in a person, making him think about the most important things? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of V.P....
    


46. The problem of preserving historical and cultural monuments. Tsybulko 2018. No. 4.
    Why is it necessary to preserve historical and cultural monuments? Can we consider that the preservation of monuments is related to the preservation historical memory? These are the questions that arise when reading Valentine's text...
    


47. The problem of the fate of Russian villages. Tsybulko 2018. No. 18
    What is the fate of Russian villages? Why do people leave their village homes? These are the questions that arise when reading the text by V.P. Astafiev. Revealing the problem of the fate of the Russian village, the author with pain...
    


48. The problem of the similarity between the life of nature and human life. Tsybulko 2018. No. 29.
    What are the similarities between the life of nature and the life of man? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of M. M. Prishvin. Revealing the problem of the similarity between the life of nature and human life, the author narrates...
    


49. The problem of the value of childhood. Collection of Tsybulko, 2018. Arguments.
    1) A. M. Gorky wrote the stories “Childhood” and “In People” about his difficult childhood. Among the “abominations” of life, the bright spot was the grandmother - Alyosha’s closest friend. She was a wonderful Russian woman...
    


50. The problem of the value of childhood. Tsybulko 2018. No. 23.
    What is the value of childhood? Can childhood be considered the most important time in life? These are the questions that arise when reading D. Granin’s text. Revealing the problem of the value of childhood, the author relies on...
    


51. FIPI 2018 Tsybulko. Option 15. Problem: man and nature (In the autumn forest everything was yellow and crimson, there was a goat, everything was burning and shining along with the sun.)
    Man and nature are closely interconnected. So what influence do they have on each other? Gavriil Nikolaevich Troepolsky, Russian, discusses this topic Soviet writer, raising the problem of man...
    


52. FIPI I.P. Tsybulko 2017 (2 version)
    War... This word tells us so much: the death of people, the pain and suffering of mothers, many orphans and terrible memories.
    


53. The text of the Russian writer B. L. Vasiliev raises the current...
    FIPI I.P. Tsybulko 2017 (35th option)
    


54. What is the role of memory in human life? The author of the text, D.A., made me think about this important question. Granin. Reflecting on this problem, he talks about how other writers: L. Tolstoy,...
    Tsybulko 2017 version 21 essay The problem of conscience Over time, I begin to understand what is up to a person
    


55. What is conscience? Where did she come from? Russian writer and public figure D.A. thinks about these questions in his text. Granin. Granin remembers the funeral of Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko....
    Tsybulko 2018 - 36 version text by A.P. Chekhov Someone comes into the hallway, undresses for a long time and coughs... The problem of attitude towards studying
    


56. A diligent, responsible approach to learning in most cases determines a person’s demand as a specialist in various areas of life in the future. It is precisely the problem of attitude towards learning that poses...
    Tsybulko 2018 19th version Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin text about Likhachev (I thought that I never understood myself)
    


57. In the history of our country there have always been individuals who gave all their time and energy for the development and prosperity of their Motherland. The most visible are cultural figures who promote the ideals...
    Tsybulko 2018 30 option the problem of which person can be considered intelligent, the problem of intelligence text by A.I. Kuprin Not so long ago I had the good fortune of talking with a person
    


58. Educated, well-read people are the nation’s hope for development and prosperity. Thanks to the intelligentsia, positive leaps and bounds in culture and science are taking place. But what kind of person can...
    Tsybulko 2018 the problem of the beauty of the Russian language text by D.S. Likhachev The greatest value of a people is its language
    


59. The Russian language, like no other, expresses national identity, conveys colorful emotional descriptions of events, surrounding reality and emotional experiences. Our native language is not only...
    Tsybulko 2018 Unified State Exam 5 option, essay based on a passage about Ottic and Dedich from the work “Motherland” by Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy
    


60. In the text proposed for analysis, the famous Soviet writer A.N. Tolstoy raises the problem of the responsibility of each of us for the future of our Motherland. Bearing responsibility for your homeland is...
    In this story, the author raises the problem of the harsh nature of war and its severe consequences. This problem, I believe, is relevant at all times. In his story, Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev shows how...
    


61. Tsybulko Unified State Exam 10 options 2018 Option 3 according to Paustovsky's text
    In this story, the author raises the problem of the power of nature, its calming, calming properties. This problem is very relevant in our time: with the modern pace of life, people often forget...
    

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For now, Russian language and mathematics are mandatory exams that must be passed in order to receive a certificate. And then try yourself at a university, or, with a clear conscience, go into the army.

Every year the tasks are simplified, so the number of hundred-point works is only growing. To write everything well, it’s enough to get good at it by going through a dozen or two options. General theoretical knowledge will come to mind by itself. Someone will say that there is also an essay (task 25), but there, too, everything comes down to basic things. Complete clichés, from literary examples “War and Peace”. There are a lot of similar essays in the bank of verified works. Study the best ones, see how to build a reasoning. Nothing complicated. Again, it just takes a little practice and you'll get it right.

Structure

Part 1: consists of 24 tasks with a short answer consisting of numbers or a word (phrase). The maximum you can get is 58 points.

Part 2: consists of one task where you need to write the already mentioned essay in the recommended volume of 200 words. Maximum 42 points.

3.5 hours are allotted to complete all tasks.

Explanations for grading assignments

For correct completion of each task in Part 1 (except for tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24), the examinee receives 1 point. For an incorrect answer or lack thereof, 0 points are given.

For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct. 1 point is given if: one of the numbers indicated in the answer does not correspond to the standard; one of the numbers specified in the answer template is missing.

In all other cases, 0 points are given. The order in which the numbers are written in the answer does not matter. For completing task 7, you can score from 0 to 5 points. For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to a number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: 1 error made; 3 points: 2 errors made; 2 points: 2 digits indicated correctly; 1 point: correctly indicated only one digit; 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. the order of numbers in the answer is incorrect.

Unified State Exam dates in Russian

The final dates for the Unified State Examination will be known only in January. But today specialists from Rosobrnadzor are ready to announce the approximate time periods during which testing will take place:

• the early stage of the Unified State Examination will take place from mid-March to mid-April 2018 (start date – 03/22/2018);
• The main stage of the Unified State Examination will begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018. Rosobrnadzor tentatively names the start date as 05/28/2018;
• an additional period (taking the Unified State Exam by students who received unsatisfactory grades or missed the main exam due to illness and other valid reasons, documented) is scheduled for the first half of September 2018. So far, the starting date is September 4, 2018.

Let us remind you that the following people can write an application to take the exam early:

• schoolchildren who received secondary education before the 2017/2018 academic year;
• students who graduated from school with a certificate instead of a certificate;
• evening school graduates;
• individuals who go to study outside of Russia;
• graduates of the current year who completed the curriculum ahead of schedule;
• children leaving for sports competitions, competitions, Olympiads and other events of national or international significance;
• schoolchildren in need of treatment or rehabilitation on the dates of the main exam.

Statistics for passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language

Students’ opinion that with good preparation for Unified State Exam Russian Passing the language is quite easy, as confirmed by official statistics. Thus, in 2017, 617 thousand schoolchildren took part in the examination, of which only 1.6% were unable to overcome the minimum threshold (i.e., score 36 passing points required for admission to a university).

In 2016, there were 2.5% of such students. In turn, only 0.5% of examinees did not achieve the minimum scores required to obtain a matriculation certificate, i.e. half as much as in 2016. According to Sergei Kravtsov, head of Rosobrnadzor, this trend indicates the effectiveness of the “I will pass the Unified State Exam” project, in which lagging students from Chechnya, Dagestan and Tuva took part before testing.

According to statistics, the percentage of schoolchildren who fail the Unified State Exam is gradually decreasing

Rules for the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language

The testing procedure remains the same - students will have 3.5 hours (210 minutes) to complete the tasks. According to the regulations, before entering the examination hall, the student must empty his pockets of any foreign objects, which include cheat sheets, smartphones, cameras, headphones, tablets, smart watches and any other equipment.

When writing a test in the Russian language, the use of any other reference and auxiliary materials is not provided. Schoolchildren are prohibited from changing seats, talking with neighbors, turning their heads in the hope of spying on the answer, and also leaving the classroom without permission and accompaniment of a member of the supervisory commission.

What is included in the Russian language ticket?

The Russian language exam is aimed at:

• assessment of the ability to conduct linguistic analysis;
• identification of practical language skills in compliance with relevant norms and rules;
• communication skills test;
• assessment of understanding writing through the prism of one’s own perception;
• testing the ability to compare, analyze, synthesize, generalize, specify and find patterns.

When completing the work, the student will be faced with tasks that will test the level of his knowledge of vocabulary and phraseology, his understanding of language, spelling and punctuation norms, as well as the ability to use speech instruments.

Each ticket includes 26 tasks, divided into two parts:

• The first part of the ticket is 25 tasks that require a short answer from the student. In this part of the Unified State Exam, the answer should be given in the form of one or more numbers, a word or a phrase. For correct completion of this part of the test, you can receive 34 primary points, which is 59% of all points for the Unified State Exam. Tasks numbered 2, 3-6, 8-14, 16-24 are scored 1 point, 1 and 15 – 2 points, 7 – 5 points, 25 – 4 points;
• the second part of the ticket is an essay on the proposed topic. It should provide a detailed and reasoned answer to the question posed. For correct completion of this part of the test, you can receive 24 primary points, which is 41% of all points for the Unified State Exam.

The entire ticket allows you to earn a maximum of 58 primary points.

Innovations in tickets 2018

Experts from FIPI report that the following changes await schoolchildren in the new Russian language tickets:

1. One task (numbered 20) was added to the tickets, aimed at testing knowledge of the norms of vocabulary of the Russian language.
2. The maximum primary points that can be obtained for all work have been increased - now there will be 58, not 57, as in 2017.

Will speaking be included in the exam?

Over the past few years, rumors have increasingly arisen that another part will be added to the Russian language exam - speaking. Lyudmila Verbitskaya, head of the Russian Academy of Education, stated that speaking would become an integral part of the exam back in 2016. Sergei Kravtsov, who heads Rosobrnadzor, also believed that Russian should not be taken at the basic and specialized level, but it is imperative to test the ability of modern schoolchildren to express their thoughts out loud.

The Unified State Exam 2018 will require not only knowledge of the rules, but developed speaking skills

The leadership of the main educational department of the Russian Federation explained the need for this innovation by saying that the ability to apply language norms in practice can only be revealed when a student answers questions orally. This is the only way to understand whether the student knows how to express his thoughts beautifully and cogently, or whether he has simply memorized a certain number of rules.

Speaking did not appear in the Unified State Examination 2017, but at a conference at Moscow State University dedicated to the problems of the modern Russian language, Verbitskaya expressed confidence that in 2018 this part will definitely supplement the national examination in this subject. Not long ago, information appeared on the FIPI website that department specialists discussed the issue of including speaking in the Unified State Exam, having prepared a corresponding project. Today it includes two possible options CMM improvements:

• the first assumes that the student will have to read the text expressively, then take part in a dialogue, and at the end, argueably express his position on some issue, based on the proposed text. You will need to do it in 15 minutes;
• the second option includes four types of tasks: expressive reading of the proposed passage, retelling the information read, a monologue on a given topic, and participation in dialogue. 15 minutes will be allotted for all tasks.

When passing the Unified State Examination, audio and video recording of the student’s answers will be carried out, which will then be listened to by members of the examination committee. However, in the CMM versions presented today, there is no speaking in the demo version. It is possible that the new type of Unified State Exam will first be tested on schoolchildren from the 9th grade who will have to take the State Examination.

Firstly, it is easier for them to equip classrooms with the necessary equipment, and secondly, for high school students, errors in the calculations of specialists from FIPI can become critical, ruining the chance of entering a university. It is quite possible that the project will not have time to pass the final approval stage in 2018, but students should prepare for this type of test.

How will the Unified State Exam in Russian affect the certificate?

Let us remind you that the scores that an eleventh grader received for the national exam influence the certificate. The maximum points for this Unified State Examination are 100. If we translate them into the regular school system of assessing knowledge, the picture looks like this:

• students who managed to score only 0-35 points are recognized as “failing students”;
• schoolchildren who were able to score 36-57 points for testing can qualify for the “three” mark;
• 58-71 points guarantee the student a grade of “four”;
• graduates who score 72 points and above receive an “excellent” grade.

To enter the budget you will need more than 73 points for Russian

The minimum points that should be scored for the Russian language are directly dependent on the goal set by the student:

• schoolchildren who do not intend to enter a university can write an exam for 24 points - this is enough to simply receive a certificate;
• students who plan to enter higher education educational institution, must receive a minimum of 36 points on the test. You can overcome this threshold by correctly solving at least 16 tasks from the first part of the ticket. Of course, 36 points will not allow you to qualify for budget place and a scholarship to the university. As the practice of past years shows, for regional universities the score must be at least 73, but to get into capital universities you need to manage to write the Unified State Examination in Russian with at least 88-94 points.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Russian?

Preparing for the Russian language exam involves regular classes, practicing all existing rules and regulations, memorizing exceptions, and developing punctuation skills. In addition, it is highly recommended to regularly write dictations and short essays on a variety of topics.

Experts say that you should devote most of your time to task No. 26 - the essay will require you to be able to discuss and comment on a specific topic, support your point of view with arguments, think broadly, draw analogies and correctly insert quotes from other sources into the text. To do this, you should pay attention to reading classical works, the authors of which raise themes of ideological problems.

Of course, when preparing for the exam, you cannot do without working through the demonstration CMMs developed by FIPI specialists for the new academic year. Of course, there will be no absolute match between the demo versions and the real tests, but the tasks are so similar that it will be easier for you to collect your thoughts during the exam. Only in this case you will not waste time trying to understand the structure of the ticket and its content. You can download official demo versions of CMMs in Russian at the beginning of the article.

At the Unified State Examination in Russian, you should correctly distribute the allotted time. Don't waste precious minutes lingering on difficult tests. You can return to them later, when answers to tasks that do not cause you difficulties are ready. To write an essay, you will need at least 60-70 minutes - creative tasks require time to gather your thoughts, sketch out a draft version of the work, and then carefully rewrite the essay on the answer sheet.

When preparing for the Unified State Exam, train yourself to regularly write essays and dictations.

What should you consider when writing an essay?

The essay involves writing a text in which the following components will be clearly identified:

• introduction– here you should give a suitable quote, highlight the main idea of ​​the author of the work, talk a little about his worldview, give your own thoughts on this topic, and then move on to the main part;
• main part– is divided into several structural components, each of which will be assessed by a commission. Start by formulating the problem, describing its relevance and urgency. Provide comments on the problem, briefly retelling the text in your own words. Next, you need to express the author’s main idea and retell his vision of the issue. Express your opinion on this matter, agreeing with the author or, conversely, giving counterarguments. Your own thoughts should be supported by arguments in the form of quotes from famous personalities, statistical and scientific facts, descriptions of life situations or thoughts of other writers. At least two arguments must be given, and one of them is literary;
• conclusion and conclusions– in this part of the essay it is worth summarizing all of the above.

Remember: according to the essay evaluation criteria, the main factor that the commission members will evaluate is the ability to rely on the proposed text. Extensive conclusions and introductions are not very welcome - they should occupy no more than 25% of the entire work. The essay must consist of at least 150 words. If you can write more, correctly covering the main part, that’s good, but work of less than 70 words may not be assessed at all, giving zero points.

The final exam in the Russian language is one of the most difficult, so every student needs to gain additional skills in solving exam tasks. How to prepare for the Russian language exam in order to get a good score with 100% confidence?

Irina Tsybulko: Unified State Exam in Russian language

Pay attention to the manual “USE-2018. Russian language" prepared taking into account all standards and in accordance with the demo version of the KIM Unified State Exam 2018. This textbook is unique, preparation for the Unified State Exam and Unified State Exam has not yet been compiled in such detail, the examples reflect exam tasks.

In the book:

• 36 special tasks;
• Instructions for completing examination papers;
• Detailed answers to all tasks;
• What criteria are used to assess the level of knowledge.

Experienced teachers took part in the preparation of the textbook: Roman Doschinsky and Sergei Ivanov. The publication was published under the editorship of the developer of control measurement materials in the Russian language, Irina Tsybulko. If you doubt your knowledge, are not sure that you can pass the exam with the score required for admission to a university, start preparing in advance.

The book will be an assistant not only for students, but also for teachers. On its basis it is possible to develop individual program intensive preparation of students for the Unified State Exam.